• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.231-247
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to clarify the impact of sexual abuse experienced by female adolescents on depression and to examine mediation effects of distorted beliefs related to sex. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to middle and high school female students in Seouland Gyonggi Areas. The549responseswereanalyzedbyregressionanalysis. Results indicated that 22.2% of the respondents had experienced sexual abuse; the experience of sexual abuse had a significant effect on distorted sex-related belief, but not on depression. Distorted sex-related beliefs, however, mediated between the experience of sexual abuse and depression. This study suggests the necessity for intervention and practical methods for the prevention of adolescent sexual abuse.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.723-731
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• 2016

Background: Cancer is a major public health problem in many parts of the world. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are responsible for 20% of all cancer-related deaths. In Turkey, stomach cancers account for 8.9%, colon cancer for 6.9%, and pancreatic cancer for 5.9%. This study examined the anxiety-depression levels and the quality of life of patients with GI cancer. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 335 adult patients who had gastrointestinal cancer and who were hospitalized in medical oncology clinics. Data were collected by using hospital anxiety and depression scale, EORTC QLQ C-30 and a patient information form. Results: Patients who were male and secondary school graduates/graduates/postgraduates experienced more functional difficulties. Patients with poor economic status experienced more symptoms. Patient general wellbeing decreased with increase disease duration. The level of functional difficulties decreased with an increasing number of hospital stays. Anxiety scores increased with decreasing age. Both anxiety and depression scores increased with increasing disease duration. Patients who were female, single/widowed/divorced, and literate/elementary school graduates had higher anxiety and depression scores. Life quality decreased with increasing anxiety and depression. Conclusions: Patients should be supported to prevent anxiety and depression, and should be followed up with this in mind.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine levels of pain, depression, and adjustment to military life in soldier who experienced low back pain, in order to produce fundamental data for the development of health improvement programs to prevent and manage low back pain in soldiers with low back pain. Methods: Subjects of this study consisted of 317 soldiers who had low back pain. Study instruments were Visual analog scale (VAS), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and adjustment to military life scale. Collected data were analyzed by the SPSS Win 14.0 program. Results: Mean score of pain was 4.16 points, depression was 8.58 points, and adjustment to military life was 69.15 points. The level of pain was negatively related to adjustment to military life (r=-.241, p<.001) and positively related to depression (r=.262, p<.001). There was a negative relationship between depression and adjustment to military life (r=-.442, p<.001). Conclusion: Soldiers who had low back pain experienced higher levels of pain and depression and lower level of adjustment to military life. Therefore, further study is needed to develop and examine a nursing intervention to manage low back pain for them.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.917-929
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explore types of postpartum depression and to understand the nature and structure of the postpartum depression by using Q-methodological approach. As a way of research, 55 statements concerning postpartum depression were selected through individual interviews with postpartum mothers and literature review. 30 women were chosen as a subject group for the study, with opinions shown in 55 statements divided into 9 scales by forced distribution. PC QUANL Program was used for analysis and Q-factors were analyzed by using principal component analysis. As a result, postpartum depression experience was classified into 5 types. There are "Role-Strain Type", "Unattributional Depression Type", "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type", "Self-Compassion Type", and "Role-Crisis Type". Type I was named "Role-Strain Type", referring to the strain generally experienced by mothers with regard to the new role as a mother and as a social member. Type II was named "Unattributional Depression Type", referring to the symptom experienced by people who were in a state of vanity and a sense of loss. They often break into tears for no specific reasons. In case of Type III, people in a state of "Psychosomatic Symptoms Type" develop physical symptoms after suffering from inherent emotional conflict. Type IV was named "Self-Compassion Type" refers to the symptom shown by those who feel pity for their children and for themselves. And they show inability to cope with the reality properly. Type V was named "Role -Crisis Type", which is experienced by people who have a burden and a severe fear of their own job and their children in their mind, also showing serious conflict with maternal role. Futhermore, it was carried out to examine structure of postpartum depression in terms of degree of depression and adjustment ability. Type I showed mild degree of depression and relatively good adjustment ability. Type II showed broad range of degree in depression and moderate adjustment ability. Type III showed moderate depression and relatively low adjustment ability. Type IV revealed relatively serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. Type V revealed very serious degree of depression and the lowest adjustment ability. As a result, considering the structure of postpartum depression. Type I is considered to be a normal depression sympton which most mothers generally experience, followed by Type II, Type III, Type IV and Type V, each of which show increasingly worse degree of depression and lower adjustment ability. In conclusion, it seems to be it is necessary to understand distinct symptoms of postpartum depression and to examine the characteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.cteristics and structure of those types, so that it could lead to more individual nursing approach.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2010

Objective : Depression is a significant and growing problem among college students. Depression contributes to numerous academic, social, and health problems, including suicide. This study surveyed depression awareness and the need for establishing a depression support program through Kyunghee University. Methods : We used the Kyunghee University Mail delivery system for college students to conduct this survey on depression and depression. Results : All of the students who responded to the survey, 41.86% reported that they had experienced depression. Among students experiencing depression, 27.27% experienced suicidal ideation, and 56.56% said they wanted to receive mental health counseling or treatment. All the respondents, 47.04% of respondents said they would to go to the external medical center, not school's internal counseling center of school, for such treatment. All the respondents, 73.75% said the student depression/suicide problem was serious. In addition, 71.34% of respondents required a depression support program. Conclusion : The university's depression support program needs to improve its accessibility by developing content focused on the early detection of, and improved awareness of, depression.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.79-92
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• 2014

