• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1998

This study was carried out for the identification and bioassay of bioactive compounds which isolated from Phyutolacca americana L. obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. Two biological active compounds were found from crude extracts of P. americana roots, using the systematic solvent fractionations, such as ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction. One biological compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction with silicagel column chromatography, which was identified as a ${\alpha}-spinasterol$ by spectral analysis of IR, H-NMR, C-NMR and MS. The other one is isolated from butanol fraction which was identified as phytolaccoside E by spectral analysis of IR, H-NMR, C-NMR and MS. 2. The ${\alpha}-spinasterol$ and phytolaccoside E induced necrosis of primary root and resulted in death of the tested plant. These two compounds strongly inhibited to the growth of Mucor racemous and Phytophthora infestants but did not inhibited the growth of Colletotricum lagenarium and Fusarium oxisporum. 3. Cytotoxicity of the two biological active compound was exammined to the two different animal cancer cell lines (L1210, K562). The phytolaccoside E has some cytotoxical activity to the growth of cancer cell lines (L1210, K562) but $\alpha$-spinasterol has not cytotoxical effect.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.577-580
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• 1995

During the screening for the antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, we isolated an active compound produced by strain CNU30122. The active compound was purified from culture broth by HP-20 column chromatography, ethylacetate extraction. silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies and HPLC. Based on various NMR studies including $^1H-^1H\;COSY$, $^1H-^{13}C\;COSY$ and HMBC experiments. the active compound was identified as fusidic acid.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.159-160
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• 2014

An antifungal antibiotic was extracted three times using n-butanol from the culture broth of Bacillus sp. Bioassayguided column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 yielded 62 mg of the original active compound from 1 L of culture broth. The minimal inhibitory concentration values were 25 and $50{\mu}g/ml$ against Pyricularia oryzae and Pellicularia filamentosa, respectively. Based on results obtained from the analysis of the structure of the antibiotic using MS, NMR, and IR spectroscopy, the antifungal antibiotic was shown to consist of only six of fructose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 1994

In the course of screening for insecticidal metabolites from soil microorganisms, Actinomycetes isolate no.1166 was found to produce active metabolites against Musca domestca and Bombyx mori. Three active components from the metabolites were isolated by solvent extraction and chro- matographic techniques and examined their insecticidal activities on Bombyx mori (3rd larvae) by diet feeding bioassay methods. By UV and NMR data analyses, compound I and III were identified as bafilomycin A$_{2}$ and B$_{1}$, respectively and compound II was also estimated to belong to the bafilomycin family from its physico-chemical data and biological properties.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.163-170
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• 2021

Peptides are naturally occurring biological molecules that are found in all living organisms. These biologically active peptides play a key role in various biological processes. The aim of this study is the extraction and the purification of bioactive materials that induce relaxation of an apical muscle from the pyloric caeca of Patiria pectinifera. The acidified pyloric caeca extract was partially separated by the solid phase extraction using a stepwise gradient on Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Among the fractions, materials eluted with 60% methanol/0.1% trifluoroacetic acid was put a thorough of a series of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) steps to isolate a neuropeptide with relaxation activity. The purified compound was eluted at 28% acetonitrile in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid with retention time of 25.8 min on the CAPCELL-PAK C18 reversed-phase column. To determine the molecular weight and the amino acid sequence of the purified peptide, LC-MS and Edman degradation method were used, respectively. The primary structure of the peptide was determined to be FGMGGAYDPLSAGFTD which corresponded to the amino acid sequence of a starfish myorelaxant peptide (SMP) isotype (SMPb) found in the cDNA sequence encoding SMPa and its isotypes. In this study, a muscle relaxant neuropeptide (SMPb) has been isolated from pyloric caeca of starfish P. pectinifera. This is the first report of SMPb isolation on the protein level from P. pectinifera.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2006

Twelve actinomycete strains were isolated from Egyptian soil. The isolated actinomycete strains were then screened with regard to their potential to generate antibiotics. The most potent of the producer strains was selected and identified. The cultural and physiological characteristics of the strain identified. the strain as a member of the genus Streptomyces. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1.5kb) of the most potent strain evidenced a 99% similarity with Streptomyces spp. and S. aureofaciens 16S rRNA genes, and the isolated strain was ultimately identified as Streptomyces sp. MAR01. The extraction of the fermentation broth of this strain resulted in the isolation of one major compound, which was active in vitro against gram-positive, gram-negative representatives and Candida albicans. The chemical structure of this bioactive compound was elucidated based on the spectroscopic data obtained from the application of MS, IR, UV, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, and elemental analysis techniques. Via comparison to the reference data in the relevant literature and in the database search, this antibiotic, which had a molecular formula of $C_{19}H_{29}NO_2$ and a molecular weight of 303.44, was determined to differ from those produced by this genus as well as the available known antibiotics. Therefore, this antibiotic was designated Meroparamycin.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 1992

