• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2005

For the non-premixed interacting jet flames, it has been reported that if eight small nozzles are arranged along the circle of $40{\sim}72$ times the diameter of single jet, the flames are not extinguished even in 200m/s. In this research, experiments were extended to the partially premixed cases to reduce both flame temperature and NOx emission. Nine nozzles were used- eight was evenly located along the perimeter of the imaginary circle and one at the geometric centre. The space between nozzles, S, the equivalence ratio, ${\phi}$, the exit velocity and the role of the jet from the centre nozzle were considered. Normally, flame was lifted and flame base was located inside the imaginary circle made by the nozzle. As nozzles went away from each other, blowout velocity increased and then decreased. The maximum blowout velocity diminished with the addition of air to the fuel stream. When the fuel and/or oxidizer were not fed through the centre nozzle, the maximum blowout velocity obtained by varying S and ${\phi}$ was around 160m/s. Optimum nozzle separation distance at which peak blowout velocity obtained also decreased with ${\phi}$ decrease. Flame base became leaner as approaching to the blowout. It seemed that lots of air was supplied to the flame stabilizing region by the entrainment and partially premixing. To approve this idea and to enhance the blowout velocity, fuel was supplied to the centre region. With the small amount of fuel through the centre nozzle, partially premixed flame could be sustained till sonic velocities. It seemed that the stabilizing mechanism in partially premixed interacting flame was different from that of non-premixed case because one was stabilized by the fuel supply through the centre nozzle but the other destabilized.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1452-1457
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• 2004

The water jet impingement cooling is one of the techniques to remove heat from high heat flux equipments. We investigate the local heat transfer of the confined water impinging jet and the effect of nozzle collar to enhance the heat transfer in the free surface jet and submerged jet. Boiling is initiated from the furthest downstream and the wall temperature increase is reduced with developing boiling, forming the flat temperature distributions. The reduction in the nozzle-to-surface distance for $H/W{\leq}1$ causes the significant increases and distribution changes in heat transfer. Developed boiling reduces the differences in heat transfer for various conditions. The nozzle collar is employed at the nozzle exit. The distances from heated surface to guide plate, $H_c$ are 0.25W, 0.5W and 1.0W. The liquid film thickness is reduced and the velocity of wall jet increase as decreased spacing of collar to heated surface. Heat transfer is enhanced for region from the stagnation to $x/W{\sim}8$ in the free surface jet and to $x/W{\sim}5$ in the submerged jet. For nucleate boiling region of further downstream, the heat transfer by the nozzle collar is decreased in submerged jet compare with higher velocity condition. It is because the increased velocity by collar is de-accelerated at downstream.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2020

로터 위치 및 쉬라우드 입구 유속 변화에 따른 쉬라우드 내부 유동장 및 기계적 출력 분석을 위해 수치해석을 수행하였고 이를 실험결과와 비교하였다. 로터와 해수의 유동조건은 쉬라우드 조류발전 시스템 내 유동장 특성에 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 특히 실린더 내 축 방향 위치에 따른 로터의 기계적 출력은 실린더 중앙 이후까지 점차 증가하며, 입·출구 부근에서는 감소하였다. 또한 쉬라우드 입구 유속이 증가함에 따라 로터 출력량이 점차 증가하였다. 축 방향 운동량과 각운동량은 로터를 통과하면서 급격하게 증가 및 감소하였으며, 전방을 포함한 그 외 영역에서의 큰 변화는 없었다. 이러한 결과들은 조류발전 시스템 개발의 기초 자료로 다양하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2004

The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of $CO_2$(R-744) during gas cooling Process of carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were conducted without oil in the refrigerant loop. The main components of the refrigerant loop consist of a receiver. a variable-speed pump. a mass flowmeter, an evaporator. and a gas cooler(test section). The main components of the water loop consist of a variable-speed Pump. an constant temperature bath. and a flowmeter. The gas cooler is a counterflow heat exchanger with refrigerant flowing in the inner tube and water flowing in the annulus The test section consists of smooth, horizontal stainless steel tube of 9.53 mm outer diameter and 7.75 mm inner diameter. The length of test section is 6 m. The refrigerant mass fluxes were 200 ~ 300 kg/($m^2{\cdot}s$) and the inlet pressure of the gas cooler varied from 7.5 MPa to 8.5 MPa. The main results were summarized as follows : The predicted correlation can evaluated the R-744 exit temperature from the gas cooler within ${\pm}10%$ for most of the experimental data, given only the inlet conditions. The predicted gas cooley capacity using log mean temperature difference showed relatively food agreement with gas cooler capacity within ${\pm}5%$. The pressure drop predicted by Blasius estimated the pressure drop on the $CO_2$ side within ${\pm}4.3%$. The predicted heat transfer coefficients using Gnielinski's correlation evaluated the heat transfer coefficients on the $CO_2$ side well within the range of experimental error. The predicted heat transfer coefficients using Gao and Honda's correlation estimated the heat transfer coefficients on the coolant side well within ${\pm}10\;%$. Therefore. The predicted equation's usefulness is demonstrated by analyzing data obtained in experiments.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

