• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Objective: Recapitulation of the spermatogenesis process in vitro is a tool for studying the biology of germ cells, and may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in the future. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into male germ cells using all-trans retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium. Methods: Human WJ-MSCs were propagated by the explant culture method, and cells at the second passage were induced with differentiation medium containing all-trans retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Putative germ cells were cultured with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium at $36^{\circ}C$ for 3 more weeks. Results: The gene expression profile was consistent with the stage-specific development of germ cells. The expression of Oct4 and Plzf (early germ cell markers) was diminished, while Stra8 (a premeiotic marker), Scp3 (a meiotic marker), and Acr and Prm1 (postmeiotic markers) were upregulated during the induction period. In morphological studies, approximately 5% of the cells were secondary spermatocytes that had completed two stages of acrosome formation (the Golgi phase and the cap phase). A few spermatid-like cells that had undergone the initial stage of tail formation were also noted. Conclusion: Human WJ-MSCs can be transdifferentiated into more advanced stages of germ cells by a simple two-step induction protocol using retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.440-446
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the In-line skate clothing interest of in-line skaters according to in-line skate involvement. The questionnaire was administrated to 124 male, 96 female in-line skaters aged over 20 living in Daegu. Data were analyzed by using Frequency, Factor analysis, One-way analysis of variance, Duncan test, T-test, Correlation analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; The factor of in-line skate clothing interest of in-line skater were classified into 5 factor, expression orientation, performance enhancement, information dependence, anti deviation, individual assertion. The in-line skate clothing interest, men have interests in performance enhancement, women have interest in individual assertion. The more experience of in-line skate they have. the more interest in performance enhancement they want. High involvement in-line skater have high cloth interesting of sub-factors which are expression orientation, performance enhancement and individual assertion etc. As a result, we need more deliberate marketing strategies for the experience degree, involvement degree and women in-line skater then men.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

Optimal protocol for efficient genetic transformation has been defined to aid future strategies of genetic engineering in pigeon pea with agronomically important genes. Transgenic pigeonpea plants were successfully produced through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation method using cotyledonary node explants by employing defined culture media. The explants were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain C-58 harboring the binary plasmid, pCAMBIA-1301 [con-ferring $\beta$-glucuronidase(GUS) activity and resistance to hygromycin] and cultured on selection medium (regeneration medium supplemented with hygromycin) to select putatively transformed shoots. The shoots were then rooted on root induction medium and transferred to pots containing sand and soil mixture in the ratio of 1:1. About 22 putative TO transgenic plants have been produced. Stable expression and integration of the transgenes in the putative transgenics were confirmed by GUS assay, PCR and Southern blot hybridization with a transformation efficiency of over 45%. Stable integration and expression of the marker gene has been confirmed in the TO and T1 transgenics through PCR, and Southern hybridization.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2005

DNA microarray analysis of gene expression in toxicogenomics typically requires relatively large amounts of total RNA. This limits the use of DNA microarray when the sample available is small. To confront this limitation, different methods of linear RNA amplification that generate antisense RNA (aRNA) have been optimized for microarray use. The target preparation strategy using amplified RNA in DNA microarray protocol can be divided into direct-incorporation labeling which resulted in cDNA targets (Cy-dye labeled cDNA from aRNA) and indirect-labeling which resulted in cRNA targets (i.e. Cy-dye labeled aRNA), respectively. However, despite the common use of amplified targets (cDNA or cRNA) from aRNAs, no systemic assessment for the use of amplified targets and bias in terms of hybridization performance has been reported. In this investigation, we have compared the hybridization performance of cRNA targets with cDNA targets from aRNA on a 10 K cDNA microarrays. Under optimized hybridization conditions, we found that 43% of outliers from cDNA technique and 86% from the outlier genes were reproducibly detected by both targets hybridization onto cDNA microarray. This suggests that the cRNA labeling method may have a reduced capacity for detecting the differential gene expression when compared to the cDNA target preparation. However, further validation of this discordant result should be pursued to determine which techniques possesses better accuracy in identifying truly differential genes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6863-6867
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• 2013

Phyllanthus emblica (PE) is known to exhibit various pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antimetastatic potential of a PE aqueous extract. Cytotoxicity to human fibrosarcoma cells, HT1080, was determined by viability assay using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol,2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent. Cell migration and invasion were investigated using chemotaxis chambers containing membranes precoated with collagen IV and Matrigel, respectively. Cell attachment onto normal surfaces of cell culture plates was tested to determine the cell-adhesion capability. The molecular mechanism of antimetastatic activity was assessed by measuring the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2, and MMP9, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mRNA levels of both genes were significantly down-regulated after pretreatment with PE extract for 5 days. Our findings show the antimetastatic function of PE extract in reducing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in both dose- and time-dependent manners, especially growth arrest with low $IC_{50}$ value. A decrease in the expression of both MMP2 and MMP9 seems to be the cellular mechanism for antimetastasis in this case. There is a high potential to use PE extracts clinically as an optional adjuvant therapeutic drug for therapeutic intervention strategies in cancer therapy or chemoprevention.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

