• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2016

With the development of IOT technology and the expansion of ICT services recently, a variety of home network services have been advanced based on wired and wireless high speed telecommunication. Domestic and global companies have been studying on the innovative technology for the users using IOT based technology and the environment for the smart home services has been gradually developed. The users live their lives with more convenience due to the expansions and developments of smart phones. However, the threatening on the security of the smart home network had occurred by various attacks with the connection to the smart environment telecommunication, lack of applications on low powered and light weight telecommunication, and the problems of security guideline. In addition, the solutions are required for the new and variant attacking cases such as data forgery and alteration of the device for disguising approach with ill will. In this article, the safe communication protocol was designed using certification management technique based on AKI which supplemented the weakness of PKI, the existing certification system in the smart environment. Utilizing the signature technique based on ECDSA, the efficiency on the communication performance was improved, and the security and the safety were analyzed on the security threat under the smart home environment.

• Korea and Global Affairs
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.5-40
• /
• 2018

The history of decentralization and autonomy is the result of the struggle for democracy against the authoritarian central government. Before the imminent law amendment, there are many tasks for decentralization and citizen autonomy. Therefore, decentralization and autonomy are not given on their own but they must be taken from authoritarian and centralist power group which possesses exclusive interests. The decentralization and autonomy now enters into the stage of development. In 1960, the April 19 Revolution opened the era of democratic local autonomy and it was abolished by the military coup of May 16, Now, the era of the reform of the decentralization are coming. Decentralization and autonomy will evolve from the stage of quantitative expansion to the stage of qualitative leap. This paper proposes that the revision of decentralization be the strategic maximum, and that the independence of the local government personnel rights be the tactical minimum. This paper insists that the independence of personnel right in the local government can be a link with law amendment for decentralization. Local autonomy and decentralization are the main subjects of the amendment. Above all, clarifying this is the subject and method of this study, and the scope of the study.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2020

Ginseng, also known as Insam, has solidified its status as one of the supreme drugs classified as life time expansion drug since ancient times and was used as a panacea based on its pharmaceutical effectiveness. The demand for ginseng rapidly increased as the demand for ginseng, which targeted only noble class people, expanded to other social class people. Accordingly, the wild ginseng supply reached its limit due to the extinction caused by indiscriminate harvesting and the difficulty of harvesting, and thus the ginseng supply method shifted to the cultivation of high-priced ginseng rather than complicated wild ginseng foraging. Although the timing of ginseng cultivation (also called gasam) in Korea has been studied, the research on the first cultivation area has not been reported yet. In this study, we critically reviewed Korea's first ginseng cultivation site by arranging data related to ginseng cultivation, and the historical data cited here include Joseon Wangjo Sillog (The Annals of Joseon Dynasty), Imwon Gyeongjeji (The Mid-19 Century Encyclopedia Koreana on Rural Living, Edible plants and Herb Volumes), Oju Yeonmun Jangjeon Sango (An Encyclopedic Writing during the Latter Half Period of the Joseon Dynasty), Junggyeongji (The Junggyeong Town Chronicle), Jeungbo Munheon Bigo (The largest encyclopedia of Joseon Dynasty), Insamsa (The Ginseng History) and etc. As a result of data assortment and critical review, the first ginseng plantation in the Joseon Dynasty resulted in the Yeongnam region, and in Yeongnam region, I have no choice but to conclude that it is Punggi-myeon (currently Punggi-eup, Yeongju-si, Gyeongbuk).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.449-457
• /
• 2015

