• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.345-349
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• 2000

To easily separate chitosanoligosaccharides by size exclusion, an coencapsulating technology of substrate and enzyme was developed. The membrane was composed of alginate and a divalent cation such as calcium. Chitosan and chitosanase were enveloped in this membrane and the product released to medium by size exclusion. The capsule was stabilized in a 2% acetic acid solution (pH 5.0) containing 0.145 M CaCO$_3$. The leakage of substrate caused by the agitation speed was controlled by increasing alginate and CaCO$_3$concentrations. The lower limit of the alginate concentration and the agitation speed were 0.5% and 49rpm, respectively. Membrane thickness and capsule diameter were 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 2.5mm, respectively. By TLC analysis, the composition of chitosanoligosaccharides were mainly 3-6 mers. The molecular weight distribution of the released oligosaccharides ranged from 262 to 3624 Da by GPC.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

The wind resource potentials of South Korea are estimated as preliminary stage using the national wind map which has been being established by numerical wind simulation and GIS (Geographical Information System) exclusion analysis. The wind resource potentials are classifying into theoretical, geographical, technical and implementation potentials and the calculation results are verified by comparing to other countries' potentials. In GIS exclusion, urban, road, water body, national parks and steep slope area are excluded from onshore geographical potential while water depth and offshore distance from the shoreline are applied as offshore exclusion conditions. To estimate implementation potential, dissemination records of European countries are adopted which is about 1/8 of geographical potential. The implementation potential of South Korea would correspond 12.5GW which is 1.7 times of the national wind energy dissemination target until 2030.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.53-72
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• 1991

The marine cargo insurance compensates the cargo losses that happened during navigation . at the early days of the marine insurance, the insurer inclusively covered all risks that happended during navigation. But since the feature of the risks have been changed due to the development of the shipbuilding technique and commerce, the insurer could not bear all of the perils inclusively. So, the insurer have taken the limitation of the risks insured and the losses paid by exclusion clauses. Therefore, the purpose ;of this paper is to compare the exclusion clauses in the new Institute Cargo Clause (hereafter I.C.C.) with those in the former I.C.C.(all risks, F.P.A) and to make clear the scope of insurer's liability through the theoretical interpretation, clarification of various excluded risks in laws and clauses relating to marine cargo insurance. From what 1 mentioned above, 1 conclude that through continued study on the exclusion sin the new I.C.C., we should organize and establish a system which will satisfy both underwriters and the assured in making the application and the effectiveness equal for each party.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.555-558
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• 2002

실시간 시스템의 개발 및 운영에 사용되는 실시간 운영체제는 여러 개의 태스크가 동시에 작업할 수 있는 멀티태스킹 환경과 각 태스크에 우선순위를 부여하여 가장 높은 우선순위의 태스크가 CPU 를 선점하는 스케줄링 방법, 태스크간 동기화 및 통신을 위한 메커니즘을 제공하고 있다. 그리고 여러 태스크들에 의해 사용되는 공유자원을 관리하기 위해 세마포어를 사용하여 태스크간에 동기화를 제공한다. 하지만 세마포어만으로 공유자원을 관리하게 되면 더 높은 우선순위의 태스크가 실행 준비 되어 있음에도 불구하고 상대적으로 낮은 우선순위의 태스크가 CPU 를 선점하는 우선순위 역전이 발생하여 실시간 운영체제의 핵심인 시간 결정성을 만족하지 못해 시스템에 심각한 문제를 발생 시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 운영체제인 $iRTOS^{TM}$에서 우선순위 역전을 예방하기 위한 방법중 하나인 Priority Ceiling Protocol을 이용한 Mutual Exclusion Semaphore를 설계하고 구현한 내용을 기술한다.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.61-76
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to review relationship between social integration and social capital in the residential redevelopment districts based on the system thinking perspective using causal loop analysis. The results are as follows. First, social exclusion phenomena brings about relative deprivation for rental housing occupants feeling left out and close by area residents. This acts as a motive triggering antisocial activities for the rental housing occupants. Second, rental housing and housing for installment should be mix-developed to improve social exclusion phenomenon issues. Third, increase of creating work program in the relationship between residential redevelopment districts and social capital boosts employments, individual earnings, and local area investments. The conclusion provides some research implications and future research direction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

