• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.39-44
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• 2020

This study was to investigate the awareness and convergence factors of sexual harassment of 418 dental hygiene students in Jeollanam-do area. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics of sexual harassment was 4.18, there were significantly different means with gender, grade and experience of sexual harassment. Descriptive statistics of self-esteem was 3.62. Awareness of sexual harassment and self-esteem was positive correlated. The convergence factors influencing awareness of sexual harassment were self-esteem, grade. gender and experience of sexual harassment. The explanatory power of the study was 12.1%. This study, expect to improve sexual harassment awareness levels, develop sexual harassment prevention and treatment, and use them as basics date to develop a program for education programs above.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.379-391
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• 2018

Purpose: To describe nursing students' experience of sexual harassment during clinical practicum. Methods: An interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach was used to understand contextual experiences of participants. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from thirteen nursing students who experienced sexual harassment during clinical practice in general hospitals at D metropolitan city. All interviews were recorded and transcribed into Korean and English. Transcripts were analyzed using the data analysis method described by Diekelmann, Allen, and Tanner. Results: The following 12 themes emerged from the data: 'unprepared to respond', 'lack of education', 'unsure about when behavior crosses the line', 'power differential for nursing students', 'balancing self-preservation with obligations to patients', 'shame', 'feeling responsible for not being able to prevent the harassment', 'impact on patient care', 'fear of what might have happened', 'fear of repercussions', 'long term impact', and 'peer support'. Conclusion: Participants in this study described feeling an obligation to care for their patients. However, they seemed to be unable to balance this while feeling vulnerable to sexual harassment with strong negative feelings. Helping students recognize and effectively deal with sexual harassment is a critical element to assure quality learning for participants and maintain quality of care during clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the level of self-esteem and awareness of sexual harassment among college students majoring in physical therapy to discover the status of sexual harassment and the types of and responses to sexual harassment at clinical training sites. Methods: The study participants included 195 college students majoring in physical therapy in Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces, who responded fully to the survey questionnaire. The data were prepared through self-reporting on a structured questionnaire and collected from September to November 2018. Results: The difference in the mean value of self-esteem was evident between the two groups investigated. The most common types of sexual harassment were verbal, visual, and physical. The types of damage reported by the participants were emotional, physical, and social. The group of participants who experienced sexual harassment had a high rate of avoidance, while the group of participants who did not experience sexual harassment exhibited a high rate of coping. Conclusion: The incidence of verbal sexual harassment was reported to be significantly higher, and the emotional damage was the most serious. Students should be provided with more specific and realistic preventive education or countermeasures so they can respond more proactively to real situations.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.247-260
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• 2001

The objectives of this study are first, to investigate the significant differences in the perception and attitude for sexual role of workers, second, to identify the degree of the perception of women manpower in workplace, third, to identify the perception for sexual harassment in workplace and fourth to analyze the relative important factors that effect on conception for sexual harassment. The survey data were collected by questionnaires on May 2000, and the number of subjects was 300 workers. The SAS-PC program was used for the statistical analysis such as t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. Major results were follow as: 1. The performance rates of health education for sexual harassment was 66%, and 58.9% of the lecturer of sexual harassment education was occupational health nurse. The 45.2% of workers acquired the information for sexual harassment through massive education in workplace. 2. The perception and attitude of sexual role was relatively positive as 2.3(SD=0.69) of mean values. and the difference by sex, age, marital status. and working period was significant. 3. The perception of the women manpower in workplace was generally positive as 7.9(SD= 3.25) of mean values, and the working experience group of less 10 years and more 10 years old age group showed the significant difference in comparative to other group. 4. The perception of sexual harassment of workplace composed of legal basis, range of victim, place of sexual harassment, type of sexual harassment. misconception of sexual harassment, and coping methods of sexual harassment. Among of these perception. type and coping methods of sexual harassment were shown high perception level. The difference by sex between group for perception of sexual harassment was highly significant. 5. Factors that effect on the perception of sexual harassment was not high for the explanation power of regression, but the age, the type of task, the. perception for women manpower were important variables. Based on this results of study, we recommend that the education of sexual harassment in workplace should be strengthened and specified according to age, working period, type of working task. It also should provide various education and information to workplace. Finally and there should be continuous education opportunity systematically to occupational health nurses who are major lecturers for sexual harassment, therefore they can educate workers more effectively.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1067-1076
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• 2001

