• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2005

Green spaces in cities were insufficient and decreased as artificial structures increase. Accordingly, greening rooftop space contributed to urban ecosystems as green space. Especially, since 2002 Seoul supported rooftop greening and introduced 'Ecology-area rates'. Thus rooftop greening had the potentiality of extension. This prepared the extensive rooftop greenings within planting-base for extensive management rooftop greening system to be easily popularized. The extensive rooftop greening conducted from 1997-2005 reported that soil depth was 8cm and soil mixtures were 5 types. And plant were Crysanthemum zawaskii var. latilobum, Aster hayatae, Crysanthemum zawaskii herb. ssp. coreanum, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum rotundifolium, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum takemensis, Sedum middendorffianum, Sedum telerium var. purpureum, Sedum spectabile, Carypteris incana, Dianthus superbus, Hosta minor. As a result, for nine years after the modular type rooftop greening established, survival plants were Sedum takemensis, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum spectabile, Sedum middendorffianum, Carypteris incana, Crysanthemum zawaskii var. latilobum, Sedum telerium var. purpureum, Sedum rotundifolium, Dianthus superbus. Also effect of greening was possibled soil depth 8cm. And growth of plants from 1997 to 2005 were fine on two soil mixtures of 'perlite+peatmoss+vermicompost+moisturizer' and 'perlite+moisturizer+bark(mulching)'. Invasive plants are Ixeris dentata Nakai, Ixeris chinensis var. strigosa, Youngia sonchifolia, Eragrostis ferruginea, Aster pilosus Willd., Ixeris japonica Nakai, Valpia myuros, and Setaria viridis. In conclusion, selection of suitable native plants was possible extensive management rooftop greening with effect of continuous greening. The extensive rooftop greening were lightweight and simple preparation without management and can popularize readily.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2003

