• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1157-1177
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• 2014

Convertible authenticated encryption (CAE) schemes enable the signer to send a confidential message and its corresponding signature to the designated recipient. The recipient can also convert the signature into a conventional one which can be verified by anyone. Integrating the properties of self-certified public key systems, this paper presents efficient and computationally indistinguishable self-certified CAE schemes for strengthening the security of E-Commerce applications. Additionally, we also adapt the proposed schemes to elliptic curve systems for facilitating the applications of limited computing power and insufficient storage space. The proposed schemes are secure against known existential active attacks, satisfy the semantic security requirement, and have the following advantages: (i) No extra certificate is required since the tasks of authenticating the public key and verifying the signature can be simultaneously carried out within one step, which helps reducing computation efforts and communication overheads. (ii) In case of a later dispute, the recipient can convert the signature into an ordinary one for the public arbitration. (iii) The signature conversion can be solely performed by the recipient without additional computation efforts or communication overheads. (iv) The recipient of the signature can prove himself, if needed, to anyone that he is actually the designated recipient.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and nature of living in the world among cancer patients. The present study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen. Method: The participants for this study were 5 men and 6 women, who were over the age of 20 with admission or a follow up visit in the medical or surgical department. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and observations from February to September, 2007. The contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with the consent of the subject. Result: The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were: a body that cannot be restored, a body that endures and lives, waiting in uncertainty, a valued calculation for the living day, being in a world of invisible power, reestablishing relationships, and reflection on his or her life. Conclusion: These findings revealed that living in the world is affected to varying degrees by the cancer. It is important for nurses to identify and take care of disabilities and to support the reorientation in the disintegrated life situation. The result of this study can give nurses some insight into these experiences and help promote empathetic care.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2015

The philosophers think that the increase of loneliness in technological society is caused by the reduced feeling to some extent. They started to think the integral feeling in terms of existentialism away from Visualcentrism. It is apparent that in architectural design a concrete feeling(sense) out of Visualcentrism of modern architecture is reflected in a architecture. In particular, the architects such as Herzog & de Meuron, Steven Holl, Peter Zumthor, Kuma Kengo think that the existential value of the objects is important and would like to reflect the existence of materials on architecture. This study is to analyze the common points and different points regarding how in these works sensible experiences are approached. The results show that these works have common features containing escape from visual formativeness in the space, pursuit of locational connection, study on pure essence of the materials, and reflectance of the feeling of depth and motility. In addition, the actual beings of the materials for this feeling were mainly used and showed some difference in terms of the usage of local materials, natural environment, five senses of body. This study is important in the point of view that there are few researches that compared with the characteristics of architects' works while there were many researched that treated architecture as sensible view.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2012

On the grounds of Diane Vaughan's pioneering study into the Challenger Disaster, STS(Science and Technology Studies) scholars have recently argued that most engineers seldom face an ethical situation, in which the boundary between the ethical and the unethical is absolutely clear, and for which a serious moral decision such as "whistle blowing" is urgently needed. They have instead suggested that engineering ethics needs to address engineers' everyday routine practices, which, if accumulated, may have some impact upon the overall performance of the technological system. However, such studies have not completely resolved the tension between STS that emphasizes contextual elements in which the everyday practice of engineers are done, on the one hand, and engineering ethics that stresses individual engineer's moral decision of an existential kind, on the other. By discussing various works on the Challenger Disaster and related issues over technological risks, this paper attempts to establish an interface between STS and engineering ethics, and proposes some practical implications for the effective education of engineering ethics to engineering students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.342-350
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• 2015

