• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.80-91
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• 2019

Purpose: This study attempted to develop a scale that measures the level of patients' recognition of the nurses' care, based on Watson's caring theory, and confirmed its reliability and validity. Methods: The items were developed through a literature review and an expert content validity test. The questionnaires were administered to 285 inpatients of internal medicine and surgical units at two general hospitals. Construct validity was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. Results: This process resulted in a preliminary scale composed of 34 items; We used item analysis and five exploratory factor analyses, and consequently selected 14 items composed of three factors (respect, genuineness, and relationality). The confirmatory factor analysis verified the model fit and convergent and discriminant validity of the final items; criterion validity was confirmed with the positive correlation with the measurement scale of the patient-perceived quality of nursing. The overall scale reliability had a Cronbach's alpha of .92, which indicated internal consistency and reliability. Conclusion: The developed scale showed content, construct, and criterion validity, and reliability, as well as convergent validity for each item and discriminant validity between the factors. This makes it suitable for use in a diverse range of future studies on nurse communication using structural equation models.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2022

Purpose: In this logistics disturbance period, this study conducts research of distribution and logistics firms in Korea. The purpose of this exploratory research is to analyze global competitive capability influence on business performance. And give managerial implications and contribute to academics. Research design, data, and methodology: This research empirically analyzes the relationship between global competitive capability and business performance. As for business performance this research considered non-financial performance and measured with business performance fulfillment. As for antecedent variables, this research measured three global competitive capability constructs; preparation, utilization, intensive capability. And each construct includes two capability concepts. This study used 2,316 executing direct export distribution and logistics industry firmsfrom KOTRA's GCL data. This research used frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and step-wise regression analysis by SPSS26. Results: The result shows that all the variables except export infra showed statistically significant. As results show, mid/long strategy & global mind of preparation capability, both communication and marketing of utilization capability and market strategy and product/goods/service of intensive capability give a positive influence on business performance fulfillment. Conclusions: Based on the results, this research provide implication for practical management, contribution to academic, and suggestion for feature research.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.487-489
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• 2021

우리나라 여성의 대부분은 결혼부터 재취업에 이르는 생애사건으로 인한 노동시장으로의 재접근이 매우 어려운 상황으로 생애과정에서 경제활동 및 비경제활동 인구를 오가며 지위의 변화를 경험하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경력단절여성이 취업에 도움이 될 수 있는 요인으로 자격증을 고려하여 연구를 수행하였다. 데이터의 분석 방법으로는 구조적 특성을 알아내기 위한 통계적 기법인 탐색적 분석(Exploratory Data Analysis : EDA) 방법을 사용하였다. 우리나라 경력단절여성을 위한 직업훈련과정 데이터를 활용하여 자격증 취득이 취업에 얼마나 많은 도움이 되는지 연구하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper aims to provide a step-by-step approach to factor analytic procedures, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and to offer a guideline for factor analysis. Authors have argued that the results of PCA and EFA are substantially similar. Additionally, they assert that PCA is a more appropriate technique for factor analysis because PCA produces easily interpreted results that are likely to be the basis of better decisions. For these reasons, many researchers have used PCA as a technique instead of EFA. However, these techniques are clearly different. PCA should be used for data reduction. On the other hand, EFA has been tailored to identify any underlying factor structure, a set of measured variables that cause the manifest variables to covary. Thus, it is needed for a guideline and for procedures to use in factor analysis. To date, however, these two techniques have been indiscriminately misused. Research design, data, and methodology - This research conducted a literature review. For this, we summarized the meaningful and consistent arguments and drew up guidelines and suggested procedures for rigorous EFA. Results - PCA can be used instead of common factor analysis when all measured variables have high communality. However, common factor analysis is recommended for EFA. First, researchers should evaluate the sample size and check for sampling adequacy before conducting factor analysis. If these conditions are not satisfied, then the next steps cannot be followed. Sample size must be at least 100 with communality above 0.5 and a minimum subject to item ratio of at least 5:1, with a minimum of five items in EFA. Next, Bartlett's sphericity test and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) measure should be assessed for sampling adequacy. The chi-square value for Bartlett's test should be significant. In addition, a KMO of more than 0.8 is recommended. The next step is to conduct a factor analysis. The analysis is composed of three stages. The first stage determines a rotation technique. Generally, ML or PAF will suggest to researchers the best results. Selection of one of the two techniques heavily hinges on data normality. ML requires normally distributed data; on the other hand, PAF does not. The second step is associated with determining the number of factors to retain in the EFA. The best way to determine the number of factors to retain is to apply three methods including eigenvalues greater than 1.0, the scree plot test, and the variance extracted. The last step is to select one of two rotation methods: orthogonal or oblique. If the research suggests some variables that are correlated to each other, then the oblique method should be selected for factor rotation because the method assumes all factors are correlated in the research. If not, the orthogonal method is possible for factor rotation. Conclusions - Recommendations are offered for the best factor analytic practice for empirical research.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.543-553
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• 2002

