• Title/Summary/Keyword: External injection

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A Study on the Interface of Injection Molding Parameter for Monitoring and Control (모니터링과 제어를 위한 사출성형 파라미터 인터페이스에 관한 연구)

  • Heo, E.Y.;Moon, D.H.;Park, C.S.;Kim, J.M.;Lee, C.S.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.31 no.7
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    • pp.585-590
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    • 2014
  • Recently, monitoring systems, such as POP, take a core role in scheduling or planning of manufacturing facilities for production, maintenance, and so on. Such monitoring systems require functionalities for real-time parameter monitoring and controlling to maximize efficiency of facilities. However, vendors usually do not provide internal communication protocols or interface to access the machine controller. Therefore, the values of parameters related to machine operations and controls cannot be easily accessed from external devices. In this paper, we propose an interface methodology for a real-time monitoring and controlling of injection molding machine parameters such as user input parameters, embedded sensor data and injection molding status information.

A Study on Performance Change of Gas Injector with Ambient Temperature Environment (주변 온도환경 변화에 따른 가스 인젝터 성능 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Ji-Yoon;Yang, Jeong-Jik;Kim, Jin-Ho;Seo, Ii-Won;Lim, Jong-Wan
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2018
  • This study tries to analyze the injection amount of injector according to the external environment temperature of CNG vehicle. Especially, We investigated the effect of low temperature environment on gas injector performance by measuring the variation of injection amount under the same conditions as in coldstart condition. This experimental compared two products with different spring characteristics. The experimental device consist of a fuel supply unit, a flowrate measurement unit, a temperature chamber, and an injector control unit (ECU). According to the test result, the initial injection amount of the injector is increased in the low temperature environment and the needle opening time is delayed according to the change of the spring length.

A study of structural analysis for plastic parts considering injection molding effects (성형효과를 고려한 플라스틱 사출품의 구조해석)

  • 박상현;김용환;김선우;이시호
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.217-220
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    • 2003
  • Due to the lighter weight and the higher freedom of design than metals plastics have been spot lighted in a wide number of applications. In the making plastic parts injection-molding process is one of the most general methods. During the injection molding process, filling-packing-cooling process, plastics have exposed to several external stresses and then plastic parts injected have molding effects which are known as anisotropic properties, orientation, and residual stress. Those molding effects are often shown as unexpected phenomena which are warpage, strength decrease, stiffness reduction, etc. In case of glass fiber filed plastics these effects are more significant than the ufilled ones. Therefore the molding effects have to be considered in the parts design using glass fiber reinforced plastics. We have developed the interface program in order to consider the molding effects in structural analyses of plastic parts using Heirarchical structural searching and layer handling in direction of thickness algorithm. The advantages of this program are the freedom of FE mesh between molding and structural analysis, the variable layer to the thickness direction of parts and the conveniences of data transferring and checking

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Efficient Organic Light-emitting Diodes using Hole-injection Buffer Layer

  • Chung, Dong-Hoe;Kim, Sang-Keol;Lee, Joon-Yng;Hong, Jin-Woong;Cho, Hyun-Nam;Kim, Young-Sik;Kim, Tae-Wan
    • Journal of Information Display
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.29-33
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    • 2003
  • We have investigated the effects of hole-injection buffer layer in organic light-emitting diodes using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), poly(vinylcarbazole)(PVK), and Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) in a device structure of $ITO/bufferr/TPD/Alq_3/Al$. Polymer PVK and PEDOT:PSS buffer layer were produced using the spin casting method where as the CuPc layer was produced using thermal evaporation. Current-voltage characteristics, luminance-voltage characteristics and efficiency of device were measured at room temperature at various a thickness of the buffer layer. We observed an improvement in the external quantum efficiency by a factor of two, four, and two and half when the CuPc, PVK, and PEDOT:PSS buffer layer were used, respectively. The enhancement of the efficiency is assumed to be attributed to the improved balance of holes and elelctrons resulting from the use of hole-injection buffer layer. The CuPc and PEDOT:PSS layer function as a hole-injection supporter and the PVK layer as a hole-blocking one.

