• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

The strength of concrete is affected significantly not only by the internal influence factors of cement, water, sand, aggregate, and admixture, but also by the external influence factors of concrete placement delay and curing temperature. The objective of this research was to predict the concrete strength considering both the internal and external influence factors when concrete is placed at the construction site. In this study, a concrete strength test was conducted on the 24 combinations of internal and external influence factors, and a neural network model was constructed using the test data. This neural network model can predict the concrete strength considering the external influence factors of the concrete placement delay and curing temperature when concrete is placed at the construction site. Contractors can use the concrete strength prediction neural network model to make concrete more robust to external influence factors during concrete placement at a construction site.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 1996

The facial color is affected by age increase, health condition, internal and/or external environment factors and so on. Especially, the external environment factors in accordance with the influence of environment pollution that is air pollution, exert a bad influence of skin. The object of this study shall be quantified the facial color change in accordance with age increase, external environment factors. Therefore we have make the measurement about the facial color change of Korean women by regional groups. We've quantified through correlation equation, the rate of the many external environment factors which influence the facial color change (air pollution, climate condition, season etc.) As the result of the study, we have reach to know that CO, $O_3$, $NO_2$ has high relation with hue, value, chrome change. The facial color change is proved to be influenced atmospheric environment condition. Besides in hue and value in relation with meteorology demonstrates its link with the temperature, the evaporation quantity, the duration of sunshine of each region. Therefore we have instill cognition of the environmental pollution in accordance with external environment factor that was quantified. And we have reach to know this study affects cosmetics development of new concept.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.157-169
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• 2018

This study aims to examine the factors influencing user attitude toward Smart Home service as the demand of Smart Home service is increasing and it somewhat involves privacy risk. To this end, the research model includes five independent variables, trust in service provider, perceived privacy risk, self efficacy, interpersonal influence, and external influence, influencing the attitude toward Smart Home service. So, this study aims to analyze which variable is the most critical and influential among the five factors and suggest the direction of Smart Home industries. This study first reviews the literature on Smart Home services and describes its Korean situation. Data were collected from residents living in a smart apartment complex. The results show that (1) users have a very positive attitude toward Smart Home service in total, (2) trust in service providers, self efficacy, and interpersonal influence positively impact user attitude toward Smart Home service and interpersonal influence is the most influential variable, however, (3) perceived privacy risk and external influence dose not significantly impact it. These results imply that the role of service providers, self efficacy, and interpersonal influence are important factors on the user attitude toward Smart Home service. Finally, the study's findings and limitations are discussed and potential avenues for future research are suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of external image and self perfectionism on the depression. The survey collected 240 subjects from 3 university students in Seoul, Korea. The research period was from May to June of 2011 and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 15.0. As a result of this research, those with lower self image level, those with higher self perfectionism increased the depression level. It is necessary to develop programs for university students considering the fact that external image and self perfectionism influence on the depression. Moreover, it should be developed that solutions can decrease psychological pressure and overcome overwhelming expectation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.5-10
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• 2018

Nuclear energy issues such as safety and social acceptance can not only influence the production costs of generating nuclear power, but also the external costs that are not reflected in market prices. Consequently, the social issues affiliated with nuclear power, beyond a severe accident, require some form of financial expense. The external social issues considered here are accident risk and realization, regulatory costs, and nuclear energy policy costs. Through several calculations and analyses of these external costs for nuclear power generation, it is concluded that these costs range from 7 to 27 \/kWh. Considering external costs are required for making energy plans, it could have an influence on generation costs.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the influence of the condition with and without external support on the strength of hip flexor in supine position in subjects without core stabilization. Hip flexor muscles are very functional in the hip joint structures. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the strength of hip flexor in a clinical and precise way. Methods: Twenty subjects participated in this study. The double bent leg-lower test was used to evaluate subjects without core stabilization. The strength of hip flexor muscles was evaluated in supine position, both with and without external support condition. The paired t-test was used to compare the strength of hip flexor muscles according to external support. The level of statistical significance was at α=0.05. The intra-rater reliability of the repeated measures of hip flexor strength was estimated by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: In subjects without core stabilization, the strength of hip flexor in supine was greater with external support than that without external support (p<0.05). In addition, the intra-rater reliability with an ICC (3, 1) of the strength measurement of hip flexor with external support was higher than that without external support. Conclusion: In subjects without core stabilization, the condition with external support can contribute to the strength of hip flexor in supine position and the strength measurement of hip flexor should be considered with the condition with and without external support.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

Purpose: In general, when a company wants to build a brand, its brand managers research the market and industry trends and then make decisions regarding the brand architecture and brand positioning development. This study was conducted not only in the service industry but also in manufacturing, finance, public institutions, and a variety of other business institutions. This led to a statistically significant difference between the status of external mobile branding for each business sector, and brand commitment and performance. Research Design, Data and Methodology: External mobile brand communication activities influence on employees' brand commitment. External mobile brand communication has a greater impact on employee brand commitment than any other factors. Result: Among the three external mobile branding activity variables, the external mobile brand communication variables have the greatest impact on employee brand performance. This supports the arguments proposed by that external mobile brand communication has a greater impact on employee brand commitment than any other factors. Conclusion: As a result, public institutions, such as ordinary businesses, need to recognize that external branding activities that enhance employee brand performance should be a key management activity. In contrast, financial institutions have the highest leadership activities and employee brand commitment.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.71-89
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• 2015

This research empirically investigated the influence factors on the activation of environmental innovations (EI) in Korean manufacturing firms. In this study, external factors (compulsory demand, government regulation, normative pressure and imitative pressure) and internal factors (environmental resources, top management support, integration of environmental tasks, capabilities of environmental personnel, and environmental strategy/environmental management systems) were totally considered. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that influence factors such as top management support, environmental resources and integration of environmental tasks have a significant and positive impact on levels of EI. However, the effects of external factors were not statistically significant. We also examined whether capabilities of environmental personnel as well as environmental resources, which are directly related with degrees of EI, have a moderating impact on relationships between other internal factors and levels of EI. With a subgroup analysis, the moderating role of abilities of environmental personnel were empirically confirmed. Through a multiple regression analysis, the direct effects of external factors on the adoption or construction of internal factors were demonstrated. The effects of government regulation, normative pressure and imitative pressure on internal factors were significant and positive. It was also found that external factors have indirect effects on EI through internal factors. Finally, the results of multiple regression analyses indicated that EI positively influences the achievement of environmental competitive benefits, and environmental competitive advantages can improve the organizational performance of a firm.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2023

Given the increasing information overload among users of online review websites, understanding the manner in which cognitive costs are reduced and efficient information is made reliable has become increasingly important. This study targets a unique consumer review design and explores how reviews from an external peer-to-peer site embedded in an online travel agency (OTA) website influence subsequent evaluation behaviors. The empirical results indicate that (1) embedded external reviews with a high average valence tend to strengthen the influence of the positive evaluation ratio while diminishing the effect of the review volume, and (2) embedded external reviews with a large variance strengthen the positive effect of the review volume while weakening the effect of the positive evaluation ratio on subsequent positive evaluations. The findings provide practical insights for consumers and online platforms.