• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.486-491
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• 2006

Heterogeneous membranes were prepared by compression molding for the recovery of ammonium ion from waste water. Degree of sulfonation for sulfonated ion exchange resin increased with increasing amount of chlorosulfonic acid. It was 3.32 meq/g at 10 vol%. The tensile strength and elongation of the heterogeneous membrane was decreased with increasing contents of ion exchange resin. The tensile strength for LLDPE matrix membrane was the highest and also the elongation for EVA matrix membranes were the highest. The water content of heterogeneous membrane was increased with increasing contents of ion exchange resin. The maximum value of transport number for PE matrix membrane was 0.973. The electrical resistance of LLDPE matrix membrane was the lowest. It was value of $10.36{\Omega}/cm^2$ at 70 wt% resins.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

The elliptical trainers(ET) can be a good tool for educating engineers by analyzing physical responses in terms of Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER, epm) and Heart Rate (HR, bpm). For the various energy expenditure, exercise speed, and weight loss both RER and HR are studied in order to study the blood circulations based on the health training cardiorespiratory. As the results, (1) RER increases gradually as the energy expenditure, however, HR increases gradually up to a critical value and then increases rapidly. The critical value of the energy expenditure in our studies was 275 Cal. (2) RER increases gradually as the ET speed increases, however, HR increases gradually up to a critical value and then increases rapidly. The critical value of the ET speed in our studies was about 6.7km/h. (3) RER increases gradually as the weight loss increases (or, the metabolic cost increases), however, HR is almost nothing to do with the increase of the weight loss.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2007

The sulfonated ion exchange fibers were synthesized by $Co^{60}\;{\gamma}-ray$ radiation-induced graft copolymerization. Degree of grafting was increased with increasing the total dose. The degree of grafting for POF-g-St/DVB copolymer was 1000%. The ion exchange capacity of sulfonated ion exchange fibers were increased by increasing the degree of sulfonation. Its maximum value was 5.06 meq/g. The ion exchange capacity of sulfonated POF- co-St/DVB ion exchange fiber was higher than that of the sulfonated POF- co-styrene ion exchange fibers. The amount of adsorption for heavy metals were also increased with increase in the degree of grafting of the ion exchange fibers.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.139-157
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• 2019

This study is intended for demonstrating the impacts of different factors on the formation of online consumer engagement behavior of young Chinese moviegoer in Korea. Based on Value-Exchange Model [Itani et al., 2019], we build research model to reveal the relationships among perceived enjoyment, perceived movie information value, multiplex-audience relationship quality, multiplex usage satisfaction, and online consumer engagement through experiments on valid data we collected from 186 participants who had lived in Korea and experienced the multiplex pages of top 3 movie theaters, where Smart PLS 3.0 is the tool used for statistical analysis. The experimental results show that both perceived enjoyment and perceived movie information value positively correlate to multiplex-audience relationship quality, and multiplex audience relationship quality significantly influences multiplex usage satisfaction and online consumer engagement. In addition, it is found that relationship quality plays the role of mediator between perceived enjoyment and satisfaction. The findings from this study offer both academic and managerial implications for movie distributors who are interested in developing potential Chinese consumer market in Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of managerial ownership on firm value in capital markets where outside governance mechanisms to discipline managers are weak or non-existent. We hypothesize that strong market forces in the U.S. confound the effect of managerial ownership on firm value, i.e., the convergence of interest argument. We test the hypothesis using data from 112 firms from Singapore Stock Exchange and 205 firms from the Stock Exchange of Thailand prior to the Asian financial crisis in 1997 when the market forces were weak, yet the investor protection was sufficient to prevent outright appropriation from management. For ease of comparison, we use methodologies from studies done on the U.S. sample firms during the same study period as ours. We find that, both in Singapore and Thailand, firm value is a function of managerial ownership, and the relation is of the famous inverted U-shaped. Moreover, the relation is robust under different model specifications. The results from Thai sample, with weaker market forces than in Singapore, lend support to many agency cost hypotheses advanced in the U.S. Our results provide useful implication for investors in emerging and frontier markets where outside governance mechanisms are yet to be fully developed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.83-89
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• 2023

Purpose: Research on spin-off and treasury stock is necessary because the market has realized that this can be utilized for major shareholder private interest. Considering the unique characteristic of a spin-off and treasury stock in the Korean stock market, this study contributes to the literature by examining the effects on shareholder value in the Korean distribution industry. Research design, data, and methodology: The present study investigates literature, analyst reports, and news articles to examine the spin-off process and analyze how treasury stock magic happens. Results: Setting the exchange ratio favoring Spin-Co in the spin-off is the leading cause for reducing the minor shareholders' value. Moreover, treating treasury stock as an asset is also problematic, allowing the allocation of Spin-Co shares. This leads to an increase in the major shareholder controls of Spin-Co without any contribution from the major shareholders. Therefore, the exchange ratio should be calculated reasonably, and treasury stock from the stock repurchase should be treated as stock retirement. Conclusion: By analyzing the spin-off and how treasury stock magic occurs, this study provides recommendations to improve shareholder value. Moreover, it contributes to the maturation of the Korean capital market by promoting a discussion on the revision of spin-off and treasury stock.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

Polyamide containing carboxylic acid was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid in dichloroethane under various conditions. The impact of the sulfonating agent concentration, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the ion exchange capacity was investigated. The mechanical and thermal properties, the contact angle, and the change of poly-dispersity were calculated for studying change of their properties. The reactions were effective, when the temperature was below $10^{\circ}C$ and the concentration of chlorosulfonic acid was below 0.05 mol. The value of ion exchange capacity was increased with reaction time. Thermal and mechanical properties were nearly unchanged according to the degree of sulfonation, but the contact angle was increased with increasing the value of ion exchange capacity.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.95-104
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• 2020

This study examines the effect of fintech on retail banks stock return listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018 as today's new technology lead to the emergence of fintech companies playing the same role as retail banks in the financial industry. This study is conducted quantitatively using monthly data from January 2016 to October 2018 and uses fintech as independent variable, proxied by fintech funding frequency and fintech funding value. Data transformation is conducted due to data volatility. The data of fintech funding, both frequency and value, is transformed into standardized fintech funding and growth of fintech funding. The data is obtained from Crunchbase, while the data of stock returns is obtained from Investing. This study further analyzes the data using Fama French Three-Factor Model and panel data regression. We found that fintech has no significant effect on retail banks' stock returns listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018. The findings of the study provide some useful insights in understanding fintech companies' current position to retail banks in Indonesia. This study also suggests banking institutions, fintech companies, policy-makers, and others to take advantageous steps in building inclusive financial sectors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.375-381
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• 2021

Underpricing signifies that IPO share prices do not reflect the fundamental value of the listed company. Corporate governance plays an essential role in IPOs where the board of directors, the independent board of directors, and the board of supervisors are significant elements of accurate share pricing. The study investigates the underpricing phenomena and short-term performance of the IPO companies during the listing process in the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE). The work outcomes illustrate the role of the corporate organizational structure in the period of the IPO process that may attract potential investors. The hypothesis testing is conducted with a multiple regression model including 100 observations from enterprises doing IPO listed on HOSE. The study results generate signals for the investors and regulators that the board of directors holds a strong negative influence on the underpricing process. Secondly, the level of the independent board of directors and stock exchange in itself has no significant impact on the underpricing process. Underpricing is one of the many anomalies of the stock exchanges that provide wrong signals for the market participants. Identifying stock prices that reflect their intrinsic value is an ongoing debate among scholars, investors, and other market participants.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.469-477
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• 2021

In this paper, the relationship between the profitability level of an enterprise and the credit policy adopted by an enterprise was measured. A sample of industrial firms listed on the stock exchanges of Iraq, Jordan, and Kuwait was analyzed. Five industrial firms were randomly selected from each exchange with a condition of having at least 5 year-activity. The total sample size was 15 industrial firms. The study financial data was imported from the sample firms' websites. The financial data was for the financial year 2017. The Regression Analysis was adopted to measure the impact of trade credit on the profitability of an enterprise using the SPSS software. It was found that the receivable accounts have a proportional relationship with the turnover property rights rate. Similarly, the statistical results showed that the turnover property rights rate increased with an increase in the turnover receivable accounts rate and the percentage of investment in receivable accounts. The influence of trade credit on the enterprise profitability percentage in the Iraq stock exchange, Amman stock exchange, and Boursa Kuwait were 0.938, 0.200, and 0.089, respectively. The results showed that the three secondary assumptions were incorrect, while the zeroth assumption, i.e., trade credit has no influence on profitability, was correct.