• 센서학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

The prevention of noise induced hearing loss is very important, because there is no treatment for it. There are some kinds of devices for hearing protection, and those are effective in preventing a noise induced hearing loss. However, people often resist the use of hearing protection devices because it is difficult to have a conversation. Therefore, a hearing protection device is must effective not only in hearing protection but also in preserving communication ability. In this paper, we proposed a small acoustic filter for ITE type noise protector to solving the problem about the difficulties of conversation. That is applied a principle of acoustic filters that have been used for a muffler of automobiles, guns, and etc. To find out the sound transmission characteristic at the eardrum, we regarded an acoustic filter and external ear canal as a coupled system. So, we simulated the coupled system with OrCad, and experimented with a designed acoustic filter and a 2 cc coupler which has the same transmission characteristic as the external ear canal has. We confirmed that it is possible to adjustment acoustic transmission characteristics through simulation of electrical model for acoustic filter and external ear and experiments using designed small acoustic filters.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.447-464
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• 1996

Hyperemesis gravidarum is one of the most common symptom in the early pregnancy and if it cause severe malnutrition by means of heavy vomiting as a basic sign of disease of pregnant syndrome, appropriate treatments are necessary. In the clinics the methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum include herb-medication usually. But herb-medication therapy is rather difficult because during pregnancy it may cause vomiting by the smell and taste of herbs. So the author investigated the literatures referred to the external treatments of hyperemesis gravidarum excluding herb-medication and the results obtained here were as follows. 1. The external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum are various and include moxibustion, the method of applying drug at the umbilicus, ear-acupuncture method, pressure massage therapy, naso-spray method, acupoint injection, intervenous injection 2. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , the method of applying drug at the umbilicus is most variable and almost all prescriptions use Zingiber officinalis Rose, characteristically. 3. Ear-pressure massage method to treat the hyperemesis gravidarum uses the car-acupoints of Gan, We, Shin-mun, Gyo-gam. 4. Among the external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum , moxibustion, pressure massage, and acupoint injection select frequently Nae-gwan(PC6), Chok-samni(ST36) and Chung-wan(CV12). 5. In the both the internal and external methods of treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum one have to differentiate syndromes in the viewpoint of oriental medicine and treat with the principls of treatment and prescriptions which are fit to each differentiation model under the principle of regulating the stomach and relieving vomiting.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.184-186
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• 2004

A castrated male, 6 year-old Shih-Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg with a discharge from the external ear canal and a mal-odor was referred to Verterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were narrowing and focal loss of an air density in the left ear canal and bilateral thickening of the osseous bullae. For more detail examination, computed tomography was used. In computed tomographic findings, bilateral thickening of the bulla wall and increased opacity of the bulla space were observed. Thus this dog was diagnosed as bilateral otitis media. Then surgical correction, total ear canal ablation, was performed successfully and the patient showed a good prognosis thereafter. It is considered that computed tomography might serve as an useful imaging tool for otitis media and that it supplies information not obtained with a conventional radiography.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2002

이식형 인공중이는 음질과 주파수 특성이 우수하며 기존의 공기전도형 보청기가 가지는 고이득에서의 왜곡과 음향 피이드백에 의한 링잉 현상을 해소할 수 있어 차세대 보청기로 주목받고 있다 특히 두 개의 영구자석을 같은 극기리 접착한 후 코일내부에 위치시킨 타동 전자 트랜스듀서 방식의 이식형 인공중이는 외부의 자기장에 대해 영향을 받지 않으며 진동효율이 높고 자석과 코일의 간격조정이 필요 없는 동시에 주파수 응답특성이 우수하다. 본 연구에서는 이식형 인공중이에 사용하위해 개발된 타동 전자 트랜스듀서의 음향 모델을 구현한 후 정상인의 귀의 청각 모델에 적용시켜 트랜스듀서를 통하여 내이로 전달되는 신호의 주파수 특성을 해석하였다. 해석된 결과를 정상인의 귀의 주파수 특성과 비교함으로써 인공중이를 사용할 경우와 정상인의 귀와의 신호전달 특성 차이를 조사하였고 이를 통하여 정상인의 청각특성에 가까운 신호를 전달시킬 수 있는 인공중이의 설계가 가능하도록 하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2018

A 12-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu presented with suspected hearing loss. The patient had no history of head trauma or exposure to ototoxic drugs. The results of neurologic and physical examinations were normal. An otoscopic examination showed that both the tympanic membranes and the external ear canals had a normal appearance. However, the results of brainstem auditory evoked response tests confirmed sensorineural deafness in the right ear and indicated conduction disturbances and brainstem abnormalities in the left ear. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to confirm the causes of the conduction disturbances and brainstem abnormalities. Inflammatory changes in the left middle ear were highly suspected to be responsible for the findings in the left ear. The results of these examinations confirmed complete hearing loss in the right ear and indicated otitis media in the left ear, which could have been the cause of the conduction disturbances.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