A Study on Development of Automobile Interior Parts through Al-Insert Injection Moulding (Al-Insert 사출성형을 이용한 자동차 내장재 부품 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lho T.J.;Kim J.Y.;Kang D.J.;Kim J.H.;Kim G.Y.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.10a
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    • pp.170-175
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    • 2005
  • Generally, Aluminum is superior to durability, light, and characteristics of the material are embossed luminant. So, these characteristics of aluminum will be used automobile interior parts by aluminum injection moulding. Especially, The external of Aluminum plate is engraved differing pattern by roller working. This working can use any longer and be seen gracefully. This is the reason why aluminum insert moulding is used. This feature of research can be characterized by simple process to customize aluminum sheet of blanking and forming process with internal parts of configuration if products are injected by aluminum sheet. Besides, to analysis completed Automobile interior parts to be concerned volumetric shrinkage, best gate location, fill time analysis and so on through the mold-flow before the aluminum insert moulding is worked.

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Catastrophic complications from filler injection on external genitalia

  • Kwon, Byeong Soo;Kim, Jin Woo
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 2021
  • Soft tissue filler injections are widely used due to their immediate effects, predictable results, and high stability. However, as the use of soft tissue filler injections has increased, various complications have been reported. We report a life-threatening complication in a patient who developed sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. A 45-year-old woman presented with right leg pain and discharge from the labia majora. The patient had received a soft tissue filler injection of unknown composition 1 year earlier and had recently undergone incision and drainage for an inflammatory cystic nodule. Antibiotic treatment was administered for cellulitis, but the infection progressed to necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. Fasciotomy and intensive care unit treatment improved the systemic infection, but the soft tissue filler injection site did not respond to treatment for 1 month. Thus, the injection site was covered with a pedicled vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after wide excision. The area of skin necrosis on the leg was covered with split-thickness skin grafts. Infections occurring after soft tissue filler injections are related to biofilms, and treatment is sometimes difficult. Therefore, although soft tissue filler injections have a favorable safety profile, it is important to be aware of the risk of life-threatening complications.

Vibration-Based Signal-Injection Attack Detection on MEMS Sensor (진동 신호를 사용한 MEMS 센서 대상 신호오류 주입공격 탐지 방법)

  • Cho, Hyunsu;Oh, Heeseok;Choi, Wonsuk
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.411-422
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    • 2021
  • The autonomous driving system mounted on the unmanned vehicle recognizes the external environment through several sensors and derives the optimum control value through it. Recently, studies on physical level attacks that maliciously manipulate sensor data by performing signal-injection attacks have been published. signal-injection attacks are performed at the physical level and are difficult to detect at the software level because the sensor measures erroneous data by applying physical manipulations to the surrounding environment. In order to detect a signal-injection attack, it is necessary to verify the dependability of the data measured by the sensor. As so far, various methods have been proposed to attempt physical level attacks against sensors mounted on autonomous driving systems. However, it is still insufficient that methods for defending and detecting the physical level attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate signal-injection attacks targeting MEMS sensors that are widely used in unmanned vehicles, and propose a method to detect the attack. We present a signal-injection detection model to analyze the accuracy of the proposed method, and verify its effectiveness in a laboratory environment.

Glenohumeral versus subacromial steroid injections for impingement syndrome with mild stiffness: a randomized controlled trial

  • Yong-Tae Kim;Tae-Yeong Kim;Jun-Beom Lee;Jung-Taek Hwang
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.390-396
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    • 2023
  • Background: The subacromial (SA) space is a commonly used injection site for treatment of impingement syndrome. For shoulder stiffness, glenohumeral (GH) injections are commonly performed. However, in cases of impingement syndrome with mild shoulder stiffness, the optimal site of steroid injection has yet to be identified. Methods: This prospective, randomized study compared the short-term outcomes of ultrasound-guided GH and SA steroid injections in patients who were diagnosed with impingement syndrome and mild stiffness. Each group comprised 24 patients who received either a GH or SA injection of 40 mg of triamcinolone. Range of motion and clinical scores were assessed before and 3, 7, and 13 weeks after the injection. Results: GH and SA injections significantly improved the range of motion and clinical scores after 13 weeks of follow-up. Notably, targeting the GH joint resulted in an earlier gain of forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation in 3 weeks (P<0.001, P=0.012, and P=0.002, respectively) and of internal rotation and a Constant-Murley score in 7 weeks (P<0.001 and P=0.046). Subsequent measurements were similar between the groups and showed a steady improvement in all ranges of motion and clinical scores. Conclusions: GH injections may be more favorable than SA injections for treatment of impingement syndrome with mild stiffness, especially in improving the range of motion in the early period. However, the procedures showed similar outcomes after 3 months. Level of evidence: I.