국내 한랭지역의 경우 고속도로터널 및 일반도로터널에서 발생하는 동결피해 사례는 조사 및 보고되고 있지만, 이에 대한 방안대책은 미흡한 상황이다. 한랭지역의 경우 영상권을 유지하는 다른 지역들과는 달리 평균온도가 영하로 떨어지는 지역이며, 동일지역 터널 내에서도 기온이 낮은 입출구에서 손상이 좀 더 발생하는 것으로 조사 되었다. 터널 라이닝의 온도저하를 방지하기 위하여 동절기에 라이닝의 온도를 강제로 상승시킬 수 있는 발열체를 제작하였다. 발열체는 실규모 터널의 라이닝에 부착하여 발열체의 열에 의한 터널 라이닝 주변의 온도변화를 측정하였다. 연구결과 발열체의 발열에 의해 라이닝의 온도상승 정도를 확인하였으며, 일정시간이 경과하면 라이닝의 온도상승이 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 활용하여 동절기 터널라이닝 및 배면의 동결피해를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2008

Metal cutting operations involve generation of heat due to friction between the tool and the pieces. This heat needs to be carried away otherwise it creates white spots. To reduce this abnormal heat cutting fluid is used. Cutting fluid also has an important role in the lubrication of the cutting edges of machine tools and the pieces they are shaping, and in sluicing away the resulting swarf. As a cutting fluid, water is a great conductor of heat but is not stable at high temperatures, so to improve stability an emulsion type mixed fluid with water and oil is often used. It is pumped over the cutting site of cutting machines as a state of atomized water droplet coated with oil by using jet. In this paper, to develop cutting fluid supplying nozzle to obtain ultra thin oil film for coating water droplet, a numerical analysis of three dimensional mixed fluid Jet through multi-stage nozzle was carried out by using a finite volume method. Jet flow characteristics such as nozzle exit velocity, development of mixing region, re-entrance and jet intensity were analyzed. Detailed mixing process of fluids such as air, water and oil in the nozzle were also investigated. It is easy to understand complex flow pattern in multi-stage nozzle. Important flow Information for advance design of cutting fluid supplying nozzle was drawn.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2013

This paper describes the design to increase the blade loading factor of a low speed axial flow fan from normal 0.42 to highly loaded 0.55. A three-dimensional viscous solver is used to model the flows in the highly-loaded and normal loaded stages over its operation range. At the design point operation the static pressure rise can be increased by 20 percent with a deficit of efficiency by 0.3 percent. In the highly loaded fan stage, the rotor hub flow stalls, and separation vortex extends over the rotor hub region. The backflow, which occurs along the stator hub-suction surface, changes the exit flow from the prescribed axial direction. Results in this paper confirm that the limitation of the two dimensional diffusion does not affect primarily on the fan's performance. Highly loaded fan may have actually better performance than its two dimensional design. Three dimensional designing approaches may lead to better highly loaded fan with controlled rotor hub stall.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

The CUPID code is a transient, three-dimensional, two-fluid, thermal-hydraulic code designed for a component-scale analysis of nuclear reactor components. The primary objective of this study is to assess the applicability of CUPID to single-phase turbulent flow analyses of $2{\times}2$ rod bundle subchannel. The bulk velocity at the inlet varies from 1.0 m/s up to 2.0 m/s which is equivalent to the fully turbulent flow with the range of Re=12,500 to 25,000. Adiabatic single-phase flow is assumed. The velocity profile at the exit region is quantitatively compared with both experimental measurement and commercial CFD tool. Three different boundary conditions are simulated and quantitatively compared each other. The calculation results of CUPID code shows a good agreement with the experimental data. It is concluded that the CUPID code has capability to reproduce the turbulent flow behavior for the $2{\times}2$ rod bundle geometry.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2012

저탄소 친환경 대체 에너지의 한 분야인 수소에너지는 화석연료의 개질 및 물의 전기분해 등 다양한 방법을 통해 얻어진다. 수소를 연료로 사용하는 연료전지인 PEMFC용 1kW급 평판형 수소생산시스템을 자체 개발 중이다. 연소조건에 따른 평판형 수소생산시스템의 개질적정온도까지의 승온시간과 CO, $O_2$, $CO_2$의 평균 농도를 통해 개질기 내 연소기의 특성을 조사하여 개질기의 적정 운전조건을 확인하였다. 차후 PEMFC용 고효율 평판형 수소생산시스템의 개발에 있어 수치해석, 수소수율 및 시스템의 전체 효율을 연구하기 위해 기초연구를 진행하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.934-939
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• 2007

추력방향제어는 발사 직후 비행체를 임의의 방향으로 급선회해야 할 경우에 초음속 노즐의 배출가스 방향을 조절하여 측력과 모멘트를 형성시키는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 압축공기를 이용한 비 연소시험으로 초음속유동 시험장치를 이용하여 기계적 편향판인 램프 탭의 설치위치에 따라 성능연구를 수행하였다. 밀도변화에 따라 유동장을 관찰할 수 있는 쉬리렌 장치를 이용하여 램프 탭 내부에서 발생하는 유동장 구조와 경사충격파의 위치 등을 가시화하였다. 아울러 각 방향에 작용하는 제어 힘, 추력손실 및 표면 압력 분포 등을 도시분석하였다.