This study was to developed to create a CD-ROM and an educational program for the prevention of sexual harassment and violence and to contribute to the perception and add to the coping of the victims of sexual harassment and violence as well as the child, parents, and teachers. Method: The study's methods were literature reviews, surveys, and assessments of the negotiation process for educational needs of sexual harassed and abused children. Result: The sexual harassment and violence prevention program will contain four subjects : 1) sexual development of a preschool child, 2) characteristics of sexual harassment and violence of a preschool child, 3) safe sex, early detection of sexual violence syndrome, and coping strategies. The CD-RON was composed from three sites. The first was a child site, the second was a parent/teacher site, and the third was a game site for evaluations. The child site consisted of 10 possible scenarios of sexual harassment and violence that a child could experience. The parent/teacher site consisted of knowledge and information for prevention and coping strategies for sexual harassment and violence. At the end of each situation question and answer sections that were used for formative evaluation. Also, the game site could be a summative evaluation. Conclusion: The effects of this program and the CD-ROM were based of the promotion of reverence for humanity and gender equality for preschool childen. Eventually, children, parents, and teachers will have prevention and coping ability that will reduce the occurrence of sexual harassment and violence in Korea

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among sexual attitudes, autonomy, and harassment experience and to find out how each factor affects the sexual attitudes of college students. The subjects were 236 college students in D city. The data were collected from September 3 - 8, in 2015 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. For data analysis, a Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results are as follows. First, the average scores of sexual attitude, sexual autonomy, and sexual harassment experience were 4.01, 1.95, and 0.95 points, respectively. Second, the individual characteristics in sexual attitude were significantly different in gender (U=2124.50, p=0.000) and department (U=5741.00, p=0.026), sexual autonomy were considerably different in gender (U=2529.50, p=0.001) and satisfaction with personal relationships ($X^2=9.46$, p=0.009), and sexual harassment experience were significantly different in the department (U=5604.00, p=0.007). Third, a positive relationship was observed between the sexual attitudes and sexual autonomy (r=0.517, p<0.01). Sexual autonomy was found to influence the sexual attitudes (${\beta}=0.46$, p<.001). These results highlight the need to develop sex education programs in various situations for college students and that sex education should be implemented constantly.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2002

