• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 1998

The extraction rate of ginger from Korean-grown ginger root with supercritical carbon dioxide was measured as a function of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide, particle size, temperature and pressure. the extraction rate increased as the particle size decreased due to a decrease in the diffusion path. The extraction rate were independent of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide in a plot of ginger oil yield versus extraction time. This indicated that the extraction process is controlled by intraparticle diffusion within a particle of ginger root. In the case of temperature and pressure effect, the experimental results showed that the extraction rate decreased with an increase in temperature and increased with an increase in pressure.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.95-99
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• 1976

This work deals with different extraction media and reaction mixtures on photosystem II activity of Spinach chloroplasts. The photoreduction rate of ferricyanide and DPIP by intact chloroplasts which extracted with four kinds of extraction media; S-Tris-N pH 7.2, 8.0, S-Tricine-N pH 7.2, 8.0, was measured in five kinds of reaction mixtures; S-Tris-N pH 7.2, 8.0, S-Tricine-N pH 7.2, 8.0, 0.05 M-Tris pH 7.2. The extraction medium which shows the highest photoreduction rate was S-Tris-N at pH 7.2 and S-Tricine-N at pH 8.0. As to the reaciton mixture, S-Tricine-N pH 8.0 showed the highest rate. On the complex effects of extraction media and reaction mixtures, the highest photordeuction rate of Hill oxidant by intact chloroplasts was obtained by S-Tris-N pH 7.2 extraction medium and S-Tricine-N pH 8.0 reaction mixture. The second highest activity was obtained by S-Tricine-N pH 8.0 extraction medium and reaction mixture.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.721-724
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• 2007

Estimating of LFG emission rate has been well established. But, relatively short history of LFG extraction in Korea, the data and the formular have not been well compared and analyzed. Here, even though the operation period of extraction for Daegu Bangcheon-ri is short, the relevant correlation between estimated and the actual has been tried to find. Hopefully, this will be a guideline for the future LFG forecasting.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1985

The extraction rate of lipids from the chopped whole fish was studied with various solvents. Factors which can influence on the extraction rate such as temperature, moisture content, agitation speed and solvent were also examined. In the early stage of extraction, it is considered that the rapid extraction was attributed to cell destruction which occurs in chopping the whole fish and in the later stage, the extraction rate was increased linearly with extraction time. The effect of agitation on the extraction rate had a great influence on the early stage of extraction. In agitation speed of 100, 200, 300 and 500 r.p.m. the slopes of extraction curve were -0.075, -0.075, -0.069 and -0.064, respectively. Extractability between hydrophilic and hydrophobic solvent showed a great difference. It is suggested that extractability difference between acetone and isopropyl alcohol is due to acetone property which can not extract phospholipids in polar lipids. Extractability of lipids was increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing moisture content.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound on the extraction of oil from canola seeds when supercritical carbon dioxide ($SCCO_2$) was used as an extraction solvent. The ultrasound-assisted $SCCO_2$ extraction were carried out while varying such operating parameters as particle size of crushed canola seed, flow rate of $SCCO_2$, aspect ratio of the extraction vessel, and ultrasound power. The extraction rate decreased with increasing particle size of samples, showing a maximun at a $CO_2$ flow rate of 6.2 L/min. Both the extraction rate and extraction yield increased with a decrease in the aspect ratio of the extraction vessel. For the ultrasoundassisted $SCCO_2$ extraction, the extraction yield was slightly increased when the $CO_2$ flow rate was below 6 mL/min with sample A and B.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.1 s.40
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• pp.47-55
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• 1993

This study was designed to recognize the factors which can affect the normal eruption of the lower third molar and the eruption rate of the lower third molar in the cases of non-extraction and the extraction of first premolar. The sample consisted of 214 cases of extraction of first premolar and 119 cases of non-extraction, and all of these cases were divided into erupted and impacted lower third molar groups and were analized according to the pantomogram. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The eruption rate of the touter third molar was $54.67\%$ in the group of extraction of the first premolar and $35.29\%$ in the non-extraction group. 2. The early inclination of the erupting lower third molar has significant effect in the eruption of it. 3. In the orthodontic treatment, the extraction of first premolar is one of the factors infuencing the nomal eruption of lower third molar. 4. The available space for the normal enruption of lower third molar was greater in first premolar extraction case than in non-extraction case.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.76-89
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• 2022