Principal component analysis is applied to reduce p-dimensions into q-dimensions ( $q {\leq} p$). Any partition of a collection of data points with p and q variables generated by the application of six hierarchical clustering methods is re-classified by discriminant analysis. From the application of discriminant analysis through each hierarchical clustering method, correct classification ratios are obtained. The results illustrate which method is more reasonable in exploratory data analysis.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.163-183
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• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 개정 교육과정에 따라 초등학교 수학 실험용 교과서에 신설된 활동인 탐구 활동과 이야기 마당을 다루는 수업에서 교사와 학생의 수학적 의사소통이 어떻게 이루어지는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 1, 2학년 각각 두 교실의 수업을 관찰하고 수학적 의사소통을 질문하기, 설명하기, 수학적 아이디어의 근원의 세 요소로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들의 사고과정에 초점을 두고 학생들의 아이디어를 탐색한 교실이 있는 반면에, 정답을 도출하는데 초점을 두거나 학생들의 아이디어를 깊이 탐구하지 않고 교사가 직접 아이디어를 평가하는 교실이 있었다. 특히, 탐구 활동보다는 이야기 마당을 다루는 수업에서 이러한 경향이 더 많이 나타났으며 이는 교사들이 이야기를 통하여 수학 수업을 진행하는데 익숙하지 않고 교사용 지도서에도 구체적인 발문이나 학생들의 예상 답안을제시하지 않은데 원인이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 실험 적용에서 드러나는 수학적 의사 소통을 면밀히 분석함으로써 추후 탐구 활동과 이야기 마당 관련 수업에서의 지도 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2001

When an appropriate model is fitted to explain a certain categorical data, outlying cell detection plays very important role to reduce the lack of fit. There exist many statistical methods to identify outlying cells in contingency table. In this paper, correspondence analysis is applied to identify one or two outlying cells. When corresponding relationships between categories of the row and columns are explored, we find that outlying cells could be identified via the correspondence analysis map.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the instrument modification and validation processes to make existing health belief model scales culturally appropriate for Korean Americans (KAs) regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening utilization. Methods: Instrument translation, individual interviews using cognitive interviewing, and expert reviews were conducted during the instrument modification phase, and a pilot test and a cross-sectional survey were conducted during the instrument validation phase. Data analyses of the cross-sectional survey included internal consistency and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The main issues identified during the instrument modification phase were (a) cultural and linguistic translation issues and (b) newly developed items reflecting Korean cultural barriers. Cross-sectional survey analyses during the instrument validation phase revealed that all scales demonstrate good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.72~.88). Exploratory factor analysis showed that susceptibility and severity loaded on the same factor, which may indicate a threat variable. Items with low factor loadings in the confirmatory factor analysis may relate to (a) lack of knowledge about fecal occult blood testing and (b) multiple dimensions of the subscales. Conclusion: Methodological, sequential processes of instrument modification and validation, including translation, individual interviews, expert reviews, pilot testing and a cross-sectional survey, were provided in this study. The findings indicate that existing instruments need to be examined for CRC screening research involving KAs.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 지구통계기법과 GIS를 이용하여 Cl/sup -/ 농도 분포도를 작성하고 이를 통해 해수침투 분포 양상을 파악하였다. 분포도는 탐색적 공간자료 분석을 통해 자료의 분포 패턴을 파악한 후에 정규크리깅과 공동크리깅을 이용하여 작성하였다. 지구통계기법인 크리깅은 시ㆍ공간적인 자료의 분포특성과 상관관계를 이용하여 신뢰할 만한 결과를 제공한다. 공동크리깅의 이차변수는 상관분석을 통해 Cl/sup -/과의 상관성이 큰 TDS, Na/sup ＋/, Br/sup -/을 선정하였다. Cl/sup -/ 농도 분포도를 분석한 결과 공동크리깅에 의한 분포도가 정규크리깅의 분포도보다 더욱 정밀하게 나타났으며, 전반적으로 이민촌 일대와 해안가 지역에서 높은 농도 이상대를 보이고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.58-76
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• 1994

In order to study factors affecting the use of the ambulatory physician services. Andersen's model for health utilization was modified by adding the health behavior component and examined with three different approaches. Three different approaches were the multiople regression model, logistic regression model, and LISREL model. For multiple regression, dependent variable was reported illness-related visits to a physician during past one year and independent variables are variaous variables measuring predisposing factor, enabling factor, need factor and health behavior. For the logistic regression, dependent variable was visit or no-visit to a physician during past one year and independent variables were same as the multiple regression analysis. For the LISREL, five endogenous variables of health utiliztion, predisposing factor, enabling factor, need factor, and health behavior and 20 exogeneous variables which measures five endogenous variables were used. According to the multiple regression analysis, chronic illness, health status, perceived health status of the need factor; residence, sex, age, marital status, education of the predisposing factor ; health insurance, usual source for medical care of enabling factor were the siginificant exploratory variables for the health utilization. Out of the logistic regression analysis, health status, chronic illness, residence, marital status, education, drinking, use of health aid were found to be significant exploratory variables. From LISREL, need factor affect utilization most following by predisposing factor, enabling factor and health behavior. For LISREL model, age, education, and residence for predisposing factor; health status, chronic illess, and perceived health status for need factor; medical insurance for enabling factor; and doing any kind of health behavior for the health behavior were found as the significant observed variables for each theoretical variables.