Recently in Korea, the adolescents' sexual problems including sexual violence have increased, and those phenomena have escalated to be one of the major social issues. This study was conducted to identify the variables related to the sexual harassments of the Korean adolescents. The variables to which the subjects belong were gender, school grade, religion, extracurricular activity, amount of pocket money, school performance traffic mean to school, ownership of PC, internet contact frequency and place, contact to pornography, heterosexual friend, drinking, and smoking. The period of survey was from July 2000 to Dec. 2000. The subjects were 475 middle and high-schoolers in Busan and Kyung-Nam. The instrument to measure sexual harassments of the subjects was questionnaire. That was gained by modifying the three patterns(physical, verbal and visual) in the manual provide by the Ministry of Labor(1999). The degree of sexual harassments was measured by 4-point Likert scale. The collected data was analyzed with t-test and ANOVA by SPSS win(10.0). The findings were as follows ;1. The variables related to the physical harassment were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic means, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking and smoking.2. The variables related to the visual harassments were gender, age, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, experience of drinking & smoking.3. The variables related to the verbal harassments were gender, age, pocket money, perceived school performance, traffic mean, internet contact, contact to pornography, having heterosexual friend, and experience of drinking & smoking.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.92-104
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the experience of sexual violence and sexual violence education. The data were collected from June 19 to July 14. 2000 using the questionnaire. The Subjects of this study consisted of 736 middle school students in six provinces(Seoul, Incheon, Daegu, Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk). Data were analyzed using percentage, mean standard deviation. ANOVA. and Duncan test. The results were as follows: 1. About sixty-two percent of the subjects was educated for sexual violence. 2. About twenty-five percent of the subjects experienced sexual harassment, 12.1% of the subjects experienced serious sexual contact, and 2.0% of the subjects was raped. 3. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence was $2.86{\pm}0.47$. 4. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in experience of education(t=-3.83. P<.0001), in delayed time of education(F=6.33. P<.0001) and in reading of pornomagazine(F=2.03. P<.05). 5. The mean score of misconception related sexual violence showed significant differences in experience of sexual harassment(t=-1.92. P<.05) and in experience of serious sexual contact (t=-2.41. P<.01). 6. There was a significant differences in misconception related sexual violence between boy and girl(t=5.79. P<.0001). According to the above results, realistic and future-directed sexual violence education materials should be developed for middle school students. This information will provide useful data to promote a more systemic, desirable and sexual violence education.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify Korean adolescents' sexual harassment conditions and patterns in schools as well as their psychological reactions when they are under sexual harassments or they committed sexual harassments. The subjects were 475 middle and high schoolers in Pusan and Gyeong Sang Nam-Do. The survey was executed from July 1 through Dec. 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS WIN 8.0 using percentage, mean. The results of this study were as follows: 1. the linguistic sexual harassment such as 'lewd jokes or dirty talks' was the major pattern(35.4%), The body touching such as 'kiss or embracing', 'internet transmission of pornography', 'sexual harassing of body characteristics', touching breast', 'grasping of hands or body touching', 'body touching in secret place', 'urging to sit in touch or on knees', 'exposing of special body areas', and 'showing pornography' followed in a row. 2. The eighteen point three percents of subjects had the experience to commit sexual harassment. The forty four point seven percent of above subjects committed it against their classmates. The first time to commit sexual harassment was their middle school period (38.4%). Their motives to commit it were as under: 'killing time'(48.8%), 'annoying', 'attracting attention from the other sex', 'expressing lovely emotions', 'urging of their friends', 'misunderstanding that the other partners felt good when they experienced sexual harassment, 'showing their strength' etc. their with committing harassments they felt as under ; 'joyful'(61.6%), 'funny,' 'desirous to try again', 'thrilling', 'breaking stress', very pleasant', 'exciting', 'regretful', 'guilty', and 'feeling fear' etc. 3. Twenty four point two percents of the population exposed to sexual harassments. The sexual harassers were almost their classmates (42.7%). And then unknown people', 'boy or girl friends and school staffs' followed in a row. The places where harassments happened were 'inside classroom'(69.8%), 'school bus and subway', 'outside school', etc. The feelings when experienced harassments were 'anger' (51.3%), 'hurting self-respect', 'embarrassing', 'rejection', 'insulting', 'shame', 'fear', 'dislike', 'anxiety', 'melancholy' etc. The reasons not to have consultations after sexual harassments were 'worrying to be well-known'(49.6%), 'believing not helpful enough', 'regarding simple mischief', 'trying to revenge directly', 'understanding their mistakes', 'worrying retaliation' etc.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.266-277
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• 2019

This study is an exploratory study on the factors that affect the types of user's coping strategies in online game harassment situations. A survey(N=416) was conducted to investigate the experiences of harassment in online games, expectations on organizational response, and the frequencies of selecting each type of coping strategy. The result shows that the female users usually experience more harassment than the male users, especially in sexual harassment. Female users often choose gender masking, seeking help, avoidance, and mirroring strategies compared to males, while males choose self-blame. The effects of harassment experiences, expectation on organizational response, and gender on each type of coping strategy were analyzed using the structural equation model(SEM). Sexual harassment experiences significantly affect all types of strategies, and the higher the expectation on organizational response, the more likely users to seek help rather than to select gender masking. These results are expected to serve the basis for establishing harassment-related regulations in online games.