• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1197-1202
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• 2008

Present study investigated the effects of the 70% ethanol extracts of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG), Korean red ginseng (KRG), and Panax ginseng (PG) on agonist-induced platelet aggregation and activation in human whole blood. The $IC_{50}$ values for TCMG, KRG, and PG were 1.159, 3.695, and 4.978mg/mL for collagen-induced aggregation, 0.820, 2.030, and 4.743mg/mL for arachidonic acid-induced aggregation, and 1.070, 2.617, and 2.954 mg/mL for ADP-induced aggregation, respectively. Also, this study assessed the effects of the most active extract, TCMG, on markers of platelet activation by determining receptor expression on platelet membranes in healthy subjects, including expression of GPIIb/IIIa-like (PAC-1) and P-selectin (CD62), by flow cytometry. A significant decrease in PAC-l expression (p=0.018) was observed in the presence of TCMG. These results show that TCMG has potent anti-platelet activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.903-908
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• 2001

The gene aeg-46.5, which is expressed under anaerobic condition, has putative triple -10 regions and four transcription start sites. The mRNA transcription level and its start point change depending on the aerobic/anaerobic growth condition. RNA polymerase and its regulatory proteins must choose which of three -10 region to use. The putative triple 10 region was mutated to make only one of them function with consensus -10 region sequence (TATAAT) and the other two as non-functional region. The results show that the second and third -10 regions are used for the aerobic/anaerobic expression. The third -10 region is responsible for the high aerobic to anaerobic switch ratio. This suggests that only the last two of the putative triple -10 region have functions on aeg-46.5 gene expression switch control. The phenotype of the mutated promoter was tested in the wild type cell and narL - cell. The results indicate that the control by NarL is independent from the selection of -10 region. The expression patterns on multi-copy plasmids and on single-copy chromosome were compared. These results show that the aerobic/anaerobic switch control of aeg-46.5 is through the choice of -10 region. The mechanism of choosing different -10 region remains to be seen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

Data mining techniques can be applied to identify patterns of interest in the gene expression data. One goal in mining gene expression data is to determine how the expression of any particular gene might affect the expression of other genes. To find relationships between different genes, association rules have been applied to gene expression data set [1]. A notable limitation of association rule mining method is that only the association in a single profile experiment can be detected. It cannot be used to find rules across different condition profiles or different time point profile experiments. However, with the appearance of time-series microarray data, it became possible to analyze the temporal relationship between genes. In this paper, we analyze the time-series microarray gene expression data to extract the sequential patterns which are similar to the association rules between genes among different time points in the yeast cell cycle. The sequential patterns found in our work can catch the associations between different genes which express or repress at diverse time points. We have applied sequential pattern mining method to time-series microarray gene expression data and discovered a number of sequential patterns from two groups of genes (test, control) and more sequential patterns have been discovered from test group (same CO term group) than from the control group (different GO term group). This result can be a support for the potential of sequential patterns which is capable of catching the biologically meaningful association between genes.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2007

Open reading frame 4 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), designated as Bm4, is a gene whose function is completely unknown. With the recently developed BmNPV bacmid and a modified pFastBac1 whose polyhedrin promoter was replaced with ie1 promoter, a recombinant bacmid expressing Bm4-EGFP fusion protein under the control of ie1 promoter in BmN cells was successfully constructed. The result not only showed that the polyhedrin promoter can be replaced efficiently with other promoters to direct the expression of foreign gene in BmN cells by using Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus expression system but also laid the foundation for rescue experiment of Bm4 deletion mutant due to the ability of ie1 promoter to direct gene expression throughout the infection cycle.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed canine oocytes was $30.8{\pm}3.4%$. The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified oocytes was lower than that of the control ($52.0{\pm}2.5%$, p<0.05). The in vitro maturation rate of vitrified-thawed oocytes were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of fresh oocytes. The in vitro maturation and developmental rates of the vitrified-thawed oocytes were $17.5{\pm}2.5%$ and $8.8{\pm}3.4%$, respectively. This results were lower than the control group ($43.6{\pm}3.2%$ vs $20.0{\pm}3.0%$). SOD1 gene expression of 1~2 mm of follicle size were higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size. SOD2 gene expression of 1~2 mm of follicle size were significantly higher than those of above 6 mm follicle size (p<0.01). The expression pattern of SOD1, 2 was constantly expressed in both groups but strongly expressed in follicles (1~2 mm) group when compared to the above 6 mm follicles. SOD gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were significant differences in rates. However, RGS gene expression between groups the fresh and vitrified oocytes groups were no significant differences in rates.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.533-542
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• 2005

Objectives : In this study, aged BCAO rats were used to observe the effect of Bupleuri Radix on brain ischemic injury because aging is an important factor in storke. Methods : The brain ischemic injury was induced by temporary closing carotids on both sides in a low blood pressure state, and Bupleuri Radix was orally administered to 18 month-old BCAO rats. The ischemic damaged hippocampus and c-Fos and c-Jun expression were analyzed by the immunohistochemical staining. Result and Conclusions : Results are summarized as fellows; 1. The c-Fos expression after inducing a brain ischemic injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. The normalized optical density of c-Fos expression was more reduced in cornu ammonis(CA)1, dentate gyrus(DG) areas in the experimental group than in the control group. 3. The c-Jun expression after inducing a brain ischemic injury in the hippocampus was more inhibited in the experimental group than in the control group. 4. The normalized optical density of c-Jun expression was more reduced in CA1 and DG areas in the experimental group than in the control group.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