Objectives: In Korea, the system of management of medical waste largely relies on the incineration method. Our study aimed to identify any regional imbalances between the generation and treatment of medical waste, and provide reference data for future policy in Korea. Methods: We analyzed data on the amount of medical waste from 2,000 hospitals in 2012, 2013, and 2014 obtained from the Korea Environment Corporation. In the Arc GIS program (version 10.2.3), the addresses of hospitals and incinerators were transformed into map coordinates. The amount of waste generated by each hospital and the amount incinerated were represented by density and size of a triangle symbol, respectively. Results: As of 2014, the total amount of medical waste from the top 2,000 hospitals was 136,073 tons, out of which about half (49%) was generated in the capital area. Eleven incineration companies (three in the capital area, two in the Chungcheong Provinces area, one in the Jeolla Provinces area, and five in the Gyeongsang Provinces area) treated this waste. For the years 2012, 2013, and 2014, about 60% of the medical waste generated from the hospitals in the capital area was treated within the capital area and about 40% was transported to other areas, especially the Gyeongsang Provinces area, for treatment. On the other hand, about 90% of the medical waste incinerated in the capital area originated from the capital area. Conclusion: Our results suggest a spatial imbalance between the generation and treatment of medical waste in Korea and warrants multilateral policies, including the expansion of on-site treatment, strengthening regulation of the containment of medical wastes, promoting reductions in medical waste and more.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
• /
• v.18 no.1 s.91
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2006

An incremental approach to predict the time dependent flexural behavior of composite girder is presented in the framework of incremental finite element method. Age dependent nature of creep, shrinkage, and maturing of elastic modulus of concrete is prescribed in the incremental tangent description of constitutive relation derived based on the first order Taylor series expansion applying to the total from of stress-strain relation. The loop phenomenon in which age dependent nature of concrete causes stress redistribution and it causes creep in turn is taken into account in the formulation through the incremental representation of constitutive relation. The developed algorithm predicts the time dependent deflections of 4.8m long two span double composite box girder subjected to shrinkage, maturing of elastic modulus, and creep initially induced by self weight. Comparison shows a good agreement between the predicted and measured results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 1989

In recent years much attention has been paid to swine respiratory infection caused by Pasteurella(P) multocida with rapid expansion of pork Industry in Korea. The present study was performed to observe the etiologic situation of P. multocida infection by bacteriological, serological(serotyping) and pathological examinations with the lungs respectively. In addition antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out against the isolated strains of P. multocida. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Eighteen strains(12.8％) wert isolated from the 140 cases of swine lungs examined, and biological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were the sam as those in the references of other workers, whereas some differences were observed in sugar fermentation and enzyme activity according to the strain of isolates. 2. Capsular serotyping performed on 18 P. multocida revealed that 13 strains(72.2％) were A type and 5 strains(27.8％) were D type, respectively. 3. When serotyping was performed against somatic antigen on 18 strains capsular types of which were identified as described above 9(50％), 3(16.7％) and 4(22.2％) strains belong to 1:A, 3:A and 2:D, respectively, but untypable 2 strains(11.1％) were observed. 4. Antibiotic susceptibility test by employing disc method for 24 kinds of drugs revealed that 15 kinds of antibiotics were sensitive to 18 strains of P. multocida isolated such as ampicillin(l00％), penicillin(100％), cloxacillin(56％), piperacillin(70％), cefotaxime(30%), minocycline(60％), chloramphenicol(95％), erythromycin(39％), kanamycin(17％), gentamicin(70%), amikasin(30%), colistin(78％) and nalidixic acid(5％), respectively, but resistant to 9 kinds of antibiotics such as sulpenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cefametazol, cefoperazone, kitasamycin, oleandomycin. lincomycin and bacitracin. 5. Pathological features of 60 cases of swine lungs indicated that pneumonic .lesions were observed in 38 cases(63.3％) examined by macroscopic finding, in which lesions of 8 cases(13.4％) would correspond to those of mycoplasmal infection, and 30 cases(50％) were similar to viral infection by histopathological finding, whereas 22 cases(36.7％) were considered to be normal by ecropsy or histopathological finding.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2015