Focusing on native plants that have a high possibility of being introduced as extensive rooftop material, this study was conducted to realize extensive and easy-to-manage rooftop gardens and to raise the utilization of native plants by verifying their growing response to soil media and depth. Its result is as follows: 1) In the case of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, the top growth was better in sandy loam than in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$, but the mortality rate was high, making it unsuitable soil. Regarding soil depth the mortality rate was lower in 10cm than in 5cm, and it grew well in 10cm. When using it for rooftop gardens, it would be desirable to keep the minimum viable soil depth over loom. 2) In the case of Sedium middendorffianum the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil media and depth making it very suitable material for rooftop garden. Although the flowering rate was somewhat lower in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$ than in sandy loam, the mortality rate was low and the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. 3) In the case of Allium senescens, the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil or soil depth, making it a very suitable plant for extensive rooftop gardens. Although top growth was poorer in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$than in sandy loam the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. In conclusion the study revealed that suitable species for extensive rooftop gardens are Sedium middendorffianum and Allium senescens. However, Chrysanthemum zawadskii can be utilized greatly when fertilizing is managed regularly in artificial mixed soil over l0cm.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest sustainable management of rooftop greening areas. This research is conducted to analyze birth-and-breeding state of planted plants set in extensive rooftop greening, and to examine occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes, some features of invasive plants on which can make a basic material for management program of planted plants as a whole. The experimental site is on the rooftop green area of Seoul Women's University which was constructed in 2007. The using method was monitoring rooftop greening areas and analyzing occurrence aspect of invasive plants and its changes by planted plants. Invasive plants were investigated six times overall in April, June, September, November of 2008, and April & June of 2009. As a result, 26 families and 66 species were found invaded. Of which 14 species of Gramineae were invaded the most remarkably. Through these study, it could be inferred some features of invasive plants and major region for it. After the analysis get done about feature of invasive plants, it shows that some invasive plants of all 66 species in total came out, otherwise occurred in a certain time of season. Within the researches eriod showed a higher incidence was found in Artemisia princeps, Conyza canadensis, Coreopsis anceolata, Equisetum arvense, Erigeron annuus, Oxalis corniculata, invasive plant have a lower incidence of plants were identified as Aster koraiensis, Dendranthema zawadsbum. So, when the plan to set a management device regarding occurrence aspect of invasive plants in accordance with planted plants on extensive rooftop greening, it was found that a sustainable & rational management device is desperately needed there for invasive & planted plants of the target area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-96
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select herbaceous plants that can be used for presenting various views and biodiversity on the extensive rooftop greening. Experiment plots were constructed in July 2005 on the rooftop of the Administration Building in the Seoul Women's University. For this experiment, planters were used to design rooftop greening. The size of a planter is 500mm${\times}$500mm${\times}$100mm and each planter has the water storage plate in the lower part of it. The soil was constructed by mixing pearlite, vermiculite, cocopeat, and leaf mold in the ratio of 6 : 2 : 1 : 1. The plot was divided into the watered plot and the dry plot. Since each plot was constructed 2 times, finally 4 planters were constructed in total. One hundred species were used for the experiment and 9 plants per species were planted in each planter. Plants were organized according to types of plants and the experiment used 86 native herbaceous plants, 6 herbs, and 8 foreign plants. The plots were monitored once a month, from July to November 2005. The length and width of plants were tape-measured and covering rate was calculated by CAD program. "SPSS 10.1" was used for a statistical analysis. The result showed no significant difference between the watered plots and the dry plots. In cases of some plants, there were statistically significant differences between the watered planter and dry planter such as follows : Astilbe chinensis and Polygonatum odoratum which are shade plants were measured as the highest value on the watered pots, and Aquilegia buergeriana, Chrysanthemum zawadskii, Calendula arvensis and Gypsophila cerastioides D.Don which are sunny plants were measured as the highest value on the dry plots. According to the final analysis of the data collected and observed for growth condition during the first year of the research, 51 species including Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina and Veronica linaiaefolia in native herbaceous plant, 5 species with Lavandula angustifolia in herbs, and 3 species with Lantana camara and Muscari armeniacum in foreign plants showed the highest growth condition. In conclusion, it is suggested that various plants including sedums could be effectively used for extensive rooftop greening to improve landscape(a view) of the rooftop and increase ecological values.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to select suitable planting base for the mat-type rooftop greening in order to popularize rooftop greening system easily. The experiment was conducted from 2004 June to 2005 May under several conditions; 4 soil depths under mats(2cm, 5cm, 10cm, 15cm), two soil mixtures(natural soil 80%+leaf mold 20%, artificial soil) and two light conditions(full sun place, 20% shaded place). In this experiment, 3 types of mats were used ; the herbaceous plants mat(11 plants inclusive of Lotus corniculatus L., Silene armeria L.), the lawn mat with Festica arundinacea and Sedum mat with Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum middendorffianum. The result is as follows; in the mat-type rooftop greening, the herbaceous plants mat, lawn mat and sedum mat are the similar number of plant and effect of greening on soil depth 2cm, 5cm and 10cm, 15cm. So suitable soil depth of rooftop greening is 10cm for the load and economical factor. Thus the mat-type rooftop greening possible planting base depth of all 13cm as soil depth 10cm and mat depth 3cm. As soil mixtures, the number and growth of plants were better mat and 'natural soil 80% +leaf mold 20%' than mat and artificial soil. In herbaceous plants mat, Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L., Lotus corniculatus L. are survival in full sun place and Silene armeria L., Dianthus chinensis, Centaurea cyanus L. are survival in 20% shaded place. In conclusion, selection of suitable soil mixtures and plants is possible extensive management rooftop greening with effect of continuous greening. The mat-type rooftop greening are lightweight and simple preparation without management and can popularize readily.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

Rooftop greening is the alternative of urban heat island. The purpose of this study is selecting Sedum to the effect of temperature reduction of the rooftop greening. Since the state of growth is excellent, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum takesimense and Sedum middendorffianum surveyed as coverage. It was investigated that there is the effect of reducing the temperature. The effect of temperature reduction of Sedum counted compound was found to be associated with state of growth. When you construct a rooftop greening, planting Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum takesimense and Sedum middendorffianum is helpful to the effect of temperature reduction. Also, the ingredients various types of Sedum in order to reduce the effective temperature, it must be densified. It must demonstrate an additional effect of temperature reduction of Sedum through complementary and continuous monitoring of the future temperature monitoring method.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