To examine the characteristics of anti-complementary compounds from Arecae Pericarpium (the pericarps of Areca catechu) which showed the highest activity during our screening procedures, the extraction and purification were performed. AC-1 fraction from Arecae Pericarpium was purified by hot water extraction, methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis and lyophilization. This compound had total sugar 48.2%, uronic acid 14.6% and protein 36.8%. Rhamnose, arabinose, mannose and galactose were found in sugar components. By cetavlon (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) treatment AC-1 was fractionated to AC-2, AC-3 and AC-4. Among them, AC-2 showed the highest activity and yield. By periodate oxidation, AC-2 was deactivated, but had no change in activity by pronase digestion. Moreover active fractions, AC-2-IIIa and AC-2-IIIc isolated from AC-2 by two successive column chromatography using DEAE-Toyopearl $650C(Cl^-form)$ and Sephadex G-100. AC-2-IIIa was mainly made up of rhamnose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and AC-2-IIIc, mannose, galactose and glucose. These both polysaccharides were identified as homogeneous by gel filtration of Sepharose CL-4B and electrophoresis, and molecular weights of them were 120,000 and 15,000, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

This study is to isolate bio-active compounds from Alnus firma and evaluate their antioxidant activity. Dried wood powder of A. firma was extracted by organic solvents and fractionated in the sequential extraction steps. The isolated compounds were characterized by EI-MS, $^{13}C-$ and $^1H-NMR$ including COSY, DEFT, HMQC, and HMBC. Antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging effect. From the wood of A. firma, three kinds of diarylheptanoids, alnusodiol (1), alnusonol (2) and alnusone (3), and gallic acid (4) were isolated. Among these four compounds, compound 1, 2, and 3 are isolated from A. firma for the first time. The antioxidant activity of gallic acid was 93.5% at the concentration of 100 ppm. This compound showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of other isolated compounds and the reference BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene).

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

Fractional solvent extraction by organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol was carried out using 70% ethanol extract of apple flower leaves. Biological activities including antioxidant, whitening, antimicrobial and anti-wrinkle activities were investigated and bio-active materials of the extracts were identified using GC/MSD. Among the tested solvent fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest total polyphenol content (1218.94 ${\mu}g/mL$), and flavonoid (140 ${\mu}g/mL$). The DPPH radical scavenging activities was over 80% at a dry matterbased concentration of 200 ${\mu}g/{\mu}L$ and SOD-like activity was over 90% at 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration in ethylacetate fraction that was slightly lower than of ascorbic aicd. Tyrosinase inhibition activity related to skin-whitening was over 60% by ethylacetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/mL$. As an anti-aging effect, elastase inhibitory activity was about 45% in ethylacetate fraction. Also, it showed a significantly antimicrobial activity against P. acenes. From GC/MSD analysis, a characteristic peak of high content in ethylacetate fraction was identified as kaempferol, which has been reported as a bioactive compound.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.686-697
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• 2021

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees, which they use to protect their hives. Honeybees produce propolis by mixing exudates from the various trees and plants with saliva and beeswax. It has been used since around 300 B.C. as a folk medicine to cure wounds. Propolis contains many physiologically active components, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and beeswax. Because of its functional components, propolis has a wide spectrum of biological applications. The compounds in propolis and its biological activity can vary according to the location of nectar source and extraction method. Propolis is most commonly known for its anti-microorganism activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Artepillin C and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have been identified as regulatory compounds that reduce inflammation and exert immunosuppressive reactions on T lymphocytes. Through its anti-inflammatory activity, propolis exhibits anti-tumor activity, including the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, the blocking of tumor signaling cascades, and antiangiogenesis. However, for the more apply of propolis its analysis of nectar source, identifying of propolis compound, the molecular mechanism of propolis and the investigation of compounds synergistic effects are essential. In this study, we described the physiological activity of propolis isolated from honeybees.