• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the export rate of suspended sediment by different precipitation intensity after forest road construction for torrential streams on three different watersheds with various forest road density(Watershed A : 6.67m/ha, Watershed B : 5.52m/ha, and Watershed C : control) in the Experimental Forest of Kangwon National University. The results were as follows. 1. Closely related to the the amount of rainfall in both 1994 and 1995, the average streanfkiw rate was less than $0.25{\times}10^4m^3/day$ during May and June and $5.0{\times}10^4m^3/day$ during July and August. More than $25{\times}10^4m^3/day$ of streanflow rate was occurred twice in 1994 and seven times in 1995. 2. The amount of suspended sediment in three watersheds was less than standard of drinking water(25mg/l) before road construction with daily rainfall of 74mm, 92mm, and 120mm in 1994, also after road construction with daily rainfall of 21mm and 47mm in 1995. But, under the 192mm of daily rainfall, Watershed C did not show the difference in the amount of suspended sediment, however, Watershed A and B produced 1,525mg/l and 775mg/l, respectively, which is 61 and 31 fold of stabdard of drinking water, and construction to export for 35 hours after rainfall. 3. The maximum amount of suspended sediment was less than the standard of drinking water with light rainfall before and after road construction. Under the 192mm of daily rainfall, the maximum amounts of suspended sediment in Watershed A and B were 13,150mg/l and 2,690mg/l, of 526 and 108 fold of standard of drinking water, respectively, showing obvious water pollution by sedimentation. Results of the study indicated that the forest road construction had great influence on the sedimentation, and getting increased by higher road density and heavier rainfall. Therefore such practices as vegetation covering and soil erosion control facility should be established accompanying with forest road construction to prevent from sedimentation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.53-71
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• 2014

This study analysis the current status and policies of Korean Medium Sized Enterprises, and compared with those of U.S and Germany Recently the number of Korean Medium Sized Enterprises is highly increased. But the average sales, employment, and export which can be the indicator for growth were decreased, particularly the decrease of R&D intensity was remarkable. There are 3 policies suggestions necessary to accelerate growth of Medium Sized Enterprises. First, reform the system for Medium Sized Enterprises to grow their activity. There need to direct support as well as arrange governmental regulation. Second, need to increase R&D aid for enhance innovative competence of MSE. Lone-term continuous support for R&D is most import for promoting competitive Medium Sized Enterprises. And the lastly, for successful supporting policy there need to modify the comprehensive criterion for present Medium Sized Enterprises.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2014

Reclaimed lands, expected as high-tech export horticultural complex, have unusual light environments due to sea fog. For adequate greenhouse design at reclaimed land, spatial light distributions in greenhouse should be required considering diffusive and direct lights. The objectives of this study were to analyze light environments and estimate spatial light distributions in greenhouse at reclaimed land by 3D greenhouse models. Total and diffusive lights were compared between reclaimed land and inland. For verification of the 3D greenhouse models, spatial light distributions and measured light intensities in greenhouse were compared with the estimated ones. Light environments at reclaimed land showed a higher diffusive irradiation than at inland, especially near sunrise and sunset. The estimated spatial light distributions in greenhouse showed good agreements with the measured ones. By using this method, we could estimate the average light intensity with time and spatial light distributions in greenhouse at specific outside light conditions. This result will be useful for analysis of light environments but also estimation of crop light inception in greenhouse at reclaimed land.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 2013

Labor share of income in Korea has fallen from 90% in 1996 to 79% in 2010. This paper explores the factors driving the movements in the labor share of income based on a panel dataset containing 19 years of data on 18 Korean manufacturing industries. The effects of technical progress, globalization and the bargaining power of labor and capital on the labor share of income are tested for the period of 1991-2009. The main empirical results are as follows. (1) Capital-aug menting technical prog ress measured by capital-labor ratio and R&D intensity has a negative effect on the labor share. (2) Market openness measured by the value of export and import as a ratio to value-added production is found to have a positive impact. (3) Globalization of production measured by inward-FDI and outward-FDI as a ratio to total domestic fixed capital is found to have a negative impact on the labor share. (4) Union density is found to have had a statistically significant effect in 1991-1998. This finding is consistent with the efficient bargain model in which firms and workers bargain over both wages and employment. But union density is insignificant in 2000-2009. This implies that since the financial crisis in 1997, the bargaining institution in Korea has been approaching the right-to-manage model in which firms and unions bargain over wages and then firms set employment unilaterally. (5) Variables for domestic financialization measured by dividend-income ratio and financial-fixed assets ratio have an insignificant effect on labor share.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.184-193
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• 2021

This paper investigates the performance of technology innovation activities performed by firms in 16 major regions in Korea using 2002-2010 survey data by STEPI. The theoretical and empirical analysis is carried out via the 2 models which are the simple R&D - total revenue model and Cobb-Douglas model based on the simple model adding labor variable. The main results shows that for simple model, the R&D elasticity for total revenue is 0.42 for all areas and Ul-San shows the highest elasticity level, 0.66 and Bu-San the lowest level, 0.2. In case of Cobb Douglas model the R&D elasticities are not statistically significant for many regions. To overcome the low statistical significance, we grouped the 15 regions for 3 wider regions using ANOVA based on the R&D intensity for the homogeneity of R&D activities. By grouping, each region has more observations to analyze and the results from the empirical analysis shows higher statistical significance level and data explanation capability. In this case, Group 3 which shows larger firm size and slightly higher export share shows the highest level of R&D elasticity, 0.088 and Group 1 which has the smallest firm size and the lowest revenue growth rate shows the lowest level, 0.31. For the labor elasticity, Group 1 shows the higest level, 1.16 and Group2 the lowest level, 1.096. These results show that the regions which have many middle and small firms reveal low R&D-revenue elasticity and high labor-revenue elasticity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1970

There are 19 species of bamboo in Korea, among which few are of commercial value. The Phyllostachys has wide range of utilization, for sea weed production, industrial production of various bamboo wares, etc. The total export from Chenla-Namdo to some more than ten countries was recorded 204,000,000 won worth in 1969. As civilization develops so does the techniques of bamboo works, and they in turn accelerate the demand for bamboo wood of better quality. In the light of this trend, the author attempted to make bamboo plants to develope a quadragular culm with elaborate design as disired instead of the original round one, with the expectation that it might be widely welcomed by hand workers, interior decorators. Here are some facts found out in this experiment: 1). The greater the diameter of the shoot at the eye level was, the better result was brought, and as shown in Fig. 5 the rate of success was 72% with the shoots of 7.5 cm thick. 2). The shoots of 30 cm in length showed 100% of success, developing into a desired quadrangular culms without fail(See Fig. 6). 3). The intensity of wood fiber increased as time lapsed, without receiving any influence by the weather (See Fig. 7, 8). 4). During the growing, the culm proved to be flexible enough to bend up to 90 degree (See Fig. 9). 5). In an attempt to promote the value of bamboo by decoration, the author tried to impress rectangular indents on the culm. The indention using a qudangular board 1cm smaller in width than the shoot diameter gave 100% success (See Fig. 10). 6). Design experiment was also successful both in coloration and impressing and the resulting designs delicately depended on the kinds of chemicals used and their combination (Table 2) (See Fig. 12, 13, 14). With the above mentioned findings, the author concludes that the mass production of quadrangular bamboo culm is quite a promissing as an new industry to develope bamboo works to a more valuable one. This research was carried out with the research fund provided by the Ministry of Education in 1969.