• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to redefine 7 social exclusion factors and to derive association between social exclusion factors and depression of middle and older elderly, focused on gender differences. The elderly aged over 50 years old were extracted from the data of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA) in 2016. The data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and binary logistic regression analysis, using SAS 9.4. As a result, the elderly who were excluded from labor, residence, health, and relationship were found to be associated to depression. In addition, male with resident exclusion were associated with depression compared to non-excluded. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the local community programs in which elderly people can participate in labor and cultural activity. It is necessary to improve labor and culture exclusion by increasing the participation opportunities of various cultural programs. In addition, it is needed to establish specific guidelines for eliminating the social exclusion of overall elderly.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.221-241
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• 2018

Previous works have observed that persons who have experienced social exclusion have lower perceptions of body temperature and environmental temperature, and seek physical warmth such as warm drinks and warm water shower. The present study aimed to expand the results of these previous works to the dimensions of color emotions or color symbols. Hence, four experiments were conducted in which pictures of people with warm or cold colors applied to them were shown to the subjects, who were asked to evaluate the people in the pictures to determine whether their preferences changed depending on their perception of social exclusion. The results showed that the subjects with perceived social exclusion had stronger preferences for people in warm colors over those in cold colors, but the subjects without perceived social exclusion had no differences in their preferences for the people in the two types of colors. This study is significant in that it expanded the compensation hypothesis, which states that people try to compensate their psychological loss by pursuing external goals from the physical dimension to the emotional and symbolic dimensions. Furthermore, this study has implications in that it proposes the need for warm emotions in places where people who have experienced social exclusion are treated, such as psychological counseling centers.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2019

This exploratory study investigated the effects of the interaction between the experience of social exclusion and the presence or absence of a companion animal on the psychological well-being of individuals. Participants answered questions about whether or not they were respected by the community (yes or no); whether or not they currently have a companion animal (yes or no); and if they do, what kind of animal(s) they raise (multiple answers allowed). The study also assessed the psychological well-being of the participants. The group that experienced social exclusion demonstrated lower levels of psychological well-being than the group that did not. In addition, the group that reported the presence of at least one companion animal evinced higher levels of psychological well-being than the group that did not. Individuals who experienced social exclusion but lived with at least one companion animal were found to display superior psychological well-being than those who could not avail of the company of an animal. No difference in psychological well-being was found between those with a companion animal and those without one in the group that did not experience social exclusion. In conclusion, this study observed the effects of the binary interactions between social exclusion (experienced vs. not experienced) and the existence of companion animals (presence vs. absence) on the psychological well-being of people. The empirical data offer theoretical implications for the conditions in which companion animals do or do not improve psychological well-being in humans.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 2019

Climate change has been intensifying and affecting forest ecosystems. Over the years, the intensity and frequency of climate change have increased and the effects of climate change have been aggravating due to cumulative greenhouse gases such as CO₂, which has resulted in several negative consequences, drought being the main threat among all. Drought affects forest ecosystems directly and indirectly. Insufficient soil moisture, due to drought, may affect the growth of plants and soil respiration (SR), and soil temperature may increase because of desiccated soil. In addition, the mortality rate of plants and soil microorganisms increases. As a result, these effects could reduce forest productivity. Thus, in this article, we have presented various research studies on artificial drought using throughfall exclusion, and we have mainly focused on SR, which is significantly related to forest productivity. The research studies done worldwide were sorted as per the main groups of Köppen-Geiger climate classification and intensively reviewed, especially in tropical climates and temperate climates. We briefly reviewed the properties among the exclusion experiments about the temperate climate, which mostly includes Korean forests. Our review is not a proof of concept, but an assumption for adequate investigation of drought effects in the Korean forest.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2457-2464
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• 2013

In this paper, we design and analyze a mutual exclusion algorithm, based on the Token and Failure detector, in asynchronous distributed systems. A Failure Detector is an independent module that detects and reports crashes of other processes. There are some of advantages in rewriting the Token-based ME algorithm using a Failure Detector. We show that the Token-based ME algorithm, when using Failure Detector, is more effectively implemented than the classic Token-based ME algorithm for synchronous distributed systems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.806-811
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• 2017

A multiplex PCR system comprising 14 microsatellite markers was developed for genotyping analysis of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus. A total of 286 samples were used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms and forensic parameters of the microsatellite loci. In a single PCR reaction, all 14 loci were uniformly amplified and a total of 269 alleles were identified. The AJ19024 locus had the largest number of alleles (46), and its discriminatory power and exclusion power were 0.99 and 0.76, respectively. The fewest alleles (8) were present at the Psj2575 locus, which provided the lowest discriminatory power (0.81) and exclusion power (0.20). The mean number of alleles, mean heterozygosity, mean discrimination power and mean exclusion power per locus were 19.21, 0.70, 0.93, and 0.46, respectively. The combined matching probability for the 14 loci was $9.64{\times}10^{-19}$, and the combined power of exclusion was 0.999995. Thus, the forensic parameters evaluated in the present study demonstrated the utility of our multiplex PCR system for biological tracing methods, such as individual identification and paternity testing, in the sea cucumber.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.40-47
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• 2011

