• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

The functions and uses of existing buildings are not properly changing as modern life needs. As a result, the frequent reconstruction(construction after removal) of existing buildings have been done but it became more and more difficult because of strengthening of regulations and systems concerning construction. And also it has several disadvantages like lower plot ratio and site coverage than existed buildings, enormous construction cost, production of waste-construction materials and thoughtless consumption of natural resources, which gives rise to environmental pollution. Therefore renovation is brought to the fore. In Korea, many business buildings were constructed in 1960s-1970s, during the period of high growth. Such buildings needs to be repaired in whole. It is caused by the change of social, economic, and cultural conditions and deterioration of equipments. Therefore renovation meets some necessary conditions; recovery of building functions and extension of building life span. In case study, the present state of renovation in business buildings is 1) Basic safety, for example, fire prevention and crime prevention, is great important. 2) Advanced technology, INS(international news service), IBS(Intelligent Building System), and internationalization, is pursued for adapting to multimedia ages. 3) It tries to promote proficiency, and to save the energy using spatial environment and natural energy(light and sound). Also, improving comfortable level of users and installing equipments for physically handicapped person needs to be considered.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1993

The Japanese-style houses built in the colonial age have changed through extension or remodeling since Koreans started residence after the liberation of the country. The objective of this study is to find out the influene of the cultural differences of the two nations on the living-style of the two nations from the comparative living-style viewpoint. 26 Japaneses-style houses built in the Ulsan city from the Open-Port year to 1945 were studied with the field survey method. The qualitative and the quantatative analysis were used. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Because of new materials and conveniences, kitchen, bathroom and toilet have changed into standing-type kitchen, bathroom and bathtub of cement and tile, and flush toilet respectively. The indoor toilets were removed and outdoor ones replaced them instead. 2) In the residential space the Koreans have altered the Dadami-room to the Ondol-room becaus of their own heating wywtem, installed glass or wooden doors for the seperation of rooms, enlarged the indoor space throuh removing walls, and developed new uasge of the Dokonoma space. The room of Zasici is most frequently used as the Korean-style Anbang. The wide space called 'living room' or 'maru' near the entrance hall. In conclusion, the guest-oriented Zasiki-style plan of the Japanese-style houses has remodeled into the family oriented Anbang-style plan.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2018

In recent years, vertical extension remodeling of apartment building is considered as one of the efficient ways to broaden and enhance the utilization of existing buildings due to the rapid development of population and decrement of land resources. The reinforcement of foundation is of great importance to bearing the additional load caused by the added floors. However, because of the additional load, the carried load by the existing piles would be in excess of its allowable bearing capacity. In this study, a conceptual construction method called preloading method was presented. The preloading method applies force onto the reinforcing pile before vertical extension construction. The purpose of preloading is to transfer partial load applied on the existing piles to reinforcing piles in order to keep each pile not exceeding the allowable capacity and to mobilize resistance of reinforcing pile by developing relative settlement. The feasibility and effect of preloading method was investigated by using finite numerical method. Two simulation models, foundation reinforcement with preloading and without preloading, were developed through PLAXIS 3D program. Numerical results showed that the presented preloading method is capable of sharing partial carried load of existing pile and develops the mobilization of reinforcing pile's frictional resistance.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2011

Apartment housings that adopt a bearing wall structure design, which account for a majority of the housing units available in Korea, are not free from structural constraints that limit the extension of their service life. The resulting need for reconstruction from the ground up requires a massive consumption of resources and energy, and triggers environmental pollution resulting from construction wastes. As a solution to such issues, the government enforces incentive schemes to promote a remodeling-friendly rahmen structure design. Green Frame, which is a novel concept of composite precast concrete structure to support rahmen structure apartment housing buildings, can address the constraints of bearing wall structure and conventional rahmen structure designs that limit the potential for remodeling projects, while reducing the term of construction. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of Green Frame and its absolute term of construction, and compare the terms of frame work construction in apartment housing projects adopting different structural design approaches to illuminate their differences. In the end, Green Frame is found to be capable of reducing the term of construction in apartment housing projects. As the term of construction is a very critical element of a construction project, Green Frame will ultimately prove to be one of the key enablers to ensure the success of apartment housing construction projects.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

The University library is a reality where facilities can be a massive upset by the space of students to study space and book materials. Also, many print materials can cause fires quickly in fires, resulting in massive amounts of human casualties caused by many toxic gases. This study purpose is compares the time spent in the evacuation of the current state through the simulation, which seeks to derive a reasonable library of evacuation design, and improved inside the evacuation. As a result, the most obvious way to reduce the time required to evacuate is to diversify the evacuation routes and to disperse them. However, if the extension of the gate is not feasible, it is possible to reduce the time of escape by increasing the width of the gate and the width of the stair. If the results of this study are applied to new construction or remodeling of the library and prepare for fire evacuation, it will be a much safer library facility.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The current study proposesto examine the external appearance types of urban-style hanok in the Bukchon Hanok Preservation District according to their use. For this purpose, we conducted a field survey from the 12th of September to 10th of October 2005, which investigated the location, condition md use of urban-style hanok that were being used for non-residential purposes. The external elevation of the houses were observed and photographed. The results are as follows. First, there were 158 urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes and200 cases of non-residential use. There were 69 cases of food and beverage spaces, 58 cases of small retail businesses, 38 cases of cultural facilities and 7 cases of convenience facilities. Second, among residential urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes, 131 cases changed the external appearance of existing urban-style hanok and only 69 cases maintained the original appearance of urban-style hanok or renovated the appearance fittingly to non-residential use. Among the renovated cases, 59 involved the construction of a firewall and 10 cases involved remodeling in a contemporary style. Among the transformed cases, 40 cases exhibited a full opening to the roadside, n involved the change of external appearance components, 14 involved the extension of the courtyard and 12 involved overall improvements to a contemporary style. Third, in the case of cultural facilities and offices, many instances reproduced an urban-style hanok in the traditional style, but small retail shops and food/beverage spaces showed serious deformation. Particularly small retail shops opened the side to the road or extended the courtyard regardless of the location of the houses in order to increase the store space and, as a result, severely damaged the urban-style hanok. In addition, many food/beverage spaces remodeled their external components using tiles, bricks or metals, which were easy to maintain.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2001