This study was done to explore the meaning and nature of life world on female college students with atopic dermatitis. The hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by Van Manen was used. Methods: The data were collected in two months through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of nine women with atopic dermatitis participated in the study. Results: Essential themes that fit into the context of the four existential grounds of body, other people, space and time were: rage against the body, the conflict with symptoms, unacceptable life, continued efforts. Conclusion: This study provides deep understanding of female students with atopic dermatitis who are relatively alienated from society. Based on the results of the study, health professionals could develop effective nursing interventions to improve quality of life of these women.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.149-162
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and nature of ICU admission experienced among patients with critical illness. The present study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen. Methods: The participants for this study were 6 men and 3 women, who were over the age of 20 with ICU admission period more than 3 days. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and observations from March, 2007 to September, 2007. The contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with the consent of the subject. Results: The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were as follows: a body that cannot react the way it wants, a wave of fear and insecurity everywhere, a struggle to survive, coming out from death's door, loss of time path, a long and continued waiting until escaping, more of machinery room than a patient's room, existence of life and death, an abyss of suffering seen thru another patient, taken care of by a doctor, trust and distrust, family, the ultimate safe zone. Conclusion: Critically ill patients in ICU experienced feelings of discomfort, unsafety, and insecurity. The result of this study can give nurses some insight into these experiences and help promote empathetic care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.955-966
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and nature of pain experienced among patients with chronic pain. The present study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen. Method: The participants for this study were 4 men and 5 women, who were over the age of 20 with chronic pain more than 6 months. Data was collected by using in-depth interviews and observations from September, 2004 to December, 2004. The contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with the consent of the subject. Result: The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were 'untamed and unremitting pain', 'the body as an obstacle', 'continuity of suffering time as if the moment would never end', 'a narrow radial range of action' and 'separating from other people'. Conclusion: Patients with chronic pain experienced and perceived the world through the filter of their pain. It is necessary for nurses to understand the experiences of chronic pain patients and to provide more empathic, supportive care. Further research is needed on nursing interventions that could help chronic patients cope with and find the meaning in their suffering.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.6-18
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to explore the meaning and nature of life world for adolescents with epilepsy. The hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen was used. Methods: Participants were four boys and five girls, ages 13 to 18 being seen in a neurology outpatient department. Data were collected from iterative work with in-depth interviews from during the period from February to September, 2010. Contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with participant consent. Results: Essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were: an illness that makes a hurt in one's heart rather than one's body, a change in the body that is not controllable, a future like thick fog, everyday life trapped in illness, a change of relationships, learning how to live with an illness. Conclusion: Findings reveal the life world of the adolescents is affected to varying degrees by the epilepsy. It is important for nurses to identify and address developmental issues and effects of the illness and to support reorientation in a disintegrated life situation. The result of this study will provide nurses with insights into these experiences and should help promote empathetic care.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.151-175
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• 2011

In this article, I have analyzed the signification of the death of Don Quijote from the oriental religious and philosophical point of view, comparing with the novels of Kim, DongRi. We are able to read Cervantes' hope for his absolute ideal to be lasting forever via the death of Don Quijote, in the base of a strong will named of Gukyeong's life. In the same time, we can also discovery death as lasting of life in the basis of buddhist idea and death as the unification with nature via the meeting between the living and the dead in the Montesinos Cave. Montesinos Cave symbolizes a unclassified and chaotic space, which the Shamanist can meet the dead with a extatic ceremony and both supernatural life and daily life coexist. Therefore, the symbolic death of Don Quijote in Montesinos Cave is abe to be explained by approaching to absolute freedom named of Hatal, in other words, voluntary and conscious death to escape from the yugo of being. Considering the fact that Kim, Dongri emphasized on the unification of sky, earth and human being, keeping a racial identification in the face of the stream of occidental materialism in the time of Japanese conquest, we can look for the similarity with Cervantes' ideal. Contrary to the religious dogmatic ideal, Cervantes treated to recover the human nature and vitality, transcending the occidental rationalism and religious ideology in the time of Counter-reformation.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.77-98
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• 2022

Symbolic meaning underneath good and evil motifs in the Divine Comedy was analyzed based on its historical, theological, and psychological perspectives. Contemplating psychological structure and collective psyche in divine comedy with the perspective of Dante's era, brief analyses of various mythological elements, such as mythical beasts, fallen angels, cursed space and time, and femininity, were attempted in this paper. The Divine Comedy lustrously responds to modern man's existential questions about divinity and the opposing dark side of the human psyche. It helps restore the significant connection between the religio and conscientiousness toward the imago Dei and shadow.