• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.746-750
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the water requirement of exercising sheep. Nine Merino ewes were allocated into three groups differing in water supply after exercise, group 1(G1) supplied water ad libitum, group 2 (G2) supplied with water twice a day, and group 3 (G3) supplied with water once a day. The ewes were exercised outdoors using a circular exercising machine at a speed of 5 km/h for 1 hour for 12 consecutive days. Total daily water intake (TDWI) of animals in G3 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of those in G1 and G2. TDWI of the 2 later groups was not different. TDWI of G3 was about 60% of that of G1. Feed intake of G3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the other two groups. Immediately after exercise, rectal temperature (RT) of animals in G1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in the other groups. Respiration rate (RR) of animals in all three groups was not significantly different. Faecal moisture of animals in G3 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the other groups. The results indicate that for optimum productivity sheep should be given water at least twice a day.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

Purpose: Communication skills are considered as one of the essential requirements in medical education, and the training often involves exercising medical interviews with standardized patients(SP) or role play. This study investigated the helpfulness of the communication skills training programs for students' performance on the clinical performance examination (CPX). Methods: Fourth-year students who have taken one of two communication skills programs(exercising communication skills with SP or elective communication skill course with role play) completed a questionnaire on their evaluation of the helpfulness of communication skills programs immediately after finishing the CPX. Then, the programs were objectively assessed by comparing all fourth-year students' CPX scores between program participants and non-participants. Results: About 70% of participants answered that the programs were helpful to perform clinical clerkship and CPX. However, there was no difference in either the total CPX score or 2 categorical scores(integrated clinical encounter, communication and interpersonal skill) between program participants and non-participants. Conclusion: Although the students felt that the communication skills programs were helpful to their clinical activities, this study failed to find objective evidence of any effect of the programs on the CPX results. Communication skills training should be continued during clinical clerkship to maintain or enhance the skills, and it is necessary to introduce more effective methods for precise evaluation of students' communication skills.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Making aged exercise by their age it unreasonable because there an differences of personal strength of their body. The three elements which control the aged's possibility of exercising effectivencess are the level of the physical strength in the present state, potential capacities of physical strength and age. Examined the physical strength of aged, the pliancy of body is considerably marked decline by and large and fast twitch muscle are withered. The reason why aged often do prime exercise like and infant. Aged are not fit for the speedy exercise and they can give full scope to their ability by continuing the long time exercise. The reason why aged should dwindle is mainly the retardation of recovering their fatigue which is related to the decline of oxygen activity. Anaerobic energy supply reduction makes aged be bad for severe physical exercise. Basal metabolic rate of rely on physical cellular quantity and people exercising has a high basal metabolic rate because of muscular amount. There were no decline of basal metabolic rate fellowing the age and physical non activiti influences on the atrophy of muscle.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1521-1528
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• 2009

This study aimed to know the association between health practices(Alameda 7) and health state according to Sasang Constitution. We recruited 204 subjects whose age were between 10 and 80, excluding individuals who have physically or psychologically serious diseases, and women in pregnancy among Korean population in Traditional Korea Clinics. They were diagnosed by Sasang constitution specialists and confirmed clinically with Sasang constitution drug response with past medical records. We used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) to estimate health state related with quality of life. We statistically analyzed association using SPSS 17.0K for window. According to Sasang Constitution, smoking and exercising were associated with health degree in Tae-eumin, smoking, drinking, diet and snacking in So-eumin, and past smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercising in So-yangin. These results suggest that there are different health practices for health promotion according to Sasang constitution. Therefore we have to consider the differences of Sasang constitution in health care plan.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in ponies exercising 3 times a day. The study included 10 healthy 4- to 5-year-old Jeju crossbred ponies used in riding lessons at an equestrian riding school. Hematology and serum chemistry samples were obtained before the initial lesson and after the last lesson of the day. The post-exercise results showed that packed cell volume, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and total protein levels increased significantly (p < 0.05). Serum Na⁺ also increased significantly (p < 0.01), but serum Ca⁺⁺ decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Creatinine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and bilirubin levels increased significantly (p < 0.05), but the glucose level decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum cortisol hormone level increased significantly (p < 0.01). The results suggest that participating in riding lessons three times a day may result in various physiological changes, indicating the presence of exercise-related stress in riding ponies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2021