본 연구는 저토심 옥상녹화모듈의 빗물유출 및 도시열섬 저감효과를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해, 저토심 경사 평지붕 녹화모듈의 저류 및 증발산 특성을 규명한 것이다. 이를 위해 기린초를 식재한 라이시미터(깊이 100mm)를 4방향(동, 서, 남, 북)의 50% 경사 지붕과 평지붕 위에 구축하였다. 그리고 저토심 경사지붕 및 평지붕 녹화모듈을 대상으로 연간 수분보유량 및 저류량과 증발산량 그리고 옥상과 평지붕 녹화모듈의 표면온도를 2012년 9월 1일부터 2013년 8월 31일까지 1년간 연속적으로 측정하였다. 측정된 자료를 근거로 분석한 녹화모듈의 저류 및 증발산 특성은 다음과 같다. 경사지붕 녹화모듈의 수분보유량은 눈이 오는 겨울철을 제외하면 강우 직후 8.7~28.4mm까지 상승하였으며, 무강우 지속 시 3.3mm까지 저하하는 것으로 나타났다. 경사지붕 녹화모듈은 최대 22.2mm까지 강우를 저류했던 것으로 나타났다. 녹화모듈의 강우량 대비 강우 저류율 예측식은 경사지붕의 경우 [강우 저류율(%)=-18.37 ln(강우량(mm))+107.75, $R^2$=0.79], 평지붕의 경우 [강우 저류율(%)=-22.64 ln강우량(mm))+130.8, $R^2$=0.81]였다. 경사지붕 녹화모듈의 증발산량은 강우 후 경과일수에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 봄철과 가을철에는 로그함수형으로, 여름철에는 거듭제곱함수형으로 감소하였다. 그리고 경사지붕 녹화모듈의 강우 후 일증발산량은 여름 > 봄 > 가을 > 겨울 순으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 일사량 및 기온의 차이에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 녹화모듈의 증발산량은 강우 후 3~5일간 2~7mm/day에서부터 1mm/day 미만으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 이후 완만하게 감소하였다. 이는 녹화모듈에 식재된 기린초는 수분이 충분할 경우에는 수분을 급격히 소비하고, 수분이 부족할 때는 수분을 보존한다는 것을 시사한다. 여름철 알베도는 옥상면이 0.151, 옥상녹화면이 0.137 그리고 겨울철 알베도는 옥상면이 0.165, 옥상녹화면이 0.165로 나타나, 옥상면과 옥상녹화면의 알베도에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 여름철 녹화에 의한 표면온도의 저감효과는 일평균표면온도가 $1.6{\sim}13.8^{\circ}C$(평균 $9.7^{\circ}C$), 일최고표면온도가 $6.2{\sim}17.6^{\circ}C$(평균 $11.2^{\circ}C$)로 나타났다. 겨울철 녹화에 의한 온도 차이는 일평균 표면온도가 $-2.4{\sim}1.3^{\circ}C$(평균 $-0.4^{\circ}C$), 일최고표면온도가 $-4.2{\sim}2.6^{\circ}C$(평균 $0.0^{\circ}C$)로 크게 나타나지 않았다. 증발산량이 증가함에 따라 녹화에 의한 저감온도가 선형함수형으로 커지는 것으로 나타났으며, 증발산량에 따른 저감온도의 예측식은 [저감온도($^{\circ}C$)=$1.4361{\times}$증발산량(mm)+8.83, $R^2$=0.59]였다. 무강우 지속 시 녹화에 의한 표면온도 저감은 세덤 수관에 의한 차양효과에 의한 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구 결과, 녹화모듈에 의한 저토심 옥상녹화는 저류와 증발산 작용에 의해 빗물 유출 및 도시열섬 관리에 긍정적인 효과를 준다는 것을 규명하였다. 또한 기린초는 무관수 저토심 옥상녹화용 수종으로 이상적 식물재료이며, 장기적인 도시열섬 완화라는 측면에서는 기린초의 증발산효과뿐 아니라 차양효과를 고려해야 한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.128-130
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• 2008

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.131-133
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• 2008

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2010

본 연구는 기 조성된 옥상녹화지의 동 식물상 모니터링을 통해 옥상녹화지의 생태적 변화를 관찰하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 대상지는 서울여대 행정관 옥상녹화지역으로 조성 당시인 2005년과 2009년 현재 식재 식물의 생존여부와 이입식물, 출현 동물군 중 곤충을 중심으로 비교 분석하였다. 식재당시인 2005년의 경우, 식물은 식재종 26과 100종이었으나, 2009년 조사 결과 23과 62종으로 나타났다. 이 중 식재식물은 14과 40종으로 줄었으며, 이입식물은 11과 22종이 출현하였다. 곤충은 2009년 총 9목 7과 21종이 출현하였으며, 육안조사법으로 8목 15과 19종, 먹이 유인포획법으로 5목 5과 5종이 발견되었다. 곤충은 주로 비행하여 대상지에 출현한 것으로 보이며, 문헌조사로 밝혀진 곤충의 특성과 연관하여 분석한 결과 대상지의 식물을 식수로 이용하거나, 서식처로 사용하는 등 식물과 밀접한 연관성을 보였다.