The Lophius litulon liver was used as raw material for the extraction of fish oil via various extraction methods. The extraction rate by water extraction, potassium hydroxide (KOH) hydrolysis and protease hydrolysis were compared and the results revealed the protease hydrolysis extraction had a higher extraction rate with good protein-lipid separation as observed by optical microscope. Furthermore, subsequent experiments determined neutrase to be the best hydrolytic enzyme in terms of extraction rate and cost. The extraction conditions of neutrase hydrolysis were optimized by single-factor experiment and response surface analysis, and the optimal extraction rate was 58.40 ± 0.25% with the following conditions: enzyme concentration 2,000 IU/g, extraction time 1.0 h, liquid-solid ratio 1.95:1, extraction temperature 40.5℃ and pH 6.5. The fatty acids composition in fish oil from optimized extraction condition was composed of 19.75% saturated fatty acids and 80.25% unsaturated fatty acids. The content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were 8.06% and 1.19%, respectively, with the ratio (6.77:1) surpassed to the recommendation in current researches (5:1). The results in this study suggest protease treatment is an efficient method for high-quality fish oil extraction from Lophius litulon liver with a satisfactory ratio of DHA and EPA.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1175-1182
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• 2004

Installations of vertical boreholes for the ground source heat pump system are expensive to install. One way to reduce the initial cost is to increase the specific heat extraction rate of borehole system. However, as the specific heat extraction rate increases the temperature of borehole fluid decreases with the resultant lower Coefficient Of Performance in Heating(COPH) of heat pump system. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic informations about the performance of heat pump system with the specific heat extraction rate and soil thermal properties such as thermal conductivity and temperature. It is shown that the specific heat extraction rate is the most important parameter for the ground source heat pump system. To obtain the reasonable COPH value (COPH > 3) the heat extraction rate should be about 25 W/m or less. Accurate measurements of soil thermal properties are also very important to design the system properly. The effects of borehole thermal resistances are also examined in this study.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of soluble acidic polysaccharides from ginseng marc. Method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharides in ginseng marc. The amounts of soluble acidic polysaccharides in water extract of ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The contents of acidic polysaccharides were not significantly different despite the extraction time increasing from 0.5 hours to 6 hours. To estimate the rehydration rate of the freeze dried polysaccharide, the extracted acidic polysaccharide fraction powder was determined the amount of soluble acidic polysaccharides by carbazole-sulfuric acid method again. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of red ginseng marc at room temperature was 100%. On the other hand, the rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharides from water-extract of white ginseng marc at room temperature was 50%. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide of red ginseng marc at boiling temperature was about 40%. The rate of soluble acidic polysaccharide of Red Ginseng is higher than that of White Ginseng. We can find out the maximum extraction method of soluble acidic polysaccharide from ginseng marc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 1987

The extraction mechanism of Zinc from aqueous solution with D2EHPA (Di-2-Ethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid) dissolved in Kerosene was studied by the single drop method. The effect of the concentrations of reactant species on the extraction rate, Zinc and hydrogen ion in the continuous phase and D2EHPA in the dispersed, was studied for the drop rise period by the experiment. Then a theoretical analysis on the basis of Handlos-Baron modle was carried out. It becomes clear that the extraction rate was controlled by the neutral complex forming reaction at the drop surface from both analysises. From effect of the concentrations of species on the reaction rate, the extraction rate at the drop surface is considered to be as follows. $${\gamma}_{pn}=9.42{\times}10^{-7}\;\frac{[Zn^{2+}][(HR)_2]^{3/2}}{[H^+]^{3/2}}$$