A Simulation Study of a Chopping System for Extracting a Pulsed Beam from a Cyclotron

  • Kim, Jae-Hong;Hong, Seong-Gwang;Kim, Mi-Jeong;Kim, Seong-Jun;Kim, Myeong-Jin;Kim, Do-Gyun;Yun, Jong-Cheol;Kim, Jong-Won
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.537-537
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    • 2013
  • Cyclotron-accelerated ion beams are used for various researches, such as nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, biotechnology, and material sciences including radio-isotope production. Recently considerable applications are asked to the cyclotron development undertaken to meet user requirements of various ions'energies, intensities, and their pulsed beams. For instance, a cocktail beam acceleration technique rapidly changing the ion species and energies was developed to irradiating integrated circuit chips. Also a chopping system in a cyclotron injection line is considered for producing a pulsed ion beam with a relatively long period compared with that generated by the resonance frequency. For the research in neutron time-of-flight measurement, a single-pulsed beam with a repetition interval of the order of mili-seconds or longer is necessary to have a good resolution and to remove background events. In this paper a feasibility of pulsed beam with an external ion source is simulated by adopting a combination system of a chopper accompanying with a bunching stage in the injection line and an additional chopper after the exit of the cyclotron in order to produce beam pulses with a range of $1{\mu}s{\sim}1ms$ periods from a resonance RF cycle. The pulseperiod will be adjusted by chopping the number of beam bunches from the injected pulses in the injection line. However, the longer pulses will have reduced number of beam pulses and sacrificed beam currents. Because the beam users need an intense single pulsed beam, a careful tuning of the acceleration phase and a high-intense external ion source are necessary to achieve an intense single-pulsed beam from the cyclotron. It is essential to strictly match the acceleration phase of injected beams in the central region of the cyclotron to improve its efficiency. An effect of space charge at each pulse from the ion source will be also considered.

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Comparative evaluation of efficacy of external vibrating device and counterstimulation on child's dental anxiety and pain perception during local anesthetic administration: a clinical trial

  • Sahithi, Varada;Saikiran, Kanamarlapudi Venkata;Nunna, Mahesh;Elicherla, Sainath Reddy;Challa, Ramasubba Reddy;Nuvvula, Sivakumar
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.345-355
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    • 2021
  • Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of external vibrating devices and counterstimulation on a child's dental anxiety, apprehension, and pain perception during local anesthetic administration. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, single-blinded interventional, clinical trial. One hundred children aged 4-11 years, requiring pulp therapy or extraction under local anesthesia (LA), were recruited and allocated equally into two groups (1:1) based on the interventions used: Group BD (n = 50) received vibration using a Buzzy® device {MMJ Labs, Atlanta, GE, USA} as a behavior guidance technique; Group CS (n = 50) received counterstimulation for the same technique. Anxiety levels [Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS), Venham Picture Test (VPT), Pulse oximeter {Gibson, Fingertip Pulse Oximeter}, Beijing, China)] were assessed before, during, and after LA administration, while pain perception [Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)] was evaluated immediately after injection. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test to assess the mean difference between the two groups and the repeated measures ANOVA for testing the mean difference in the pulse rates. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Significant differences in mean pulse rate values were observed in both groups. In contrast, the children in the BD group had higher diminution (P < 0.05), whereas the mean VCARS and VPT scores were conspicuous (P < 0.05). Based on the mean WBFPS and VAS scores, delayed pain perception after LA injection was more prominent in the BD group than in the CS group. Conclusion: External vibration using a Buzzy® device is comparatively better than counterstimulation in alleviating needle-associated anxiety in children requiring extraction and pulpectomy.