• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-50
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• 2001

Purpose : 체내에서 optimal한 dose distribution을 얻기 위해 도입된 IMRT를 시행할 때 사용하는 MLC는 기계특성상 장기적인 check와 교정을 요한다. 또한 MLC는 static하지 않고 dynamic하기 때문에 leaf position의 실제 위치가 매우 중요하다. MLC QA를 위해 QA 소요시간 및 노력이 많이 MLC position check 요구되는 불편이 있어, 삼성서울 병원에서 필름을 이용한 MLC position check device를 제작하여 간편하게 사용하고 그 우수성에 대해 결과를 보고하고자 한다. Materials and Method : MLC position을 check하기위해 사각형 의 device(acryl:$40{\times}40{\times}5cm$)를 제작하였다. position check device의 정확도를 위해 표면에 real scale 표시용으로 Pb marker를 2cm 간격으로 부착하였다. MLC QA film은 마주보는 (opposite) MLC leaf의 간격이 4mm로 set up한 상태에서 double exposure하여 marker를 이용하여 오차를 분석하였다. MLC position check device의 효율성을 평가하기위해 6MV photon으로 10번 반복 실험을 실시하여 MLC leaf의 평균오차를 조사하고 조사에 걸린 시간을 비교하여 유용성을 평가하였다. Results : 실험결과 MLC leaf의 평균오차를 조사하고 조사에 걸린 시간을 비교하여 유용성을 평가하였다. 범위는 1.45mm였고, 최소 오차는 0.34mm로 나타났다. 1회 조사에 걸린 시간은 평균적으로 약 30분 정도 소요되었다. MLC position check device의 효율성을 평가한 결과오차의 반복성은 관찰되지 않았다. Conclusion : MLC leaf position의 정기적인 check와 교정을 위해 본원에서는 주1회 정기 position error를 check하고 있으며, 평균 월1회 교정을 한다. 본 실험을 통해 MLC position check device를 사용하여 leaf 오차가 2mm이하의 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 MLC position check device를 사용하면 짧은 시간에 모든 leaf의 position error를 쉽게 측정할 수 있고 한 장의 필름으로 모든 결과를 평가할 수 있어 경제성 및 업무의 효율성도 높일 수 있었다.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.518-520
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• 2002

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality based on photochemical reaction and the resultant cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. The platelet thrombus formation leading to stasis observed in vivo during PDT is called vascular shut down (VSD) effect. To investigate the mechanism of the VSD effect, we observed Human Umblical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) injury induced by photochemical reaction. We observed cell retraction and blebbing after PDT. It seems that the injury was not fetal and only morphological change. Then, the cytoplasm was stained by Calcein-AM and subendothelial area was evaluated from fluorescence microscopy. The rate of subendothelial area after PDT increased significantly. Second, we investigated interaction between neutrophils and HUVEC. Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were differentiated into neutrophil by incubation with all-trans retinoic acid. Calcein-AM labeled neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC was evaluated from fluorescence microscopy. PDT-induced neutrophil adhesion to HUVEC depended more on the exposure of subendothlial area than on neutrophil activation. This result suggests that there is a certain interaction between neutrophil and HUVEC during PDT.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 1996

High Voltage Pulsed Current Stimulation(HVPCS) and Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation(MENS) have been used to promote the healing of decubitus ulcer and surgical wounds. The benefits of HVPCS and MENS are thought to include an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitive effect of two different electrical stimulation techniques growth in vitro. Using agarose-based media, the two bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli - which are commonly isolated from open wounds were incubated in an incubator for 24 hours following exposure to HVPCS(400 V, 120 pps, $70{\mu}s$) and MENS($100{\mu}A$, 0.3 Hz). We then measured the zone of inhibition around each electrode. Both HVPCS and MENS produced an inhibitive effect on bacterial growth in this vitro study. However MENS was more effective than HVPCS.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.2 s.58
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• pp.152-156
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• 2005

Ionizing radiation is a well- known therapy factor for human carcinoma cells. Genotoxic stress mediates cell cycle control, transcription and cellular signaling. In this work, we have used a microarray hybridization approach to characterize the cell type-specific transcriptional response of human carcinoma MCF-7 and HeLa cell line to $\gamma-radiation$, such as 4Gy 4hr. We found that exposure to $\gamma-ray$ alters by at least a $log_2$ factor of 1.0 the expression of known genes. Of the 27 genes affected by irradiation, 11 are down- regulated in MCF-7 cells and 2 genes induced by radiation,15 are repressed in HeLa cells. Many genes were involved in known damage- response pathways for cell cycling, transcription factor and cellular signaling response. However, in MCF-7 cells, we observed gene expression pattern in chromatin, apoptosis, stress, differentiation, cytokine, metabolism, ribosome and calcium. In HeLa cells, it showed clearly the expression changes in adhesion and migration, lysosome, brain, genome instability and translation. These insights reveal new therapy directions for studying the human carcinoma cell response to radiation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

Osteoarthritis(OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by fibrillation and erosion in cartilage tissue, chondrocyte proliferation and osteophyte formation at the joint margins, and sclerotis of subchondral bone. We investigated the effects of Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced experimental osteoarthritis model. Sprague-Dawley 60 rats of 7-8 weeks, weight $240{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into two groups including the sham operation group(15 rats) and ostoarthritis group(45 rats). Histopathological examination, Mankin's score, and the measurement of inflammation factor were performed. Histological findings that are similar to those observed in human osteoarthritis, such as disorganization of chondrocytes, erosion and fibrillation of cartilage surface, and subchondral bone exposure were observed in a MIA-induced osteoarthritis model. Saflanin-O fast green staining revealed that marked diffuse reduction of proteoglycans treated with MIA. The Mankin's score were closely correlated to the grade of histological findings. The level of prostaglandin E2 and C-reactive protein were decreased experimental groups. We conclude that Acyranthes Radix administration and Cervi Cornu Parvum aqua-acupuncture, and combination treatment exerts a beneficial influence on the cartilage lesion in osteoarthritis rat.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-150
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• 2004

