• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2020

The conventional Kalman Filter (KF) provides a promising way for structural state estimation. However, the physical parameters of structural systems or models should be available for the estimation. Moreover, it is not applicable when the loadings applied to the structures are unknown. To circumvent the aforementioned limitations, a two-stage KF with unknown input approach is proposed for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and unknown loadings. In stage 1, a modified observation equation is employed. The structural state vector is estimated by KF on the basis of structural parameters identified at the previous time-step. Then, the unknown input is identified by Least Squares Estimation (LSE). In stage 2, based on the concept of sensitivity matrix, the structural parameters are updated at the current time-step by using the estimated structural states obtained from stage 1. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is numerically validated via a five-story shearing model under random and earthquake excitations. Shaking table tests on a five-story structure are also employed to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. It is demonstrated from numerical and experimental results that the proposed approach can be used for the identification of parameters of structure and the external force applied to it with acceptable accuracy.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of flow around a hipped-roof building representative of UK inland conditions are conducted. Unsteady simulations are performed using three variations of the k-ϵ RANS turbulence model namely, the Standard, Realizable, and RNG models, and their predictive capability is measured against current European building standards. External pressure coefficients and wind loading are found through the BS 6399-2:1997 standard (obsolete) and the current European standards (BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 and A1:20101). The current European standard provides a more conservative wind loading estimate compared to its predecessor and the k-ϵ RNG model falls within 15% of the value predicted by the current standard. Surface shear stream-traces and Q-criterion were used to analyze the flow physics for each model. The RNG model predicts immediate flow separation leading to the creation of vortical structures on the hipped-roof along with a larger separation region. It is observed that the Realizable model predicts the side vortex to be a result of both the horseshoe vortex and the flow deflected off it. These model-specific aerodynamic features present the most disparity between building standards at leeward roof locations. Finally, pedestrian comfort and safety criteria are studied where the k-ϵ Standard model predicts the most ideal pedestrian conditions and the Realizable model yields the most conservative levels.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2023

As well-known, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a powerful tool for parameter identification with limited measurements. However, traditional EKF is not applicable when the external excitation is unknown. By using least-squares estimation (LSE) for force identification, an EKF with unknown input (EKF-UI) approach was recently proposed by the authors. In this approach, to ensure the influence matrix be of full column rank, the sensors have to be deployed at all the degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) corresponding to the unknown excitation, saying collocated measurements are required. However, it is not easy to guarantee that the sensors can be installed at all these locations. To circumvent this limitation, based on the idea of first-order-holder discretization (FOHD), an improved EKF with unknown input (IEKF-UI) approach is proposed in this study for the simultaneous identification of structural parameters and unknown excitation. By using projection matrix, an improved observation equation is obtained. Few displacement measurements are fused into the observation equation to avoid the so-called low-frequency drift. To avoid the ill-conditioning problem for force identification without collocated measurements, the idea of FOHD is employed. The recursive solution of the structural states and unknown loads is then analytically derived. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated via several numerical examples. Results show that the proposed approach is capable of satisfactorily identifying the parameters of linear and nonlinear structures and the unknown excitation applied to them.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

차량 및 화물 고박불량과 횡경사에 따른 화물의 이동으로 인한 여객선 침몰사고 이후 화물 고박의 중요성이 제기되었고 카페리선박의 구조 및 설비 등에 관한 기준이 개정되어 풍속 7 m/sec, 파고 1.5미터를 초과하는 해상상태에서는 평수구역을 운항하는 카페리여객선에 적재된 모든 차량은 고박을 실시해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 평수구역을 운항하는 여객선의 해상상태에 따른 선체운동을 계측하고 NSM(New Strip Method) 계산 결과와 비교 하였으며, 대상선박은 풍속 6 ~ 8 m/s, 파고 0.5 ~ 1.0미터의 해상상태에서 최대 1.41° 및 1.37°의 종 동요와 횡 동요를 하였고, 풍속 10 ~ 12 m/s, 파고 1.0 ~ 1.5미터의 해상상태에는 최대 1.49° 및 2.43°의 종 동요와 횡 동요를 하였다. 선체운동 결과를 반영하여 외력과 지지력을 비교해 본 결과 고박하지 않은 상태의 지지력이 더 강한 것으로 평가되어 해당 기상조건에서는 고박을 하지 않아도 차량이 미끄러지거나 전도되지 않는 것으로 평가되었다. 향후 다양한 선박의 선체운동 측정, 외력 및 지지력 비교를 통해 보다 합리적인 차량고박 기준 개정이 요구된다.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