Background: Flat-back posture refers to a posture in which the pelvis is tilted backward, the lumbar spine is bent, the upper thoracic spine is increasingly bent, and the lower thoracic spine is straight. Given that most of the day is spent sitting, we need to develop exercise programs and devices that are suitable for people who spend less time exercising than sitting. Objects: This study investigated the effects of resistance footrest exercise on spine posture angles in visual display terminal (VDT) workers with flat back. Methods: We measured the upper lumbar angle (ULA) and lower lumbar angle (LLA) using a flexible ruler for the ULA and LLA. Then, after 1 week of resistance footrest exercise designed to strengthen the lumbar spine musculature, we measured these angles again. We measured each angle three times and then compared measurements from before and after exercise. Results: There were no significant differences in the ULA following the strengthening exercise, but significant differences were observed in LLA. Conclusion: The resistance footrest exercise strengthened the muscles affecting the pelvic and lumbar lordotic angles, and increases in the LLA were changed. This suggests that the role of the lower lumbar spine in the lumbar lordotic curve is greater than that of the upper lumbar spine. In addition, considering the contemporary tendency to lead fairly sedentary lives, these results indicate that exercising while seated can be effective.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4009-4017
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• 2012

This study was conducted to test the effects of participation in 12-week program of boxing aerobics by obese middle-aged women on their body composition, blood constituents, and vascular compliance The samples are the middle-aged women in their forties or more, who has 30% or more body fat percentage, but has no medical history in cardiovascular disorders or metabolic diseases. The samples are divided into 8 of exercising group, and 8 of control group by random assignment. The intensity of boxing aerobics was HRmax 50% for the initial 4 weeks, HRmax 60% for the 5th to 8th week, and HRmax 70% for the 9th to 12th week. Each session took 60 minutes. The result is as follows. First, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics program, body weight, body fat percentage, and muscle showed significant differences depending on the measuring period and the interacting term of the group and measuring period(p<.001), and the result of t-test on the sample matched to each group's measuring time also showed the significant increase or decrease in the exercising group(p<.001). Second, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics program, the exercising group's TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, all showed significant differences in accordance with each group, measuring time, and the interaction term between groups and measuring time(p<.01, p<.001), and the result of t-test on each group's samples matched to the measuring time also shows significant increase or decrease in the exercising group(p<.01). Third, as a result of participating in the boxing aerobics programs, the vascular compliance of right hand, left hand, right hand, and left hand showed significant differences in accordance with each group, measuring time, and the interacting term between the measuring time and the group(p<.001), the t-test results of the samples matched to the each group's measuring time also showed significant differences in the exercising group(p<.001). To summarize the results above, it is suggested that the 12-week boxing aerobics program can improve body composition, blood constituents, and the blood circulation, which may prevent or enhance relevant diseases such as cardiovascular disorders.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.580-588
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to clear senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) in cultured cells. It remains unknown whether Rg1 can influence SA-${\beta}$-gal in exercising human skeletal muscle. Methods: To examine SA-${\beta}$-gal change, 12 young men (age $21{\pm}0.2years$) were enrolled in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled crossover study, under two occasions: placebo (PLA) and Rg1 (5 mg) supplementations 1 h prior to a high-intensity cycling (70% $VO_{2max}$). Muscle samples were collected by multiple biopsies before and after cycling exercise (0 h and 3 h). To avoid potential effect of muscle biopsy on performance assessment, cycling time to exhaustion test (80% $VO_{2max}$) was conducted on another 12 participants (age $23{\pm}0.5years$) with the same experimental design. Results: No changes of SA-${\beta}$-gal were observed after cycling in the PLA trial. On the contrary, nine of the 12 participants showed complete elimination of SA-${\beta}$-gal in exercised muscle after cycling in the Rg1 trial (p < 0.05). Increases in apoptotic DNA fragmentation (PLA: +87% vs. Rg1: +133%, p < 0.05) and $CD68^+$ (PLA:+78% vs. Rg1:+121%, p = 0.17) occurred immediately after cycling in both trials. During the 3-h recovery, reverses in apoptotic nuclei content (PLA:+5% vs. Rg1 -32%, p < 0.01) and increases in inducible nitrate oxide synthase and interleukin 6 mRNA levels of exercised muscle were observed only in the Rg1 trial (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Rg1 supplementation effectively eliminates senescent cells in exercising human skeletal muscle and improves high-intensity endurance performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.252-266
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the type of health behaviors in Korean adults and to identify related factors. The data used in the analysis was the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014., which was representative of the Korean population. Cluster analysis was used to find the pattern of clustering of smoking, drinking, exercising and nutrition. Differences in the pattern of clustering was examined, first by bivariate chi-square test, and then by multinomial logit regression. Lastly, the association between the clusters of health behaviors and other behavioral risk factors was tested by chi-square test and logistic regression. The distribution of the clusters varied not only across socioeconomic characteristics and local size, but also between individuals with certain chronic diseases and those without. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the usefulness of approaching the cluster rather than individually approaching the health behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 1992

According to newly revised Korean Commercial Law, 1991, several amendments on the maritime liens as a special legislative rights duly performed so as to make an equity with mortgates of the ship. Consequently, it is also noteworthy that claimants of the maritime lien should know how to secure their legal rights on the ship. Such a legal practice is performing in accordance with the doctrine and principles of the law of forciable excution without court order. This paper, therefore, intends to study specific legal practice for exercising legal rights on the ship by due process of law.