• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Three major curcuminoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa), curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, were efficiently extracted by optimizing extraction condition and simultaneously analyzed and identified using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The highest yield of extraction amount 0.279 g, 9.30% was obtained by dipping method with extraction time of 7 h.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2021

Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.954-961
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• 2017

재조합 ${\beta}$-galactosidase (${\beta}$-gal)을 이용하여 transgalactosylation 반응으로 합성된 2-phenoxyethanol galactoside (PE-gal)과 chlorphenesin galactoside (CPN-gal)의 정제를 실시하였다. 먼저 PE와 PE-gal이 포함된 반응물에 ethyl acetate (EA)를 넣고, EA/water 이상계 시스템에서 PE와 PE-gal을 분획하였다. 이 시스템에서 PE는 EA층으로 PE-gal은 water층으로 분획되었다. 그리고, 물층을 모아서 silica gel chromatography를 실시하였다. 최종적으로, silica gel chromatography만 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우와, EA 처리 후 silica gel chromatography를 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우의 정제 PE-gal에 대하여 HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography)와 TLC (thin-layer chromatography) 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 EA를 처리하여 분획한 후, silica gel chromatography를 수행한 시료에서 잔여 PE가 완전히 제거되는 것을 관찰하였고, silica gel chromatography만 실시하여 PE-gal을 정제한 경우에는 상당량의 잔여 PE가 관찰되었다. 이 때, mole 기준으로 약 21%의 정제 수율을 확인할 수 있었다. 마찬가지로 CPN-gal의 정제에서도 EA 분획 처리 후, silica gel chromatography를 수행하였더니, 잔여 CPN이 거의 없는 순수한 CPN-gal을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2021

A new method for chemical separation of light rare-earth elements (LREEs) using gas-pressurized extraction chromatography (GPEC) is described. GPEC is a microscale column chromatography system that features a constant flow of solvents, which is created by pressurized nitrogen gas. The separation column with a Teflon tubing was packed with LN resin. The proposed GPEC method facilitates production of lesser chemical wastes and faster separation owing to the use of low solvent volume compared to traditional column chromatography. We evaluated the separation of Ba, La, Ce, and Nd using various elution solvents. The column reproducibility of the proposed GPEC system ranged from 2.4% to 4.9% with RSDs of recoveries, and the column-to-column reproducibility ranged from 3.1% to 6.3% with RSDs of recoveries. The proposed technique is robust, and it can be useful for the fast separation of LREEs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

방사성 동위원소에 오염된 토양시료에 대하여 정확하고 신속한 U 등위원소 분석법을 개발하였고 IAEA 표준시료에 적용하여 분석법의 타당성을 검증하였다. TBP 용매추출법의 단점을 보완하기 위해서 토양시료를 질산 및 불산을 사용하여 메트릭스 성분으로부터 우라늄을 완벽하게 추출하였고 이온교환수지와 TRU Spec 수지를 이용하여 우라늄 등위원소를 악티나이드 원소로부터 순수분리하였다. 크로마토 그래피 추출법을 사용하여 토양시료에서 우라늄 등위원소 화학수율은 TBP 용매추출법의 경우보다 10% 정도 증가하였다. 크로마토 그래피 추출법을 사용한 IAEA 토양시료에 분석결과는 IAEA에서 보고된 수치와 일치하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition of Rehmannia glutinosa's essential oils with Rehmanniae Radix herbal acupuncture Methods : I obtained the essential oils of Rehmannia Radix by hydrodistillation extraction method and supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method, and then I analyzed those by GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum). Results : 1. With GC(gas chromatography) and GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum) analysis. I identified 9 compounds in the Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the SFE method. The main compounds were as follows : Hexachloroethane(2.24%), N-Butyl-benzenesulfonamide(2.05%), hexadecanoic acid(1.93%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester(3.49%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(z,z)(2.70%), (9E)-9-Octadecenoic acid(6.14%), ethyl linoleate(4.43%), ethyl oleate(5.80%). 2. I failed to get Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. 3. With GC(gas chromatography) and GC/MS(gas chromatography/mass spectrum) analysis. I identified 4 compounds in the Rehmanniae Radix's essential oil obtained through the hydrodistillation method. The main compounds were as follows : Ethylbis(trimethylsilyl)amine(1.04%), 2-(Trimethylsiloxy)benzoic methyl ester(2.65%), Hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester(12.61%), octadecanoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester(6.28%). Conclusions : The substances by hydrodistillation method may not perfectly match with the substances by supercritical fluid extraction(SFE) method in essential oils extracted form Rehmanniae Radix. But, the main substances was assumed Hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to compare 3 extraction methods including, solid phase extraction (SPE), acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction, for their usefulness as extraction methods to determine capsaicinoids. The determination of capsaicinoids in the extracts was carried out on a reverse-phased high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a fluorescence detector. Three extraction methods, i.e., SPE, acetonitrile extraction, and methanol extraction were compared for the quantification of capsaicinoids using raw peppers and pepper powder. The highest analytical values were observed using methanol extraction and the lowest values using SPE. Also, the analytical method validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and specificity were calculated to ensure the method's validity. This method provides a fast and accurate approach for the determination of capsaicinoids in peppers.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2019

Rubber articles contain various organic additives such as antidegradants, curing agents, and processing aids. It is important to extract and analyze these organic additives. In this paper, various extraction methods of organic additives present in rubber composites were introduced (solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, headspace extraction, and solid-phase microextraction), and the extracts were characterized using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Solvent and Soxhlet extractions are easy-to-perform and commonly used methods. Efficiency of solvent extraction varies according to the type of solvent used and the extraction conditions. Soxhlet extraction requires a large volume of solvent. Headspace sampling is suitable for extracting volatile organic compounds, while solid-phase extraction is suitable for extracting specific chemicals. GC/MS is generally used for characterizing the extract of a rubber composite because most components of the extract are volatile and have low molecular weights. Identification methods of chemical structures of the components separated by GC column were also introduced.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the optimal extraction time for Artemisia argyi. Methods: The compositional pattern was compared with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and GC (Gas-Chromatography) by decocting Artemisia argyi 10, 60, 120 minutes respectively. Results: With longer extraction time, the contents of reference compounds were extracted 1.1 times more when 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid was extracted for 60 minutes than when extracted for 10 minutes in HPLC test, but the contents were reduced when extracted for 120 minutes compared to 60 minutes extraction time. 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, jaceosidin, and eupatilin showed the largest yield rate when extracted for 10 minutes, and it decreased as time passed. The contents of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, jaceosidin, scoparone, and eupatilin were detected only in 10 minutes extraction but not in 60 or 120 minutes extraction according to GC test. Conclusions: The results show that extraction time could affect the physicochemical characteristic or composition of Artemisia argy extracted. Thus, short extraction time could be useful for decoction of Artemisia argyi.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2001

Analytical method of benzophenone (BP) in sediment and soil was developed by gas chromatography/mass selective detector/selected ion monitoring (GC/MSD/SIM). The ultrasonic extraction of US EPA (method 3550B) method and liquid-liquid extraction for sediment and soil samples were used for the analysis of BP from sediment and soil. BP was extracted with n-hexane. Organic layer was washed with 5% sodium chloride solution. 1∼2 l of the concentrated solution of organic layer was applied to GC/MSD. The retention time of BP peak was 11.10 min. Recovery (％) of BP by ultrasonication from sediment and soil samples was 96.0∼100.6％ and 40.0∼83.0％, respectively. Recovery of BP by liquid-liquid extraction was 51∼59％ in soil samples. The detection limit of BP in sediment and soil samples were determined to 0.1 ng/g.