• 핵의학기술
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2014

PET/CT 영상에서 표준섭취계수(Standardized uptake value, SUV)는 간단한 반정량적인 방법으로 정상 조직과 종양 조직의 섭취 비를 측정하여 임상에서 육안적인 평가와 함께 유용하게 사용되고 있지만 많은 변수들로 인해 SUV에 영향을 주게 된다. 그 중 혈관 삽입기구나, 주사 부위의 잔여 방사능과 그 위치에 따라서 영향을 평가해 보고자 한다. GE Discovery 600 (GE Healthcare, MI, USA)과 NEMA IEC Body Phantom을 사용하였다. $^{18}F-FDG$ 5.7 kBq/mL를 물과 함께 phantom에 채웠고, 22 mm 직경의 구에 7.4, 14.8, 22.2, 29.6, 37, 55.5 MBq로 변화하여 SFOV에 포함, 불포함 그리고 끝단에 걸쳐진 조건으로 시뮬레이션 하였다. 획득된 영상에 관심영역을 설정하여 SUV에 미치는 영향을 비교 평가하였다. SFOV 포함 여부에 따라 구분한 3 그룹에서 방사능량에 상관없이 SFOV에 포함되지 않은 것이 가장 높은 SUV를 나타내었으며, 끝단에 걸친 것, 포함된 순으로 SUV의 변화가 있었다. 이중 구의 방사능량이 7.4 MBq의 경우 SFOV에 포함과 끝단에 걸친 위치의 경우 평균 SUV는 0.780, 0.840로 나왔으며 SFOV 밖에 위치 할 경우 0.896이 나왔다. 22.2 MBq과 55.5 MBq의 SUV는 동일한 순서대로 0.600, 0.700, 0.728, 0.372, 0.460, 0.508로 나왔으며, 구의 잔여방사능량에 따라 최소 10.4% 최대 62.8% 차이를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 혈관삽입기구에 잔여 방사능이 많이 남아 있을수록 SUV를 과소평가하였다. 또한 SFOV에 포함여부에 따라서도 SUV의 변화가 있었으며, 포함되지 않았을 때 가장 적은 차이를 알 수 있었다. 추후에 혈관 삽입 기구 내 잔여 방사능과 환자의 혈관외 누출에 따른 방사능을 측정 할 수 있다면 임상에 더욱 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.66-77
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• 2014

본 연구는 국내외에서 생산되는 다양한 식용유지에 대한 탄소 안정동위원소 비율 및 지방산 조성을 분석하고, 국내 유통 식용유지의 순수 여부 등 과학적 관리 방안을 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구에 수집된 식용유지의 탄소 안정동위원소 비율은 참기름 등 $C_3$ 식물군, $C_4$ 식물군인 옥수수유, 유의적인 차이가 인정되는 미강유 등 총 3개 그룹으로 구분이 가능하였다. 수거된 식용유지의 지방산 조성은 각각의 지방산 마다 식용유지별로 유의성을 나타내었다. 또한, 탄소 안정동위원소 비율만으로 구분이 어려웠던 $C_3$ 식물 기원의 식용유지는 지방산을 동시 활용한 산점도 분포 분석을 통해 대표적인 저가 식용유지인 콩기름과 고가 식용유지인 참기름의 구분이 가능하였다. 따라서 탄소 안정동위원소 비율과 지방산 조성을 동시 활용하여 식용유지의 판별이 부분적으로 가능하였으며, 이는 추후 식용유지류 관리 방안으로 검토할 예정이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.424-437
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 국내 비영리단체 후원모금 광고영상에 나타난 아동 청소년의 특징과 낙인, 그리고 아동 청소년에 대한 메시지유형을 분석하는 것이다. 분석대상은 주요 국내 비영리단체 7곳의 후원모금 광고영항 147편에 등장하는 아동 청소년 152명이다. 선행연구를 바탕으로 분석도구를 구성하였고, 예비연구를 거쳐 본 분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동 청소년의 연령층은 아동과 유아가 많았다. 또한 비중이 높은 '주역할'이 높게 나타났고, '빈곤'의 상황이 가장 많이 묘사되었다. 가족형태는 '한 부모 가족'이 가장 많았고, 가족 안에서 '피보호자'의 역할이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 낙인유형에서는 '일반'이 가장 높게 나타났고, 반 낙인유형에서는 '위험'과 '표시'가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 셋째, 메시지유형은 낙인형 메시지가 가장 높았다. 넷째, 2014년을 기준으로 낙인형 메시지와 가치 배제형 메시지는 증가하였고, 반 낙인형 메시지와 혼합형 메시지는 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과는 비영리단체 후원모금 광고영상이 아동 청소년의 인권을 보호하지 못하고 낙인과 같은 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로, 전형적인 후원모금 광고영상 형식의 패러다임 변화가 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2000

Styrenic macromonomers with/without a silyloxy-functional group were synthesizedvia chain-end functionalization using 4-vinylbenzyl chloride as a terminating agent insec-butyllithium-initiated polymerization of styrene. The yields were 92 mol% for the silyloxy group and 88 mol% for the styrenic unit. Crystalline polystyrene-g-amorphous polystyrenes were synthesized by (η$^{5}$ -indenyl)-trichlorotitanium ((Ind)TiCl$_3$)-catalyzed copolymerizations of the macromonomers with styrene in the presence of methyl-aluminoxane (MAO) in toluene at 4$0^{\circ}C$. The macromonomer having $\alpha$, $\alpha$'-bis (4-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl-oxy]phenyl) group was also utilized for the preparation of a precursor of hydroxyl-functionalized syndio-tactic polystyrene. The obtained polymers were characterized by a combination of$^1$H, $^{13}$ C NMR spectroscopic, size exclusion chromatographic, and differential scanning calorimetric analysis. The (Ind)TiCl$_3$-catalyzed copolymerization of styrene with the macromonomer carrying the silyloxy functional group was found to be an efficient method to modify syndiotactic polystyrene without a great loss of physica] property by controlling the feud ratio of the macromonomer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on stress caused by traffic accidents. HRV analysis and IES-R K research were used to evaluate it. Methods : We selected patients who entered the KangNam KyungHee Hospital between 28 Sep 2013 and 14 Apr 2014 and met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Before taking treatment, we took HRV and IES-R-K first to know the exact mental conditions of patients. For a week, we had taken acupuncture treatment, herb medicine treatment and physical therapy. After that, we compared patients' changes between before-treatment and after-treatment with the same examination. Results : In a period of one week, Korean medical treatment makes LF(Norm) stay within the normal range and HF(Norm) increase. But, we could not find statistical significance between two. The normal range of LF/HF ratio increased, and there was statistical significance. After treatment, the IES-R-K score tended to decrease. Statistically, korean medical treatment is useful to alleviate subjective stress by traffic accidents. Conclusions : Korean medical treatment makes the sympathetic system relax and parasympathetic system rise so it balances an autonomic nervous system. But, there is not statistical significance. Also, it gives positive effect on car accident patients' treatment in terms of easing their subjective stress. Prospective and Larger study will be necessary.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.501-509
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• 2019

Asian Dust is a meteorological phenomenon that sand particles are raised from the arid and semi-arid regions-Taklamakan Desert, Gobi Desert and Inner Mongolia in China-and transported by westerlies and deposited on the surface. Asian dust results in a negative effect on human health as well as environmental, social and economic aspects. For monitoring of Asian Dust, Korea Meteorological Administration operates 29 stations using a continuous ambient particulate monitor. Kim et al. (2016) developed an automatic quality check (AQC) algorithm for objective and systematic quality check of observed PM₁₀ concentration and evaluated AQC with results of a manual quality check (MQC). The results showed the AQC algorithm could detect abnormal observations efficiently but it also presented a large number of false alarms which result from valid error check. To complement the deficiency of AQC and to develop an AQC system which can be applied in real-time, AQC has been modulated. Based on the analysis of instrument status codes, valid error check process was revised and 6 status codes were further considered as normal. Also, time continuity check and spike check were modified so that posterior data was not referred at inspection time. Two-year observed PM₁₀ concentration data and corresponding MQC results were used to evaluate the modulated AQC compared to the original AQC algorithm. The results showed a false alarm ratio decreased from 0.44 to 0.09 and the accuracy and the probability of detection were conserved well in spite of the exclusion of posterior data at inspection time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9615-9619
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• 2014

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive form of breast cancer which is more likely to be her-2/neu amplified. While the her-2/neu status has been utilised to predict prognosis, the published data are inconsistent. The present meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether the her-2/neu status predicts outcomes. Papers were selected from the PubMed database based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parameters such as total patients, follow-up time and outcome statistics (i.e. overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS) were collected. The analysis included 6 studies with 2,838 IBC patients. The summary hazards ratio (HR) estimating the association of OS with HER-2-positive disease was 0.96 (95% confidence interval (95%CI: 0.85-1.10)), with similar findings for RFS (HR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.61-1.09). No obvious statistical heterogeneity was detected. This meta-analysis suggests that HER-2-positive status is not an independent adverse prognostic factor for survival among IBC patient cases.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2007

The n-butyllithium-initiated ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, in a mixture of benzene and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), between $25-45^{\circ}C$, with potassium tert-butoxide, is a useful and powerful method to control the molecular weight as well as achieve a quantitative chain-end functionalization yield of the resulting polymeric alkoxide via a one pot synthesis. The molecular weight of the product could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of grams of monomer to moles of initiators, such as n-butyllithium ([n-BuLi]) and potassium t-butoxide ([t-BuOK]). The yields for the macromonomer and ${\omega}-brominated$ poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were quantitative in relation to the chain-end functionalizations of the polymeric alkoxide formed. The resulting products were characterized by a combination of $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopic and size exclusion chromatographic analyses.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2020

Objectives : Due to recent developments and the wide application of percutaneous transforaminal discectomy (PTED) in China, we herein compare its clinical effects with microendoscopic discectomy (MED) for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation in terms of recurrence and revision rates. Methods : Six databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang, were searched by computer. The literature was screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated. After extracting the data from the papers, Review Manager 5.2 software (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) was applied to analyze these data. Finally, sensitivity and publication bias analyses of the results were conducted. Results : A total of 12 studies consisting of 2400 patients were included in this meta-analysis. A comparison of PTED with MED revealed higher postoperative recurrence and postoperative revision rates for PTED (odds ratio [OR] recurrence, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 2.53; p=0.05 and OR revision, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.64, p=0.006). Conclusion : PTED has a number of advantages because it is a minimally invasive surgery, but its recurrence and revision rates are higher than MED. Therefore, MED should not be completely replaced by PTED.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

Objectives : This study evaluated the efficacy of electroacupuncture therapy using an insulated needle in adults with abdominal obesity. Methods : This study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-designed pilot trial. Sixteen participants eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into an insulated needle group and a control group. Insulated or common needles were inserted at acupoints located on the abdomen (CV12, CV6, ST25, ST27, SP15) and were electrically stimulated for 30 minutes (16 Hz, within tolerable strength). A total of 10 sessions of treatment were performed twice per week for 5 weeks. All participants were requested to maintain their usual diet and lifestyle. The outcome measures were waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and abdominal computed tomography (CT) of the total fat area (TFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral fat area (VFA). Results : A total of 12 participants divided into the insulated needle group (n = 5) and the control group (n = 7; common needle) were treated for 10 sessions and analyzed per-protocol (PP). WC decreased significantly after 10 sessions in both groups. The WC, TFA, SFA, and VFA of abdominal CT in the insulated needle group decreased more than in the control group; however, there were no significant differences in any parameter between the insulated needle group and the control group. Patients in the insulated needle group were more strongly stimulated with electrical stimulation than patients in the control group. Conclusion : Electroacupuncture using insulated needles in adults with abdominal obesity might be a more effective treatment than common needles. Additional studies are required to compensate for the limitations of this pilot study and to verify the results and efficacy.