• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.294-298
• /
• 2018

This report presents a rare case of feline exocrine pancreatic ductal carcinoma including treatment and prognosis. A 4.6-year-old castrated male American Shorthair cat, weighing 5 kg was presented with intermittent vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Through physical examination and radiography, a cranial abdominal mass was identified. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out. The largest mass was connected to the left lobe of the pancreas, and there were several small, nodular masses scattered along the abdominal lining. The pancreatic mass was removed using an ultrasonic scalpel, and the patient recovered favorably. Histopathologically, the resected lesion was diagnosed as an exocrine pancreatic ductal papillary carcinoma. The patient was maintained with conservative therapy and euthanized on post-operative day 262. Partial pancreatectomy using an ultrasonic scalpel was accomplished safely without evidence of pancreatic leakage.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 1999

The distribution and relative frequency of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas were studied during developmental stages (fetus, neonate, 1-month-old, 6-month-old and adult) of the Korean native goat by immunohistochemical methods. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the exocrine of all ages, in the endocrine portions (pancreatic islets) from the neonate, and in the pancreatic duct of the 1-month-old. The relative frequencies of these cells in the pancreatic islets increased with age. However, there were no age-related changes in the relative frequencies of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the exocrine and pancreatic duct. Generally, they were distributed in the interacinar spaces, the epithelium of the pancreatic duct, or dispersed in the peripheral zone of the pancreatic islets in all ages. However, clusters consisting of 3-4 cells were also found in the subepithelial connective tissues from the 1-month-old. In addition, the distributions in the endocrine portions of the adult were divided into two patterns: 1) they are dispersed in the marginal regions with moderate or low frequencies, or 2) in the inner zone with high frequencies.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1977

In 1968, Case et al. first studied the importance of cyclic AMP as an intermediate in the action of secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and they suggested that the action of secretin, not that of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, may be mediated through cyclic AMP. Recently Albano et al. reported that in the exocrine pancreas each of the two major physiological functions is modulated a specific cyclic nucleotide, enzyme secretion by cyclic GMP, and fluid and ionic secretion by cyclic AMP. But in pancreas still conflicting results have been reported on the role of cyclic nucleotides in enzyme and electrolyte secretion. In these study, the role of cyclic nucleotides in the exocrine pancreatic secretion was examined. The results are as follows. 1) Very strong stimulation on amylase release from guinea pig pancreatic slice was produced by 1 unit of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin but as compared to that of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin very weak response was observed by 1 unit of secretion or $1\;{\mu}g$ of VIP. 2) Both cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine produced a rapid and marked rise in cyclic GMP as well as cyclic AMP in isolated pancreatic tissue. However, both secretin and VIP failed to alter significantly the basal level of cyclic GMP in pancreatic fragments. 3) Atropine inhibited acetylcholine mediated amylase release, but did not affect the cholecystokinin-pancreozymin response. Furthermore, atropine pretreatment produced a marked inhibitory effect on the increase of tissue cyclic nucleotides induced by cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine. In summary, these results suggest that whereas the pancreatic secretion produced by secretin and VIP is modulated by the formation of cyclic AMP, the pancreatic enzyme secretion in response to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and acetylcholine is triggered by both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2018

Recent findings indicate that Type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed outside the gustatory system, including in the gastrointestinal tracts and the exocrine glands, such as the submandibular (SM), parotid (P), lacrimal (L) glands and pancreas (PC). Specifically, T2Rs are found in some of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells, and these cells secreted peptide hormones in response to stimulation by bitter-tasting compounds. The results show that T2Rs may have significant physiological roles besides bitter taste reception. The functions of the T2Rs in the exocrine glands remain poorly understood. An expression levels analysis of T2Rs will help to determine those functions in the exocrine glands. The expression levels of the T2Rs in the exocrine glands were discovered via the qPCR. C57BL/6J mice of 42~60-day-old were used. Messenger RNAs were extracted from S, P, L and PC. Cloned DNAs were synthesized by reverse transcription. Quantitative PCRs were performed using the SYBR Green method. The expression levels of the T2Rs were calculated as relative expression levels to that of the GAPDH. The statistical significance among the observed exocrine glands was tested using the variance analysis (ANOVA test). Tas2r108, out of murine 35 T2Rs, was the most highly expressed in every observed exocrine gland. This finding was similar to previous results from tongue papillae, but the expression levels were lower than those of the tongue papillae. Tas2r137 of SM, P, L and PC were expressed a little lower than that of tongue papillae. The T2Rs in the exocrine glands may play slightly different roles from those in the tongue. We suggest that physiological studies such as a patch clamp and functional $Ca^{2+}$ imaging of acinar cells are necessary for understanding the Tas2r108 functions.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.249-256
• /
• 1986