After a research on appearance diagnosis and fish, bird, horse, and turtle types, this study concluded as following. Appearance diagnosis is a technique that exams five jang organs by color and shape of eye, nose, mouth, and ear. Four HyungSang types-including fish, bird, horse and turtle types-are evaluated upon the external shape that are created while type of seed changes. Appearance diagnosis focuses on five jang organs. Four HyungSang types focus on external shape, but are eventually related to five jang organs. Thus, two different techniques possess a point in common; five jang organs. The assignment of nose, eye, ear and mouth to the Five elements varies between two techniques. On the viewpoint of formation, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and movement, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and constitution. On the viewpoint of body/use and static/dynamic, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and constitution, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and movement. If nose, eye, ear, and mouth are assigned by on four HyungSang types, which are based on external shape, the assignment can be utilized in diagnosis. If, however, they are assigned by appearance diagnosis, it can be focus on treatment. Five jang organs and six fu organs are affected by internal conditions because they are located inside of human body, while four HyungSang types are affected by external conditions because it deals with external shape. If a disease occurs in the developed part of the body, it would be difficult to be cured because four HyungSang types depend on external shapes.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine some acoustic characteristics in the ear canal. It was assumed that a sound outside the external auditory canal could be different from the sound inside the external auditory canal. The acoustic signals were captured by a probe microphone placed at a distance within 1 cm from the tympanic membrane, and a reference microphone was placed over the upper pinna. Three vowels /a/, /i/, /u/ were recorded from a normal adult male speaker. The parameters such as the formant frequency ($Fl\simF5$) and the peak intensity were measured using a speech analyser, PCquirer. It was found that the entering part of the external auditory canal functions as a narrowing point as to the speech that passes through the free field. Results show that acoustic characteristics were changed for speech discrimination rather than speech perception.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2016

본 연구는 3차원 프린터를 이용한 보청기 이어 쉘 제작기법에서 보청기 이어 쉘 제작에 필요한 모델링 구조를 DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) 영상에 의한 새로운 방법으로 제시하고자 하였다. 실험방법은 DICOM 볼륨 영상에서 임계치 값을 이용한 3차원 외이도를 추출하여 3차원 프린터가 인식할 수 있는 표준 형식의 STL(STereoLithography) 파일로 모델링 표면구조를 비교하였다. 이러한 3차원 모델링은 기존의 귓본 제작 후 3차원 스캐너에 의한 인접한 등치선 사이를 3차원 표면조각들로 채워 모델링 구조를 표현한 방법들로서 본 연구에서도 DICOM 영상에 의한 삼각형 표면구조를 동일하게 만들 수 있었다. 이는 DICOM 영상에 의한 모델링 표면구조가 기존 3차원 프린터가 인식할 수 있는 동일한 환경을 제공해 최종적으로 보청기 이어 쉘 형상을 출력 할 수 있음을 나타냈다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.221-270
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• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2022

Objectives: To measure tympanic bone thickness (anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, and inferior wall), external ear canal length, and tympanomandibular distance that can be useful in cases that undergo tympanic bone resection. Materials and Methods: The temporal computed tomography (CT) images of 349 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The anterior-inferior, anterior-superior, and inferior wall thicknesses; tympanomandibular distance; and external auditory canal (EAC) bone canal length were measured from the narrowest part of the canal. The shapes of the EAC in the coronal and sagittal planes were also examined. Results: The numbers of female and male patients were similar, and the mean age was 49.45±13.95 years. The anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, and inferior wall thicknesses were 1.92±0.60, 2.54±0.74, and 9.16±2.20 mm, respectively. The anterior-superior and anterior-inferior wall thicknesses and canal lengths were greater on the right side (P<0.001). All measurement values were higher in males, except right tympanomandibular distance (P<0.05). A non-significant negative correlation was found between the age of the participants and the left anterior-inferior wall and tympanomandibular distance on both sides. Intra-observer agreement was high for all measurements. We observed four main shapes in the external ear canal in the coronal plane: Type 3, Type 2, Type 1, and Type 4 in order of frequency on the right, and Type 2, Type 3, Type 1, and Type 4 on the left. In the sagittal plane, we detected three shapes: oval (74.4%), triangular (16.3%), and round (9.4%). Conclusion: The anterior wall thicknesses and tympanomandibular distance should be measured on preoperative temporal bone CT to safely perform tympanic bone anterior resection, which is required in some otological procedures, and also to prevent temporomandibular joint damage.