Carthamus tinctorius L.is known to improve fracture healing, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are associated with the formation and healing process of bone. BMP-2 and BMP-7 are two of the most important BMPs during the bone healing process. Human osteosarcoma MG63 cells and rats were used to determine the effects of Carthamus tinctorius L. extract (CTE) on BMP-2 gene expression. BMP-2 gene expression by CTE treatment in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells was not different from the control group until 8 hours of incubation, but was significantly higher, by 31%, than that of the control group at 16 hr of incubation. Microscopic findings of the 9th rib 3 weeks after fracture showed typical rimming of the osteoblast and immature bone formation in control and CTE groups. BMP-2 gene expression by in situ hybridization was remarkably increased by a CTE-supplemented diet in the fracture group compared to the control group. In conclusion, Carthamus tinctorius L. increased BMP-2 gene expression in human osteosarcoma cells and fractured bone. But further studies would be needed to elucidate the effect of CTE on fracture healing in vivo because our results did not show any evidence of healing improvement histologically $3^{rd}$ week after fracture.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.992-996
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• 2006

The study examined clinical effect of the 'Sexiang Shuhuo Jing' on serum CK and LDH activities and skeletal muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA expression concentration 140days after skeletal muscle injury in rats. The clinical research consisted of observing and measuring the serum CK, LDH activities and skeletal muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA expression, at the time of injury and during recovery. All experimental data were analyzed by repeated measurement with ANOVA on of SPSS(11.5v), accepting level for all significances was above ${\alpha}\;=.05.$ The results were as follows: That skeletal muscle injury in rats there existed a substantial increase serum CK, LDH activities and expression of skeletal muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA And Sexiang Shuhuo Jing treatment group's serum CK, LDH activities lower and faster recovery than control group. The 1 st day after skeletal muscle injury, Sexiang Shuhuo Jing treatment group's skeletal muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA expression was much more higher than control group, after 2 day's faster recovery normal level than control group. There existed a substantial increase again serum CK, LDH activities and skeletal muscle ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA expression 3rd days after injury in control group. But in Sexiang Shuhuo Jing treatment group's can't be found that.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is one of the master regulators of immune and metabolic cellular functions. HIF-1α, a transcriptional factor whose activity is closely related to oxygen levels, is a target for understanding infectious disease control. Several studies have demonstrated that HIF-1α plays an important role during the infectious process, while its role in relation to parasite virulence has not been addressed. In this work, we studied the expression levels of HIF-1α and related angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in human macrophages infected with promastigotes of hypo- or hyper-virulent Leishmania major human isolates. L. major parasites readily subverted host macrophage functions for their survival and induced local oxygen consumption at the site of infection. In contrast to hypo-virulent parasites that induce high HIF-1α expression levels, hyper-virulent L. major reduced HIF-1α expression in macrophages under normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and consequently impeded the expression of VEGF-A mRNA. HIF-1α may play a key role during control of disease chronicity, severity, or outcome.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.404-412
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• 2016

We hypothesized that supplementing finishing diets with palm oil would promote adipogenic gene expression and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissues of feedlot steers. Eighteen Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to three groups of 6 steers and fed a basal diet (control), with 3% palm oil, or with 3% soybean oil, for 70 d, top-dressed daily. Tailhead s.c. adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy at 14 d before the initiation of dietary treatments and at 35 d of dietary treatments. At slaughter, after 70 d of dietary treatment, tailhead s.c. adipose tissue and i.m. adipose tissue were obtained from the longissimus thoracis muscle. Palm oil increased plasma palmitic acid and soybean oil increased plasma linoleic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid relative to the initial sampling time. Expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha ($AMPK{\alpha}$) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) increased between the initial and intermediate biopsies and declined thereafter (p<0.03). SCD gene expression did not change between the initial and intermediate biopsies but declined by over 75% by the final period (p = 0.04), and G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) gene expression was unaffected by diet or time on trial. Soybean oil decreased (p = 0.01) $PPAR{\gamma}$ gene expression at the intermediate sample time. At the terminal sample time, $PPAR{\gamma}$ and SCD gene expression was less in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue (p<0.05). $AMPK{\alpha}$ gene expression was less in s.c. adipose tissue of palm oil-fed steers than in control steers (p = 0.04) and CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta ($CEBP{\beta}$) gene expression was less in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissues of palm oil-fed steers than in soybean oil-fed steers (p<0.03). Soybean oil decreased SCD gene expression in s.c. adipose tissue (p = 0.05); SCD gene expression in palm oil-fed steers was intermediate between control and soybean oil-fed steers. Contrary to our original hypothesis, palm oil did not promote adipogenic gene expression in s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue.