• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.254-260
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to survey the effects of Karvonen exercise prescription in coronary artery disease patients reaching age-predicted maximal heart rates with the exercise stress test on hemodynamic responses and cardiorespiratory fitness. The subject group was comprised of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, who were divided into the maximal heart rate (MHR) group that included those who completed the test with their heart rates reaching the number of 220-age and the maximal dyspnea (MD) group that included those who could not continue the test due to respiratory difficulty and were asked to stop the test. Both groups had the exercise stress test before and after the experiment. In the exercise stress test before the experiment, the exercise prescription intensity of Karvonen was set at the target heart rates of 50~85% with a six-week exercise monitoring arrangement. As a result, there were no interactive effects in rest heart rate (RHR) according to time and group, but interactive effects were observed in maximal heart rate (MHR) (P=0.000). Both rest systolic blood pressure (RSBP) and rest diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) had no interactive effects according to time and group. Maximal systolic blood pressure (MSBP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.017). Maximal diastolic blood pressure (MDBP) showed no interactive effects according to time and group, while maximal rate pressure product (MRPP) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.003). Maximal time (MT) had no interactive effects according to time and group. $VO_{2max}$ and maximal metabolic equivalent (MMET) showed significant interactive effects according to time and group (P=0.000, P=0.002, respectively), whereas maximal respiratory exchange ratio (MRER) and maximal rating of perceived exertion (MRPE) showed no interactive effects according to time and group. The exercise test that was discontinued as the subjects reached the predicted maximal heart rates considering age did not reach the maximal exercise intensity and accordingly showed low exercise effects when applied to Karvonen exercise prescription intensity. That is, the test should keep going by monitoring cardiac events, MRER and MRPE until the heart rates exceed the predicted MHR by up to 10~12 even after the subject reaches the predicted MHR considering age in the exercise stress test.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, the following experiment was conducted to see how to apply the sprinter pattern in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and functional weight bearing exercise affected balance capabilities and weight bearing among chronic stroke patients. Methods: The subjects included 27 subjects who had been diagnosed with hemiplegia due to stroke. A total of 12 sessions was held, 3 sessions a week over 4 weeks, were provided to the groups. The control group received general rehabilitation program, and the experimental group performed sprinter pattern in PNF or functional weight bearing exercise. The weight bearing capability and static balance capability test was implemented by using Good-Balance System and Frailty and Injuries Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques, while the dynamic balance capability test was carried out by using Four Square Step Test and Timed "Up and Go". Results: The paretic/nonparetic side weight bearing by application of each exercise showed that there were no significant differences in variation among each groups on before exercise, after exercise, 2 weeks after exercise. Static balance test by application of each exercise showed that there were significant differences after exercise and 2 weeks after exercise. Dynamic balance test by application of each exercise showed that there were significant differences after exercise and 2 weeks after exercise. Conclusion: To put the results together, the application of sprinter pattern and functional weight bearing exercise was effective in improving static and dynamic balance capabilities. Therefore, these exercises are helpful to improve balance in patients with stroke.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Background: This study was to investigate effects of falls prevention exercise on functional fitness in elderly. Methods: A total of 45 healthy over 65years old adults (men=15, women=30) who were participated in this study. Exercise were involved in the period of 12 week complex physical training for around 50 minutes a day, three times per week. We measured subjects' physical activity levels by short physical performance battery(SPPB) test, timed up & go(TUG) test, one leg standing test(OLST) with closed eyes and maximal step length (MSL) test. Results: After falls prevention exercise, there were statically significant differences in SPPB, TUG, OLST and MSL test (P<.01) between pre and post test. There were statically significant differences in SPPB, TUG, OLST, MSL between pre and post test in men and women. There were statically significant differences between men and women in SPPB, TUG, OLST and MSL test. Conclusion: Falls prevention exercise had significant effects on physical fitness level in elderly, with a result increase muscle strength, balance ability and it might prevent falls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise therapy on low back pain (LBP), the function of paraspinal and abdominis muscles, and the sacrohorizontal angle as seen on the radiographs of the lumbar spine in a young female golf player with LBP. METHODS: This case report describes an 11-year-old female golfer who presented with LBP. The exercise therapy program comprised lumbar joint mobilization, lumbar spine flexion distraction, abdominal bridge, plank, side plank, and single-leg extensions from a 4-point kneeling position for 40 min/day; this was done twice a week for 8-weeks. LBP [visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI)] and function of paraspinal and abdominis muscles [Ito test, curl-up test, $90^{\circ}$ stop test, squat test, opened eye one leg stance test (OEOL), and closed eye one leg stance test (CEOL)] were measured before and after 4 and 8 weeks of exercise therapy. The radiographs were analyzed for the lumbar Cobb's angle and sacrohorizontal angle before and after 8 weeks of exercise therapy. RESULTS: After 4 and/or 8 weeks of exercise therapy, VAS and ODI scores decreased; results for the Ito test, curl-up test, $90^{\circ}$ stop test, squat test, and OEOL and CEOL of muscle function improved; and the lumbar Cobb's angle and sacrohorizontal angle improved. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that exercise therapy improves LBP, muscle function, and radiographic parameters associated with LBP in young golf players. These findings have clinical implications for exercise therapy in young female golf players who have LBP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a combined non elastic taping and lumbar stabilizing exercise against lumbar stabilizing exercise only during the lumbar stabilizing exercise in chronic low back pain. METHOD: Thirty-one patients of low back pain were randomly allocated to 2 groups: lumbar stabilizing exercise group (n=16) and nonelastic taping group(n=15) with lumbar stabilizing exercise. Taping and stabilizing exercise were performed twice a week for 4 weeks. The patients were assessed using by visual analog scale (VAS) and Korean version of Oswestry disability index (KODI). The measurements of each patients were measured before the intervention and 2 weeks post-experiment and 4weeks after the intervention. All data were analyzed using by SPSS 12.0 software for Window, the experimental data was analyzed using by paired samples t-test and repeated ANOVA. All statistical tests in this study were conducted at the .05 level of significance. RESULTS: The results of this study are in the nonelastic taping group, significant difference were found in th VAS between pre-test and post-test (p<.05). In addition, there were significant differences in the VAS between the two groups at post-test(p<.05). And in the nonelastic taping group, significant difference were found in the KODI between pre-test and post-test (p<.05). However, there were no significant differences in the KODI between the two groups at post-test (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that combination of nonelastic taping and lumbar stabilizing exercise is more effective for low back pain than stabilizing exercise alone. In conclusion, this study indicates that stabilizing exercise combined with nonelastic taping would be recommended in the clinic.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.252-262
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• 2010

Purpose: Designed to examine the effects of aerobic exercise therapy on elders' physical functions. Methods: Selected from an elderly welfare center in an agricultural district located in N City. Thirty seven elders were selected in the experimental group and 38 in the control group, and all the subjects aged over 65. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS/PC 12.0 Win. Detailed data analysis methods were Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney u-test, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results: The first hypothesis "The experimental group who had the aerobic exercise therapy will have greater development in lower leg muscular strength compared to the control group" was supported (t=8.95, p<.001). The second hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in lower leg endurance" was supported (t=6.12, p<.001). The third hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in flexibility" was supported (U=49.00, p<.001). The forth hypothesis "Aerobic exercise therapy participants will show greater development in balance" was supported (U=322.00, p<.001). Conclusion: The aerobic exercise therapy showed positive effects on physical functions of the elderly in a rural area.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of functional strengthening exercise on static and dynamic standing balance in a child with cerebral palsy. The subject was a 7 year old boy with diplegia whose Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) score was 80% along with G1 of the lower extremities in Modified Ashworth Scale. The subject was ambulatory with some degree of limitation and demonstrated muscle weakness and strength asymmetry in the lower extremities. A changing criterion design for a single-subject research was used for this study. The functional strengthening exercise consisted of lower extremity ergometer exercise and knee exercise with grading movement in standing position, each for 20 minutes, which lasted 18 sessions for 6 weeks. A knee extensor strength test on both extremities and standing balance test were conducted after each functional strengthening exercise. Two types of standing balance were tested: one leg stance test and functional reach test. One leg stance test was to evaluate static standing balance, and functional reach test was to evaluate dynamic standing balance. The results showed that the functional strengthening exercise had some positive effects on improvement of both static and dynamic standing balance, and there was a positive correlation between the knee strength and standing balance.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of regular exercise through the combined walking-oriented aerobic and resistance exercises using EX1 in young adults. Design: Experimental one group pre and post test Methods: Participants comprised17 healthy young adults. All subjects performed a combined exercise program for 10 times using EX1. We measured quadriceps muscle thickness using ultrasound. Additionally, the hand grip strength test, and sit and reach test were performed before and after the exercise. Through paired t-test, we investigated whether there was a statistically significant difference in the measurement results after exercise program. Results: The rectus femoris muscle contraction ratio showed significant difference after exercise(P< 0.01). In the sit and reach test, flexibility showed significant difference after exercise(P < 0.01). The hand grip strength test also showed significant difference after exercise(P < 0.05). Conclusions: Healthy young adults can effectively perform various exercises commonly performed in daily life using EX1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect of lower extremity muscle activity during open kinetic chain exercise (OKC) and closed kinetic exercise (CKC) in normal young adults. Methods : The participants were consisted of forty-one. All subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of open kinetic chain exercise group (n=21) and closed kinetic chain exercise group(n=20). It was perform 3 sets, 3 times per week for 6 weeks both open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group. Subjects were assessed for each subject took pre-test, post-test in 2 weeks, post-test in 4 weeks, post-test in 6 weeks measurement the surface EMG data for vastus medialis and lateralis, lateral and medial hamstring, lateral and medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior. Results : The vastus medialis and lateralis muscle activity was significantly increased within the intervention period both group(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of hamstring muscle activity was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). The tibialis anterior muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased in the intervention period(p<.05). The lateral and medial part of gastrocnemius muscle activity of open kinetic chain exercise group and closed kinetic chain exercise group was significantly increased with in the intervention period(p<.05). Conclusion : It was found that both open kinetic chain exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise was significantly increased muscle activity. Further studies are needed to analyzed long term effects and subjects resulting from these changed. these exercises can be selectively adapted not only as treatment exercise for patients but also as preventive exercise for normal person to improve balancing ability by conducting proper amount of exercise for each individual's condition and stage.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.170-178
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of the Danjeon Breathing Exercise Program on physical fitness, levels of serum lipid and physical symptom of people using public health center at Yangju city. Method: One group pretest-posttest design was utilized for this study. This study has been done from July 6 to September 28, 2005 and the subjects of the study were 28 persons. Danjeon breathing exercise was carried out for 60 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Physical fitness was measured using the Health Management System developed by the Korea Physical Science Institution. Serum lipid level was measured in public health center at Yangju city. Questions of physical symptom (35 items) were chosen from Cornell Medical Index. The collected data were processed by using the SPSS PC program and analyzed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Result: 1. The scores of back strength, flexibility and balance of post-test were more increased after Danjeon breathing exercise than those of pre-test. But the score of muscular endurance of post-test was not significantly increased. 2. The degrees of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride of post-test were more decreased after Danjeon breathing exercise than those of pre-test. But the degree of HDL-cholesterol of post-test was not significantly increased in statistics. 3. The score of physical symptoms of post-test was not significantly decreased in statistics after Danjeon breathing exercise than that of pre-test. Conclusion: It is concluded that the Danjeon Breathing Exercise Program could increase the physical fitness and decrease levels of serum lipid. So Danjeon breathing exercise could be utilized to promote physical fittness and to decrease level of serun lipids.