• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

The purpose of the research is analyzing how the emotional factors of the external apartment design can be influenced by the consumers' emotional reaction, and analyzing how the emotional reaction of the consumers will affect the expenditure of the apartment in the upcoming future. For this purpose, first, external surrounding factors of the apartment are extracted and then classified into three major design categories (instinctive, behavioral, and reflective design), and each factor is evaluated by the emotional evaluation. The scope of the research is restricted to the apartments in Daegu city which are built by Top 3 construction companies from the analysis of construction-working rank (May, 2010). The residential-expenditure data are extracted from D-univ. students, in accordance with the satisfaction of the external surroundings and emotional-reaction against the emotional-design factors of the apartment. This research is done by the statistic analysis program SPSS17.0. This shows that difference of emotional design by the apartment external space requisites will be significance as fundamental data for development of application and planning and apartment external space of emotional design by the apartment external space in the future.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to design a part in contact with the face of computerized tongue diagnosis system (CTDS), so that external light is effectively shielded even if the facial appearance and degree of protrusion differ when a patient opens or closes his/her jaws. Methods Each of the 4 researchers manually produced clay models of the part in contact with the face of CTDS. Shielding and contact feeling of the clay models were evaluated by 20 assessors. Based on the evaluation, we selected the appropriate model and produced the final silicon model. Then we evaluated the performance of the shielding of the completed silicon model. We took tongue pictures of 60 participants with a CTDS applying the silicon model in condition with external light and without it. The color values in RGB color model and gray scale of the tongue pictures in condition with external light were compared with those without external light. Results There was no significant difference between the color values of the picture taken in condition with external light and those without external light. Conclusions We concluded that the produced part in contact with the face of CTDS can effectively block out the external light.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

Today, the whole world is going through a big chaos due to the COVID-19, but paradoxically, the emergence of COVID-19 has been leading to the need for sustainable development, such as Green New Deal that can improve global warming and carbon emissions, and the need for sustainable architecture is growing bigger and bigger in the architectural field as well. The level of CLT buildings in Korea is at a very rudimentary stage, while CLT buildings remedying existing wooden buildings are getting the spotlight among European countries for sustainable architecture. This study was conducted to categorize structure layer compositions of overseas CLT buildings and analyze architectural techniques and materials applied by collecting and analyzing information about CLT structure layer compositions of overseas CLT building-related institutions, companies and cases. When classifying structure layer compositions of foreign CLT buildings depending on the roles of layers. it was revealed that exterior wall structure layers were combined and organized within a sequence of external finishing, ventilation, waterproof, board, external insulation, airtightness, structure, airtightness, interior insulation, interior finishing, sloped roof structure layers were external finishing, ventilation, waterproof, board, external insulation, airtightness, structure, airtightness, interior insulation, interior finishing, flat roof structure layers were external finishing, ventilation, waterproof, planking wood, external insulation, waterproof, external insulation, airtightness, structure, airtightness, interior insulation, interior finishing.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2023

This study aims to empirically investigate effects of motion repetition and external load according to joint motion on discomfort through an experiment. Eighteen college students (female: 9; male: 9) participated in an experiment measuring perceived discomfort using the Borg CR10. Joint(wrist, elbow, shoulder and trunk) motion, its repetition and external load were adopted as independent variables. The results showed that all three independent variables were statistically significant on discomfort. Participants' sex also significantly affected discomfort obtained in the experiment. While the interactions of joint motion and repetition, and joint motion and external load were not significant at α = 0.05, that of motion repetition and external load was significant. Based on the experimental results, four regression equations by the joints involved were presented, which could be used as a tool for evaluating postural loads by the joints. It may be postulated that based on the results of this study, scoring systems of RULA and REBA, and those of OWAS and REBA underestimates effects of motion repetition and external load, respectively. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as a basic data for developing an observational method properly reflecting the effects of motion repetition and external load.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2023

Welded hollow spherical joints are commonly used joints in space grid structures. An internal stiffener is generally adopted to strengthen the joints when large hollow spheres are used. To further strengthen it, external stiffeners can be used at the same time. In this study, axial compression tests are conducted on four full-scale 550 mm spherical joints. The failure modes and strengths of the tested joints are investigated. It shows that the external stiffeners are able to increase the strength of the joint up to 25%. A numerical model for large spherical joints with stiffeners is established and verified against the experimental results. Parametric studies are executed considering six main design factors using the verified model. It is found that the strength of the spherical joint increases as the thickness, height and number of the external stiffeners increase, and the hollow sphere's diameter has a neglectable effect on the enhancement caused by the external stiffeners. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a practical formula for the compressive bearing capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners is proposed. The proposed formula gives a conservative prediction on the compressive capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