This study investigates the influences of narcissism and emotional self-disclosure on depression and happiness levels of high school students. The participants comprised of 334 high school 1st-graders. The results indicated that: (1) Girls showed higher levels of both narcissism and emotional self-disclosure than boys, but there was no gender difference evident in the levels of depression and happiness. (2) The more the students felt depressed, the less they experienced happiness. Additionally, the more the students disclosed emotionally about themselves, the less they experienced depression. (3) High levels of narcissism and low levels of emotional self-disclosure increased depression, but the interactional effect between narcissism and emotional self-disclosure on depression was not statistically significant for either gender. Moreover, low levels of narcissism and high levels of emotional self-disclosure tended to see increased levels of happiness for both genders, however the interactional effect between narcissism and emotional self-disclosure on happiness was statistically significant only for boys. That is, for boys, the negative effects of narcissism on happiness can be reduced if the level of emotional self-disclosure is high.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depression, colleagues/ supervisor's emotional support and burnout experienced by teachers in kindergartens and childcare centers. The subjects were 195 teachers who worked in kindergartens or childcare centers in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province. Questionnaires, which required self-report by teachers, were used to investigate depression, colleagues/supervisor's emotional support and burnout. The data collected were analyzed by means of paired t-test, Pearson's correlation, simple regression, hierarchial regression, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results are as follows. (1) The emotional support from colleagues was significantly higher than from that provided by the supervisor. Moreover, teachers' depression levels were positively associated with burnout. (2) Colleagues' emotional support operated as major determining factor with the effect that burnout decreased as colleagues' emotional support levels increased. There were observable interactional effects between depression and the emotional support provided by colleagues' to colleagues experiencing burnout. (3) The supervisor's emotional support operated as a major factor with the effect that burnout decreased with a rise in the levels of a supervisor's emotional support. No interactional effects were observed between depression and supervisor's emotional to colleagues dealing with burnout.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.289-303
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• 1997

This study analyzes the relations between perceived family characteristics, experienced abuse and mental health in childhood. For this, this study used row data by questionnaire, analysis, and frequency, ANOVA, t - Test, Pearson' correlation analysis. The sample was 118 children 10-12 years old in primary school. The findings are as follows. First, children perceived family cohesion and family adaptability highly, family adaptability showed a significant difference from the relations with a parent's job, a parent's academic level, and type of residence. Second, it appeared that some children experienced physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Third, in general the mental health of children was good. Their mental health showed a significant relation to economic level of family, and type of residence, creating problems such as depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, psychoticism. By family size, their mental health showed a significant relation to somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism, Fourth, family cohesion and mental health perceived by children supported a linear relation to phobic anxiety, and family adaptability and mental health perceived by children supported the reverse -linear relation to somatization, anxiety, paranoid ideation, etc. Fifth, connections with perceived abuse and mental health as well as emotional abuse and mental health were also supported. Further more, on somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, psychoticism, etc, a reverse-linear re lation existed. Physical abuse supported a reverse-linear relation with interpersonal sensitivity, depression, paranoid ideation, etc. and sexual abuse supported a reverse-linear relation with depression. These findings suggest that school and family have to concern themselves with the mental health of children because experienced abuse and family characteristics do indeed affect the mental health of children.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.213-221
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of in the level of pain, depression, and quality of life by coping strategy in the chronic arthritis patients. Method: These data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire from 90 chronic arthritis patients undergoing treatment at a university hospital in Daegu city from June 10, 2000 to July 15, 2000. The instruments of study were coping strategy scale by Jeon(1985), pain scale by Lee and Song(1987), depression scale by Radloff(1977) and quality of life scale by Cho(1987). Data analysis was done by SPSS Win 10.0 program and Pearson correlation, t-test, Cronbach's-${\alpha}$ were used. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The item mean score of pain for chronic arthritis patient was 6.54. The item mean score of depression for chronic arthritis patient was 2.18. The item mean score of quality of life for chronic arthritis patient was 5.69. 2. The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced pain higher than those with emotion-focused coping(t=o.400, p=o.o45). The chronic arthritis patients with emotion-focused coping experienced depression higher than those with problem-focused coping(t=-2.564, p=0.012). The chronic arthritis patients with problem-focused coping experienced quality of life higher than emotion-focused coping(t=-1.682, p=0.046). Conclusion: In conclusion this study showed that any coping strategy can control the arthritis patient's problem. Therfore, The development of a coping strategy to reduce pain and depression and improve the quality of life in the chronic arthritis patient will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.169-185
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• 2003

The present study was to investigate whether Cyberspace addiction groups could be classified into types and examine the relationship with types of Cyberspace addiction and adolescents' psychological environment. The findings were as follows: First, adolescents' Cyberspace addiction was analyzed by factor analysis and classified by four different types, which were named as sensation seeking, life interference, time dependency, and psychological dependency. Second, male students experienced more sensation seeking and life interference tendencies than female students who experienced more psychological dependency tendency than male students. High school students experienced more life interference tendency than middle school students. Third, there was relationship with types of adolescents Cyberspace addiction and psychological environment. Adolescents who addicted Cyberspace with sensation seeking were more likely to avoid conversation with families, and had a tendency of compulsiveness and depression. Adolescents who addicted Cyberspace with life interference had a tendency of compulsiveness and depression, and had a problem of school life and family relationship. Adolescents who addicted Cyberspace with time dependency showed the compulsiveness and avoided conversation with families. Adolescents who addicted Cyberspace with psychological dependency were more likely to have peer relationship and had a tendency of depression. Conclusively, the psycho-social environment such as compulsiveness, depression, family and peer relationship, and school environment was related to types of adolescents' Cyberspace addiction more or less.