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless, and malodorous 'rotten eggs' gas that results from the decay of organic material. It is a byproduct of industry and agriculture. The mechanism of its toxicity is primarily related to inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, which causes a decrease in available cellular energy. Because there is no rapid method of detection that is of clinical diagnostic use, management decisions must be made based on history, clinical presentation, and diagnostic tests that imply hydrogen sulfide's presence. Although there is some anecdotal evidence to suggest that the early use of hyperbaric oxygen is beneficial, supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. We describe an occupational exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas in 51-year-old man. While cleaning the sewage of pigs. he became unconscious. When he arrived in the emergency department, he had irritability and confused mentality. The typical smell of rotten eggs on clothing and exhaled air were enough to be considered to be exposed to hydrogen sulfide. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy was performed. He had a recovery to normal function.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2016

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a very disturbing and expensive disorder in which the exact etiology is not known and it is yet to be treated completely well. Most alopecia patients exhibit some inflammation in the hair follicles regardless of the causes. The clinical symptoms of alopecia present very diversely while the prime symptom is local intermittent fever which are related to inflamed cells. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate how repetitive intermittent fever can damage the normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells and investigated the cytotoxic and proliferative effects after application of new candidate drugs (ibuprofen, menthol, cetirizine) for alopecia in comparison to minoxidil. Results: This study demonstrated that ibuprofen, menthol, or/and cetirizine can prevent or slow down the damage of NHDF cells from intermittent fever in early alopecia. Aggressive preventative intervention with those drugs before complete destruction of hair follicle by excessive repetitive fever, is a very important step for alopecia therapy and these drugs are recommended as candidate drugs for alopecia in the future. Conclusion: Aggressive preventative intervention with drugs before complete destruction of hair follicles (NHDF cells) by excessive repetitive fever is a very important step for alopecia therapy or progression.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 2018

Objectives: The role of alloplastic materials in maxillofacial reconstruction is still controversial. Determining the utility of porous, high-density, polyethylene implants as a highly stable and flexible, porous alloplast, with properties such as rapid vascularization and tissue ingrowth, is crucial in cases of maxillofacial deformities and aesthetic surgery. Materials and Methods: Thirty high-density porous polyethylene implants were implanted in 16 patients that had been referred to a private office over a three-year period. These implants were used for correcting congenital deformities, posttraumatic defects and improving the aesthetic in nasal, paranasal, malar, chin, mandibular angle, body and orbital areas. Results: The outcomes of the cases in this study showed good aesthetic and functional results. The majority of patients had no signs of discomfort, rejection or exposure. Two implants suffered complications: a complicated malar implant was managed by antibiotic therapy, and an infected mandibular angle implant was removed despite antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Based on the results, the Medpor implant seems to be an excellent biomaterial for correcting various facial deformities. Advantages include its versatility and relatively ideal pore size that allows for excellent soft tissue ingrowth and coverage. It is strong, flexible and easy to shape.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the change in the lumpectomy cavity volumes before and after whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) and to identify factors associated with the change of volume. Materials and Methods: From September 2009 to April 2010, the computed tomography (CT) simulation data from 70 patients obtained before and after WBRT was evaluated. The lumpectomy cavity volumes were contoured based on surgical clips, seroma, and postoperative changes. Significant differences in the data from pre-WBRT CT and post-WBRT CT were assessed. Multiple variables were examined for correlation with volume reduction in the lumpectomy cavity. Results: The mean and median volume reduction in the lumpectomy cavity after WBRT were 17.6 $cm^3$ and 16.1 $cm^3$, respectively with the statistical significance (p < 0.001). The volume reduction in the lumpectomy cavity was inversely correlated with time from surgery to radiation therapy (R = 0.390). The presence of seroma was significantly associated with a volumetric change in the lumpectomy cavity after WBRT (p = 0.011). Conclusion: The volume of lumpectomy cavity reduced significantly after WBRT. As the time from surgery to the start ot WBRT increased, the volume reduction in the lumpectomy cavity during WBRT decreased. A strong correlation was observed between the presence of seroma and the reduced volume. To ensure appropriate coverage and to limit normal tissue exposure during boost irradiation in patients who has seroma at the time of starting WBRT, repeating CT simulation at boost planning is suggested.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2009

In this article, we review the efficacy of early interventions after traumatic incidents and during acute stress disorder (ASD). There are some evidences that psychopharmacological medications such as propronolol, morphine, and hydrocortisone are effective in the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in hippocampal neurogenesis and an animal model of PTSD, early administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is also fairly promising. Other pharmacological treatments including benzodiazepines did not treat ASD nor prevent PTSD. There are good evidences that cognitive behavioral therapy including cognitive therapy and prolonged exposure is a valuable intervention for ASD and the most effective prevention for PTSD. No contolled researches on eye movement desensitization&reprocessing, psychodynamic psychotherapy and hypnotherapy have performed. Recent randomized controlled studies using psychological debriefing did not prove as a useful intervention for the prevention of PTSD until now, although the efficacy of debriefing has been at the centre of controversy.