Recently, many New Han-oks have been constructing in all over the country to popularize as a type of green house. But, achievement of thermal performance of external wall is still the very important issue to become popular. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the thermal performance level of modern New Han-ok through Temperature Difference Ratio inside(TDRi) analysis at corners of the external wall in Han-ok. Method: To achieve this goal, measurements were carried out in 12 Han-oks(experimental mock-up(1), exhibition Han-ok(1), happy village Han-oks(10)) by taking a infra-red thermography using thermal video system. Following are analysis items about connection joint between wall and wood columns of external wall conditions; the part between external wall and external wall(2D), external wall and ceiling(or floor)(2D), 2 external walls and ceiling(or floor)(3D) and so on. Result: It was analyzed that the probability of condensation at most of connection joint appear high and TDRi of 3D corners is higher than that of 2D corners in general. It means that the development of construction techniques about connection joint between wood columns and external wall is still required. The results of this study may be used to improve the construction technology of new Han-ok and as a basis for the specifying the desired thermal comfort environment of dwelling.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.268-294
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• 1999

External therapy is a very useful method in today. But a study of theoretical basis of external therapy is very poor in Korea. So I carried out to investigate of 《Li Yue Pian Wen, 理淪騈文》. And I translated and analyzed to , firstly. Wu Shi Ji (吳師機) was one of the physician in qing(淸) dynasty (AD). He wrote the 《Li Yue Pian Wen, 理淪騈文》 which is the first special book on the external therapy(外治法). This is composed of 5 parts. In these parts,

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.252-257
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of external scapular stabilization on the isometric strength of shoulder flexor muscle in subjects with and without scapular winging and conditions with and without external scapular stabilization. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with and without scapular winging were enrolled. Two groups were classified using clinical and diagnostic tests to divide the groups with and without scapular winging (15 with scapular winging 15 without scapular winging). The isometric strength of the shoulder flexor was measured using a tensiometer. The isometric strength was evaluated in the sitting position with and without an external scapular stabilization. The external scapular stabilization was provided with the examiner's hand to fix scapular winging during shoulder flexion. The changing value was calculated to determine the isometric strength difference between shoulder flexion with and without the external scapular stabilization in each group. The changing value between isometric strength of shoulder flexor with and without scapular winging was compared using the independent t-test. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: In the group with scapular winging, the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position was greater with an external scapular stabilization than without an external scapular stabilization (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the shoulder flexor isometric strength in the subjects without scapular winging between conditions with or without an external scapular stabilization (p>0.05). Conclusion: The external scapular stabilization in the individuals with scapular winging may increase shoulder flexor isometric strength in the sitting position.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.106-116
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• 2022

Background: Shoulder external rotation exercises are commonly used to improve the stabilizing ability of the infraspinatus. However, during exercise, excessive activation of the posterior deltoid compared to the infraspinatus causes the humeral head to move anteriorly in an abnormal position. Many researchers have emphasized selective activation of the infraspinatus during shoulder external rotation exercise. Objects: This study aims to delineate the optimal exercise method for selective activation of infraspinatus by investigating the muscle activities of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid according to the four shoulder exercise methods and two forearm positions. Methods: Thirty healthy individuals participated in this study. The participants were instructed to perform shoulder external rotation exercises following four exercise methods: sitting external rotation (SIER); standing external rotation at 90° abduction (STER); prone external rotation at 90° abduction (PRER); side-lying external rotation (SLER), and two forearm positions (neutral, supinated). The electromyography (EMG) signal amplitude was measured during each exercise. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and biceps brachii. Results: EMG results of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid in PRER, were significantly higher than that of the other exercises (p < 0.01). The EMG ratio (infraspinatus/posterior deltoid) in SIER was significantly higher than that of the other exercises. EMG activation of the posterior deltoid in SIER, PRER, and SLER was significantly higher in neutral than in supinated (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EMG of the infraspinatus in SIER was significantly higher in neutral than in supinated (p < 0.01). The EMG ratio (infraspinatus/ posterior deltoid) in SIER was significantly higher in neutral than in supinated (p < 0.05.) Contrarily EMG ratios in PRER and SLER were significantly higher in supinated than in neutral (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that clinicians should consider these exercise methods and forearm positions when planning shoulder external rotation exercises for optimal shoulder rehabilitation.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 2022

Aircraft pylon connects the engine or external stores to the main wing, and transfers the load acting on the pylon to the main structure of the aircraft. In particular, it should perform the function of separating the external store mounted on the pylon in case of emergency or mission performance. At this time, if the separation of the external store is not performed properly due to peripheral air flow or functional problems during the separation process of the external store, it may seriously impact the survivability of the aircraft. For this reason, to apply an external attachment to an aircraft, it is necessary to prove the stability of the external attachment in the separation situation in advance. In this paper, we present the result of the ground separation test performed to confirm that the external fuel tank, which is an external attachment, can be safely separated from the pylon. As a result of the test, the separation movement of the external fuel tank was measured with a high-speed camera, and the stability of the separation of the external fuel tank from the pylon were confirmed through the ground separation test. Additionally, the test result provides basic data for the stability evaluation of the separation of external attachments in actual aircraft.