The present study was performed to investigate a possible influence of the adrenergic nervous system on pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by intraduodenal acid perfusion. Pancreatic secretion was collected in rats anesthetized with urethane after 24 hours fasting. The duodenal lumen was perfused (0.2 ml/min) with HCI solution in a concentration of 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 or 0.1 N When the volume of panceratic juice secreted for IS min became constant phentolamine (1 mg/kg), $noradrenaline\;(10\;{\mu}g/kg),\;Propranolol\;(1\;mg/kg),\;and \;isoproterenol\;(1\;{\mu}g/kg)$ were administered through the jugular vein in bolus. The secretory volume and protein output were measured in the pancreatic juice collected for 15 min. 1) HCI, perfused intraduodenally in graded concentrations from 0.005 N to 0.1 N, increased the pancreatic secretory volume and protein output dose-dependently. 2) In the basal state as well as in the stimulated state by the duodenal acid perfusion, phentolamine increased the pancreatic secretory volume and protein output while propranolol inhibited the volume and protein output. 3) In the basal state, noradrenaline did not change the pancreatic secretory volume but increased the protein output while isoproterenol increased both of the secretory volume and the protein output. These results strongly suggest that ${\alpha}-adrenoceptors$ in the rat pancreas exert an inhibitory influence on the pancreatic exocrine secretion including volume and protein output in the basal state as well as in the stimulated state by the intraduodenal acid perfusion while ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ play a stimulatory role in the pancreatic exocrine secretion. However, in the physiological situation, adrenergic excitation may stimulate the protein output through ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$ without change in the secretory volume in the rat pancreas.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2011

It has been rereported that axons which display 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) immunoreactivity are abundant in the pancreas and the majority of serotonergic axons terminate within intrapancreatic ganglia, islet and acini. This histological result strongly suggests that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect to the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate whether intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves could affect pancreatic exocrine secretion and an action mechanism of the intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves. The rats were anesthetized with a single injection of urethane. The median line and the abdominal aorta was carefully dissected and cannulated with PE-50 tubing just above the celiac artery, and then tightly ligated just below the superior mesenteric artery. The pancreatic duct was also cannulated with Tygon microbore tubing. With the addition of serotonin, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly inhibited electrical field stimulation (EFS). On the other hand, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output were significantly elevated in EFS with the addition of spiperone. EFS application, however, pancreatic volume flow and amylase output had no significant change in cholecystokinin (CCK) alone when serotonin was applied under a 5.6 mM glucose background. Pancreatic volume flow and amylase output under 18 mM glucose background were significantly elevated in CCK plus serotonin than in CCK alone. These data suggest that intrapancreatic serotonergic nerves play an inhibitory role in pancreatic exocrine secretion and an important role in the insulin action or release.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권6호
• /
• pp.1049-1056
• /
• 1999

Anatomical and histological changes were studied in the dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes of the pancreas of the chicken embryos (8 days of incubation, 10 days of incubation to hatching). From 13 days of incubation, all four pancreatic lobes, namely, dorsal, ventral, third and splenic lobes were observed. Histologically, the pancreas of 10-14 days of incubation were consisted of mesenchymal tissue, exocrine acini and pancreatic islets. But mesenchymal tissues were disappeared from 15 days of incubation. The pancreatic ducts were observed from 14 days of incubation. The dark and light typed pancreatic islets were observed in splenic lobe from 13 days of incubation, in the third lobe from 11 days of incubation, and in the dorsal lobe from 13 days of incubation. But no dark typed islets were observed in the ventral lobes.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제42권10호
• /
• pp.661-666
• /
• 2009

Porcine pancreas development is not well studied at the molecular level despite being a therapeutic resource for diabetic patients. In this study, we investigated expression of lineage markers and performed proteomic analysis. Expression of the early lineage markers Pdx1 and Ptf1a was developmentally conserved between mice and pigs, whereas expression of the islet differentiation marker Pax4 was delayed in porcine compared with murine pancreas development. Proteomic analysis found that expression levels of chymotrypsinogen were down-regulated during porcine pancreas development while those of digestive enzymes like lipases, elastase and serine protease were up-regulated. In addition, specific isoforms of protein folding assistants such as protein disulfide isomerase and prefoldin were expressed at specific stages during the maturation of digestive enzymes. Taken together, these results show that development of the porcine pancreas is regulated by a concerted interplay of pancreas lineage marker proteins and other specified proteins, resulting in a functional endocrine and exocrine organ.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.193-194
• /
• 1989

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.711-719
• /
• 2000

The characteristics of the exocrine pancreatic secretions in pigs and its hormonal regulation as influenced by dietary lipids are reviewed. There is clear evidence that the secretion of lipolytic enzymes is positively correlated with the amount of fat consumed by the pig. For example, there was an increase in the specific lipase activity by 83% after the dietary fat content was increased from 5% to 25%. Moreover, it was shown that also the quality of fat has an influence on exocrine pancreatic secretions. Peroxidized canola oil stimulated total lipase secretion much more than non-peroxidized oil. The influence of fatty acid composition on exocrine pancreatic secretions is discussed equivocally. Some authors showed that saturated fats stimulated the exocrine pancreatic secretions more than unsaturated. Others showed that the chain length of fatty acids had a strong influence on pancreatic secretions as well. Due to the different surgical methods used for sampling of pancreatic juice and wide variety of fats and oils used in these studies, direct comparisons between studies are extremely difficult to make. Plasma levels of hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), neurotensin (NT) and peptide YY (PYY) are influenced by the nutrient composition of the diet. With increasing amounts of fat present in the small intestine, the release of these hormones was stimulated. There is evidence that CCK release is dependent on the chain length of the fatty acids. Medium chain triglycerides stimulated the CCK release more than long chain triglycerides. Neurotensin was released more by unsaturated than by saturated fatty acids; similar results were observed for the PYY release. However, results are contradictory and further investigations are warranted that focus on the underlying mechanisms involved in the regulatory response of the exocrine pancreas to lipids of different origin.