A new communication revolution such as social networking service (SNS) has been transforming the way of interaction between people in both of individual level and organizational level. Recently many people have switched to closed type SNS such as Naver Band and Kakao group due to the several reasons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage motivation and satisfaction of closed type SNS based on use and gratifications perspectives. Based on prior studies on use and gratifications of Internet-related media and SNS, information motivation, relationship motivation, pleasure/entertainment motivation, self-expression motivation, work motivation were identified as usage motivation of closed type SNS. According to the results, relationship motivation and work motivation were found to be significantly related to the satisfaction. But other motivation factors(information motivation, pleasure/entertainment motivation, self-expression motivation) are not significantly related to the satisfaction. Then satisfaction was found to be significantly related to the intention to use. This study contributes to give companies providing closed type SNS and using it as a marketing tool with the base of activation strategies and practical implications.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.442-458
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• 2011

Digital textbook project is one of government-driven project to improve education due to integrating technology. Digital textbook need to be universally designed to fit for each student. Recently, universal design for learning( UDL) gains great attention as one of promising approaches for the development of the digital textbook through giving various options and flexibility to all students. UDL has three main principles, first provide multiple means of representation, second provide multiple means of action and expression, third provide multiple means of engagement. The purpose of the study is to analyze fourth grade science textbook according to three UDL guidelines and suggest implications to improve an existing science textbook. The results indicated that fourth grade science digital textbook has been partly applied UDL guidelines like implementing multimedia and multi- mode contents, learning and communication tools, and motivation strategies. But options which students can choose according to their needs and styles are insufficient and tools for expression and communication need to enhance for helping each student to overcome his/her obstacles for learning and need to be more and elaborate to support learner-centered science digital textbook.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.187-195
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• 2008

Reparative dentine formation requires newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells. Therefore, identification of the molecule that stimulates the odontogenic differentiation of precursor cells in the tooth pulp will be helpful for the development of strategies to repair damaged pulp. In this study, we examined the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the odontogenic differentiation of MDPC-23 cells, a mouse odontoblast-like cell line derived from dental papilla, and primary cultured rat dental papilla cells (RDPCs). NAC (1-30 mM) suppressed production of reactive oxygen species in MDPC-23 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although 5 to 20 mM NAC did not alter MDPC-23 cell proliferation, 1 or 30 mM NAC significantly inhibited it. NAC enhanced mineralized nodule formation and the expression of several odontoblast differentiation-associated genes in both RDPCs and MDPC-23. This NAC stimulatory effect was significant, even at concentrations lower than 1 mM. However, NAC did not stimulate expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2, -4, or -7, which are known to enhance odontogenic differentiation. Since reactive oxygen species are also involved in the pulp toxicity of resin-based restorative materials, these results suggest that NAC may be a promising candidate for supplementation of dental restorative materials in order to enhance reparative dentine formation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.154-163
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• 2013

This study is aimed to identify the expression and the sense of time in contemporary architectural space. And to classify the system and elements of Zeitlichkeit in the contemporary architectural design. The concept of time can be divided into two meaningful perceptions. Those are the concept of realistic time and the concept of subjective time. These tendencies of theories of architectural space has borrowed from innovations in the sciences, and the whole idea of space-time within art and architecture. Those notions developed through the researches of Bauhaus, Postmodernism, Landscape architecture, Digital Architecture and so forth. The result of this study is that the concepts of time are one of the most important strategies of architectural design and have the various languages which there was not in the past. At the point of the transformation in contemporary architecture, the The concepts of space-time are classified into those from the orders of form and space, from dynamic of the image in the dissolution of architectural form, from traces and steps of movement in dynamic form, and from the systems of commands in the digital softwares. As such, Zeitlichkeit in contemporary architecture means that the architecture moves from the construction of the sensual design elements into Art of life through events and contents which human can experience and recognize. These theories and researches reveal that contemporary architectural movements insert the meaningful stories into architectural space through programs and diagrams.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

The completion of many malaria parasite genomes provides great opportunities for genomewide characterization of gene expression and high-throughput genotyping. Substantial progress in malaria genomics and genotyping has been made recently, particularly the development of various microarray platforms for large-scale characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum genome. Microarray has been used for gene expression analysis, detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and copy number variation (CNV), characterization of chromatin modifications, and other applications. Here we discuss some recent advances in genetic mapping and genomic studies of malaria parasites, focusing on the use of high-throughput arrays for the detection of SNP and CNV in the P. falciparum genome. Strategies for genetic mapping of malaria traits are also discussed.