In recent years the USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) technology has been applied in the greenhouse in order to control temperature and humidity automatically. In this paper, we proposed a control algorithm using feedback linearization techniques based on a mathematical model for temperature and humidity environment. Especially, Control algorithm is presented to the operation of the ventilator affecting on the temperature and humidity system at the same time. The System has been designed taking into account the disturbance(External temperature, soil temperature, external humidity, solar radiation and wind). In conclusion, I will present a way to control multiple actuator through simulations. The proposed control algorithm is validated using the Matlab/Simulink tools.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2002

Pressure loads caused by gas, water and wind are the most important load cases in structural analysis. Often the pressure loads are approximated by constant directional loads since it is difficult to evaluate the exact value. However, the pressure load is defined as a displacement dependent one and it is necessary to consider the follower effects of the load in analysis procedure. In this study, the large deformation analysis considering geometrical nonlinearity for shell structures under pressure loads is presented. Finite element by using a three-node flat triangular shell element is formulated and the follower effects of the pressure load are included in the formulation. Some of results are presented for cantilevered beam under uniform external pressure and thin circular ring under non-uniform external pressure. The present results are in good agreement with the results available in existing literature and commercial software ABAQUS.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

항공우주연구원 중형아음속풍동에서 사용 중인 외장형 풍동저울은 영국 Aerotech에서 제작한 제품으로, 1998년 설치되어 2004년까지 70여개의 시험에 활용되어 왔다. 7년여 동안 풍동저울을 운영하면서 발생된 문제점 해결과 정밀도 향상을 위해 2004년-2005년 외장형 풍동저울 개선 및 재보정을 수행하였다. 본 논문에는 1998년 Aerotech이 수행한 보정 결과, 2004년 간이보정장치를 사용하여 수행한 결과, 그리고 2005년 재교정 결과가 수록되어 있다.

• EDISON SW 활용 경진대회 논문집
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• 제5회(2016년)
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• pp.377-380
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• 2016

Safety is the most important factor in skyscrapers. The fact that skyscrapers can contain many facilities and people is one of its many advantages. However external pressure such as earthquakes or wind might make accidents that lead to casualties. Because of its large size, small accidents still make big scale of damage. In this paper, we tried to find out what kind of factors affected the movement of skyscrapers using the 'One Dimentional Forced Damped Oscillation Interpretation Software'. Then we researched how to minimize the damage caused by it and the way to correspond to it.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2019

The speed trial of a ship is one of the important elements guaranteeing its performance under the contract between the ship owner and shipbuilding company. A speed trial at sea, where the tidal current and waves are suppressed to the maximum, can prevent measurement errors due to external force conditions. On the other hand, it is difficult to maintain a calm sea state in most sea areas determined by the influence of the tidal current, wave, wind, etc. Therefore, this study evaluated a method of simulating a tidal current, which is one of the external force conditions, at the speed test operation of a ship, and applied the simulation result to the plan of a speed trial.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.84-85
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• 2021

The fire that broke out in a residential and commercial complex in Ulsan in October 2020 was large, but no deaths occurred. For this reason, there was a difference from the previous cases, so it was analyzed through field survey. The fire was expanded to the entire building by aluminum composite panels constructed by external heat method and SMC panels in evacuation safety zones, and fire was expanded to nearby mart due to wind on the day of the fire, and there were many evacuation spaces such as 15th, 28th, and rooftop heliports.