KSNPs(Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) have been applied the break exclusion criteria to the high energy lines passing through containment penetration area to ensure that piping failures would not cause the loss of containment isolation function, and to reduce the resulting dynamic effects. Systems with the criteria are the Main Steam system, Feed Water system, Steam Generator Blowdown system, and Chemical & Volume Control system. In accordance with FSAR(Final Safety Analysis Report), a 100% volumetric examination by augmented in-service inspection of all pipe welds appled the break exclusion criteria is required for the break exclusion application piping. However, it is difficult to fully satisfy the requirements of inspection because 12", 8" and 6" weldolet weldments of Main Steam pipe line have complex structural shapes. To resolve the difficulty on the application of conventional UT(Ultrasonic Testing) technique, realistic mock-ups and UT calibration blocks were made. Simulations of conventional UT were performed utilizing CIVA, a commercial NDE(Nondestructive Examination) simulation software. Phased array UT experiments were performed through mock-up including artificial notch type flaws. A phased array UT technique is finally developed to improve the reliability of ultrasonic test at main steam line pipe to 12", 8" and 6" branch connection weld.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.45
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• pp.185-219
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of social exclusion and underclass and to find out their implication for the poverty policy in Korea. Social exclusion as a concept, on the other hand, offers a broader perspective in addressing multi-dimensional disadvantage, especially in relation to social policy. The term underclass offers a convenient metaphor for use in commentaries on inner city crises because it evokes three widely shared perceptions: novelty, complexity, and danger. Conditions within inner cities are unprecedented; they cannot be reduced to a single factor; and they menace the rest of us. Open debate on the underclass accelerated in 1977 when Time magazine announced the emergence of a menacing underclass in America's inner cities. Drugs, crime, teenage pregnancy, and high unemployment, not poverty, defined the 'underclass,' most of whose members were young and minorities. With the publication in 1982 of Ken Auletta's Underclass, the word secured it dominance in the vocabulary of inner-city pathology. As implications for Korean poverty policy of the concept of social exclusion and underclass, the establishment of multi-dimensional concept of poverty, development of multi-dimensional approach of social work, improvement of National Basic Life Guarantee System, research on employment policy in social welfare field, and research on housing policy for the poor were suggested.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.712-720
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• 2020

Recently, to make the best use of limited and precious spectrum resources, spectrum sharing between satellite and cellular networks has received much interest. In this study, we mathematically analyze the success probability of a fixed (satellite) earth station (FES) based on a stochastic geometry framework. Both the FES and base stations (BSs) are assumed to be equipped with a directional antenna, and the location and the number of BSs are modeled based on the Poisson point process. Furthermore, an exclusion zone is considered, in which the BSs are prohibited from locating in a circular zone with a certain radius around the FES to protect it from severe interference from the cellular BSs. We validate the analytical results on the success probability of the cognitive satellite-terrestrial network with directional antennas by comparing it using extensive computer simulations and show the effect of the exclusion zone on the success probability at the FES. It is shown that the exclusion zone-based interference mitigation technique significantly improves the success probability as the exclusion zone increases.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-54
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• 2014

Resource sharing is a major advantage of distributed computing. However, a distributed computing system may have some physical or virtual resource that may be accessible by a single process at a time. The mutual exclusion issue is to ensure that no more than one process at a time is allowed to access some shared resource. The article proposes a token-based mutual exclusion algorithm for the clustered mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The mechanism that is adapted to handle token passing at the inter-cluster level is different from that at the intra-cluster level. It makes our algorithm message efficient and thus suitable for MANETs. In the interest of efficiency, we implemented a centralized token passing scheme at the intra-cluster level. The centralized schemes are inherently failure prone. Thus, we have presented an intra-cluster token passing scheme that is able to tolerate a failure. In order to enhance reliability, we applied a distributed token circulation scheme at the inter-cluster level. More importantly, the message complexity of the proposed algorithm is independent of N, which is the total number of nodes in the system. Also, under a heavy load, it turns out to be inversely proportional to n, which is the (average) number of nodes per each cluster. We substantiated our claim with the correctness proof, complexity analysis, and simulation results. In the end, we present a simple approach to make our protocol fault tolerant.