There are various transversal structures (small dams or drop structures) in median and small streams in Korea. Most of them are concrete structures and it is so hard to exclude low-level water. Unless drainage valves and/or gates would not be installed near bottom of bed, sediment from upstream should be deposited and also contaminants attached to the sediments would devastatingly threaten the water quality and ecosystem. One of countermeasures for such problem is the bypass pipe installed underneath the transversal structure. However, there is still issued whether it would be workable if the gravels and/or stones would roll into and be not excluded. Therefore, in this study, the conditions to exclude the rip stone which enter into the bypass pipe was reviewed. Based on sediment transport phenomenon, the behavior of stones was investigated with the concepts from the critical shear stress of sediment and d'Alembert principle. As final results, the basis condition (${\tau}_c{^*}$) was derived using the Lagrangian description since the stones are in the moving state, not in the stationary state. From hydraulic experiments the relative velocity could be obtained. In order to minimize the scale effect, the extra wide channel of 5.0 m wide and 1.0 m high was constructed and the experimental stones were fully spherical ones. Experimental results showed that the ratio of flow velocity to spherical particle velocity was measured between 0.5 and 0.7, and this result was substituted into the suggested equation to identify the critical condition wether the stones were excluded. Regimes about the exclusion of stone in bypass pipe were divided into three types according to particle Reynolds number ($Re_p$) and dimensionless critical shear force (${\tau}_c{^*}$) - exclusion section, probabilistic exclusion section, no exclusion section. Results from this study would be useful and essential information for bypass pipe design in transveral structures.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

In today's society, the experience of social exclusion caused by being rejected or ignored, leads to negative social consequences, such as aggressive behavior, self-defeating thoughts, and diminished intelligence. This study is performed to examine 1) how two types of social exclusion, rejection and ignorance, affect conspicuous consumption and prosocial behavior and 2) how embodied cognition formed with a firmed muscle moderates their causal relationships. For this purpose, half of the participants in ignorance and rejection conditions were asked to grip their hands to form a firmed muscle (firmed muscle group) while the other half (control group) were not. After the manipulation of embodied cognition, their conspicuous consumption and intention of prosocial behavior were measured. Results show that, in ignorance condition, the firmed muscle group exhibited lower conspicuous consumption and higher intention of prosocial behavior than the control group while, in rejection condition, there were no differences in conspicuous consumption and intention of social behavior between firmed muscle and control groups. Findings indicate that, in the case of social exclusion caused by ignorance, firmed muscle improves self-efficacy, which may increase prosocial behavior.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.291-316
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• 2010

This study aimed to look for the possibility of dissolving social exclusion about the social vulnerable classes through the culture welfare programs. For this purpose, we analyzed interview records focused on the culture welfare practitioners applying the Modified Grounded Theory Approach worked out by Kinosita. The results showed that the culture welfare programs functionated of dissolving social exclusion about the social weaks by enhancing latent faculties and the sense of self-respect of them through providing various opportunities of culture fruition. It was appeared that the culture welfare programs promoted creative competence and the sense of self-respect, and strengthened the sense of solidarity of the participants by using the approaching strategies of offering various opportunities of creational experience, atypical operating programs centered on the process, establishing of the participants' subjecthood, and communal activities. That is, it was proved that actually the social weaks experienced the change of life with feeling emotional satisfaction, promoting family and human relationship, establishing positive identity, empowerment, participating communal activities, and so on, through the culture welfare programs. From these results we can know that if we provide the programs mixing the culture welfare programs with social welfare services which traditionally reinforced social exclusion about the social vulnerable classes by stigma, the social exclusion about them can be dissolved.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.12-19
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• 2004

Binding mechanisms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a purified Aldrich humic acid (PAHA) and its ultrafiltration (UF) size fractions were investigated. Organic carbon normalized binding coefficient ($K_oc$) values were estimated by both a conventional Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching technique and a modified fluorescence quenching method. Pyrene $K_oc$ values depended on PAHA concentration as well as freely dissolved pyrene concentration. Such nonlinear sorption-type behaviors suggested the existence of specific interactions. Smaller molecular size PAH (naphthalene) exhibited higher $K_oc$ value with medium-size PAHA UF fractions whereas larger size PAH (pyrene) had higher extent of binding with larger PAHA UF fractions. The inconsistent observation for naphthalene versus pyrene was well explained by size exclusion effect, one of the previously suggested specific mechanisms for PAH binding. In general, the extent of pyrene binding increased with lower pH likely due to the neutralization of acidic functional groups in HS and the subsequent increase in hydrophobic HS region. However, pyrene $K_oc$ results with a large UF fraction (>100K Da) corroborated the existence of the size exclusion effect as demonstrated by an increase in $K_oc$ values at a certain higher pH range. The size exclusion effect appears to be effective only for the specific conditions (HS size or pH) that render HS hole st겨ctures to fit a target PAH.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.173-183
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• 2015

This study has analyzed the factors that influence the unification perception of adolescents. To achieve this, 399 adolescents who live in Gyeonggi, Chungnam and Chungbuk area were selected as study subjects. For the data analysis, PASW Statistics 18.0 was used. The main results of this study are as follows: First, the level of unification perception of general and multi-cultural family adolescents were 3.22 and 2.96 respectively showing that general adolescents were significantly higher. Second, the factors that influence the unification perception were shown to be same for each group, but significantly different for their influence of each group. The factors that influence the unification perception of general adolescents were shown in the order of national identity, unification education, exclusion of school life. The factors that influence the unification perception of adolescents in multi-cultural family were shown in the order of exclusion of family relationship, national identity, exclusion of school life. Third, in the relationship between social exclusion and unification perception, buffering effects of national identity were identified to be different in each group. Based on these results, several ways were suggested to improve the unification perception of adolescents.