This study aims to estimate the forest volumes of the upper region of Nam-Han River in ecosystem zoning by forest types and age classes, and to suggest the optimal estimation method through the comparison of the standard errors according to the spatial unit. In the estimation of forest volumes, we used both of direct estimation, which uses sample plots of the target area only, and synthetic estimation, which includes sample plots of the expanded areas as well as those of the target area. As for the spatial expansion, we applied four standards for synthetic estimator: Mountainous zone, Neighbor ecosystem region, Gangwon province, and Buffer zone. The results show that average forest volume per ha, calculated by direct estimation, was $143.5m^3/ha$, while that by synthetic estimation with each standard, was estimated at $146.9m^3/ha$ by Gangwon province, $144.8m^3/ha$ by Buffer zone, $139.8m^3/ha$ by Neighbor ecosystem region, and $138.6m^3/ha$ by Mountainous zone, respectively. The standard errors of direct estimation was $1.79m^3/ha$, while those of synthetic estimation showed not a great difference among the errors. Meanwhile, considering the standard errors by forest type, the lowest was ${\pm}2.3m^3/ha$ of broad-leaved forest, followed by ${\pm}3.3m^3/ha$ of mixed forest, and ${\pm}4.8m^3/ha$ of coniferous forest.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.371-384
• /
• 2002

It is very important to predict the environmental changes in the land-surface as a way of prevention of sustainable nature. This study investigated the difference between the predicted and actual data of Anmyeon-do from 1981 to 2000 through a fuzzy logic operation using multi-spectral image. According to literature survey, maps, and ground truth data, the types of land-use have changed due primarily to shore reclamation or wild land and grassland fostering before the eighties. After the mid-eighties, however, a number of private residents and commercial stores quickly have spreaded throughout beach resorts and quasi-agricultural and forest areas. Moreover, shore and community regions were severely damaged in the nineties with increased farmland, due to the development of tour places and expansion of city area. The predicted result of the environmental changes in the land-surface using the fuzzy logic operation was almost similar to the state of Anmyeon-do obtained through the satellite image. Particularly, the flat lands near the shore was predicted to change slightly. This area is largely under development, thereby raising concerns on the shore environment. Thus, this method is applicable to conducting research on the change in the land-surface.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.193-207
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in conceptual change research in the field of Earth Science education conducted in Korea and to provide them as basic data of future concept change research. The trends of conceptual change research were analyzed in terms of keywords, year of publication, source of research, purpose of research, subject, area of research, and research method. This study was carried out on a total of 126 conceptual change papers of Earth Science education published from 1989 to July 2017. This study showed the following conclusions: First, the conceptual change research papers used more the term 'conceptual change' than 'misconceptions' and 'preconceptions'. Second, the conceptual change paper has achieved a large amount of growth in the 2000s. Third, conceptual change research tended to proceed to the subject of master's dissertation. Fourth, there were a lot of researches to find out the misconceptions and change them into the right concept, the conceptual change paper used free response test for misconceptions, and cognitive conflict instruction model and CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) teaching strategy for misconceptions. Fifth, elementary school students were studied the most. Sixth, the study of conceptual changes in the field of Earth Science was high in the astronomical and atmospheric areas. Finally, although quantitative analysis methods were used in the early days of research, in the 2010s, qualitative analysis methods were widely used. In this paper, we proposed research on conceptual change for pre- and in-service teachers, expansion of research on conceptual changes in various fields such as geology, oceanography, atmosphere in Earth Science, investigation of causes of misconception in Earth Science and research on individual's affective factors, and so on.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.60 no.1
• /
• pp.233-250
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to report a case of cost analysis for community-based social service centers for the disabled. This study analyzed 2002 accounting reports and annual business reports from 20 social service centers for the disabled. To identify weight of each service researchers surveyed each service in terms of significance, difficulty, and emphasis from managers among centers. For cost analysis, this study used TCA(Traditional cost accounting), rather than ABC(Activity-based costing) because of costs, time, and difficulty to find cost drivers. Findings indicate that average annual expenditure is about 1260 million Won. About 65.8% is for labor and another 13.2% is for programs. In addition, the cost for respite care service(1 hour basis) is 26,922 Won and job counselling with job capacity evaluation(2 hour basis) is 143,355 Won. These costs does not count on real estate costs and low labor costs. Thus, market price of those services should be higher than the above. This study analyzed the costs with service bassis rather than costing item basis. This method would provide more useful information to decision makers in relation to program expansion, reducement, and resources allocation etc.