Radiographic findings of degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the coxofemoral joints were studied in 108 dogs referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were identified with a extended ventrodorsal projection. Clinical signs such as pain in the affected joint, exercise intolerance, lameness, crepitation on flexion and extension of the joint and decreased range of motion, were shown in 40% and radiographic changes of bilateral coxofemoral joints were identified in 69% of a group of dogs. There are no sex predilections. Thirty-seven dogs were diagnosed as canine hip dysplasia (CHD; 10 cases), avascular necrosis of the femoral head (Legg-Calves-Perthes disease [LCPD]; 12 cases), fracture of the acetabulum (1 case), luxation(10 cases) and subluxation (15 cases), however, luxation and subluxation were identified in 11 dogs affected with CHD and LCPD. Causes of DJD in others (71case) were not identified. Radio-graphic findings identified included osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule (70%), sclerosis of the subchondral bone of the cranial acetabular edge (47%), remodeling of the femoral head (34%), thickening of the femoral neck(31%), perichondral osteophyte formation (31%), joint laxity (30%) and so on. All of the dogs diagnosed as CHD were large breed such as Retriever, Germain Shepherd, and Weimaraner and their age was under 1 year. This condition occurred bilaterally in 70% of affected animals. Dogs diagnosed as LCPD were young (under 1 year), small breed dogs. The incidence of LCPD is greater in Yorkshire Terrier, Miniature Pinscher and Poodle. This condition occurred unilaterally in 67% of affected animals. Clinical signs of dogs with unknown cause were shown in 15% and this condition occurred bilaterally in 75% of affected animals. Radiographic findings varied with patient's age and breed, however, the most common finding was osteophyte formation at the attachment of the joint capsule.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.307-313
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• 2002

Urban style row-rise houses for rent have been supplied to the center of city from the 1950's first half The amount of stock is about 450,000 houses and occupies about 40％ in the private rented house. As for the structure, the 60％ of them is wooden-structure and the rest is non-wooden. Stocks of 57.5％ of the wooden-structure and 86％ of the non-wooden were built after 1981 years. It was 1981 years that the new earthquake-resistant standard was carried out, the improvement of stocks built before 1981 is necessary because those don't satisfy the present standard. To investigate the renovation possibility of urban style row-rise houses for rent, actual situation of two-story apartment at 2,4, and 5 Chome Taito-Ku in Tokyo was surveyed from July to November 2001. The number of building analyzed is 227 ridges among 234 ridges of the surveyed two-story building. 90％ of building analyzed is wooden structure. 1) The site of 88％ building surveyed is close to a road less than 4m width. It becomes the existing non-conformed building in the building construction act. It is impossible to make a renovation such as rebuilding, extension and remodeling because it requires the set back when renovating this type of non-conformed building, 2) The building built before 1981 is almost wooden-structure, and occupies 37％ of the building surveyed, and doesn't satisfy the present earthquake-resistant standard. An improvement of them is needed because the decrepitude of building proceeds. 3) 50％ of openings and 40％ of windows of the building surveyed doesn't use noncombustible materials. Though it becomes the existing non-conformed building, it can satisfy the present standard by replacing openings with noncombustible materials.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.3 s.93
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• pp.321-330
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• 2006

In order to remodel old aged reinforced concrete buildings, it is often required to extend the residence area of the buildings by increasing the slab area. The slab area is usually extended by attaching a new slab to the existing slab with hinged joint or rigid joint. Transmission of the loads of the attached slabs to the existing slabs depends on the connecting methods, such as hinged or rigid connection. In this research, 8 specimens and 24 RC slabs connected by rigid joints were tested. The new slab was connected to the existing slab by three types of rigid joints using dowel bars and longitudinal tensile bars. Main parameters of the slabs were three types of the rigid joints, anchor length of steel bars(0, 50, 60, 100, and 120mm), development length of steel bars(100, 200, and 300mm), and the spacing of the steel bars(150, 200, 300, and 450mm). The test results indicated that the flexural strength of the RC test slabs having various types of rigid joints was approximately the same to that of the slab without any connections.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.5-13
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• 2021

Expandable steel pipe piles have been developed to ensure stability and reduce construction costs during underground floor remodeling and extension work. Expandable steel pipe piles are more economical and stable than micropiles. Extensible steel pipe pile is a method of improving the performance of steel pipes by expanding steel pipes underground. In this paper, the changes in buckling strength according to the shape of steel pipes in an extended steel pipe pile were identified, a numerical analysis model was developed to determine the expended part effect of bumps due to steel pipe expansion, and the optimal steel pipe expansion was calculated through material tests. The larger the expansion diameter of the steel pipe and the greater the number of expanded part, the greater the buckling strength. Numerical results showed that the number of expanded part has a greater effect on buckling strength than the expansion rate. When the expansion rate is more than 1.2 times, it can be seen that as the number of expanded part increases, the effect of increasing buckling strength increases significantly. It was also noted that the expanded part effect of the bumps occur significantly when the extension angle is less than 45° and the expansion rate is 1.3 times higher. When the steel pipe is failure, the expanded rate is 20 to 32%, averaging 25.4%. Through the material test, it was analyzed that it is desirable to limit the maximum expansion rate for performing steel pipes to 16%.