• Title/Summary/Keyword: Excessive Salivation

Search Result 6, Processing Time 0.026 seconds

The Physiological Suppressing Factors of Dry Forage Intake and the Cause of Water Intake Following Dry Forage Feeding in Goats - A Review

  • Sunagawa, Katsunori;Nagamine, Itsuki
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.29 no.2
    • /
    • pp.159-169
    • /
    • 2016
  • The goats raised in the barn are usually fed on fresh grass. As dry forage can be stored for long periods in large amounts, dry forage feeding makes it possible to feed large numbers of goats in barns. This review explains the physiological factors involved in suppressing dry forage intake and the cause of drinking following dry forage feeding. Ruminants consume an enormous amount of dry forage in a short time. Eating rates of dry forage rapidly decreased in the first 40 min of feeding and subsequently declined gradually to low states in the remaining time of the feeding period. Saliva in large-type goats is secreted in large volume during the first hour after the commencement of dry forage feeding. It was elucidated that the marked suppression of dry forage intake during the first hour was caused by a feeding-induced hypovolemia and the loss of $NaHCO_3$ due to excessive salivation during the initial stages of dry forage feeding. On the other hand, it was indicated that the marked decrease in feed intake observed in the second hour of the 2 h feeding period was related to ruminal distension caused by the feed consumed and the copious amount of saliva secreted during dry forage feeding. In addition, results indicate that the marked decreases in dry forage intake after 40 min of feeding are caused by increases in plasma osmolality and subsequent thirst sensations produced by dry forage feeding. After 40 min of the 2 h dry forage feeding period, the feed salt content is absorbed into the rumen and plasma osmolality increases. The combined effects of ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality accounted for 77.6% of the suppression of dry forage intake 40 min after the start of dry forage feeding. The results indicate that ruminal distension and increased plasma osmolality are the main physiological factors in suppression of dry forage intake in large-type goats. There was very little drinking behavior observed during the first hour of the 2 h feeding period most water consumption occurring in the second hour. The cause of this thirst sensation during the second hour of dry forage feeding period was not hypovolemia brought about by excessive salivation, but rather increases in plasma osmolality due to the ruminal absorption of salt from the consumed feed. This suggests the water intake following dry forage feeding is determined by the level of salt content in the feed.

Electrocution caused by a fallen electric wire in Korean native cattles

  • Bae, You-Chan;Lee, Kyung-Hyun;Yoon, Soon-Seek;Heo, Jung-Ho;Lee, O-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.48 no.2
    • /
    • pp.219-221
    • /
    • 2008
  • We report the electrocution of Korean native cattle by a fallen electric wire, which caused the death of thirteen animals. The owner of the cattle felt an electric shock on touching the steel pen and found a fallen 220-V wire on the roof of the barn; additionally, the roof was singed. Clinically, the animals developed spasm, difficulty breathing, and excessive salivation. Histopathologically, many visceral organs revealed severe congestion or hemorrhage, which is consistent with previous reports. This study revealed that the proper installation of electric wires on farms is essential to prevent economic loss by electrocution.

Application of Plate and Circumferential Wiring with Resin to Bilateral Mandibular Fractures in a Calf: Case Report

  • Yu, Yong;Kim, Namsoo;Heo, Suyoung
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
    • /
    • v.37 no.6
    • /
    • pp.363-366
    • /
    • 2020
  • A 2-month-old, 50 kg male Korean native calf was referred with bilateral mandibular fractures. The bilateral mandible was hanging loose, with inability to use the jaw, indicated by excessive salivation. Radiography revealed a long oblique fracture in the right mandible, and a short oblique fracture in the left mandible. Computerized Tomography, a different form of radiography, revealed the fracture in the left mandible to be a comminuted fracture. In order to stabilize the bilateral mandible fractures, a combination of bone plate and wiring was applied; in addition, resin was applied to enhance stabilization of the mandible. Six weeks after surgery, the calf was able to masticate and ruminate well. In this case, application of the plate and wiring with resin to bilateral mandibular fractures presented a successful functional recovery. Accordingly, the combination of bone plate and wiring with resin can be an effective technique for treating mandibular fractures.

High-salt and glucose diet attenuates alveolar bone recovery in a ligature-induced rat model of experimental periodontitis

  • Lee, Wan;Lee, Seoung Hoon;Kim, Min-Seuk;Choi, Eun Joo
    • International Journal of Oral Biology
    • /
    • v.45 no.4
    • /
    • pp.204-210
    • /
    • 2020
  • Excessive intake of sodium caused by high salt diet promotes the expression of inflammatory cytokines and differentiation of helper T cells resulting in inflammatory responses. High-glucose diet also contributes to the pathogenesis of periodontitis by inducing changes in the oral microbiome and reducing salivation. However, the effect of a high-salt and glucose diet (HSGD) on the prognosis of periodontitis remains unclear. In this study, a rat model of experimental periodontitis was established by periodic insertion of absorbable sutures containing Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum strains into the right gingival sulcus to analyze the effect of HSGD on the incidence and progression of periodontitis. The alveolar bone heights (ABH) was measured with microcomputed tomography imaging of the HSGD- and general diet (GD)-treated groups. The right ABH was significantly decreased compared to the left in both groups at 4 weeks after induction of inflammation; however, no significant difference was noted between the groups. Notably, the ABH in the HSGD-treated group was significantly decreased at 8 weeks after induction of inflammation, whereas in the GD-treated group, an increase in the ABH was observed; a significant difference of the ABH was noted between the two groups (p < 0.05). At 12 weeks, recovery of the alveolar bone was observed in both groups, with no significant differences in ABH between the two groups. These findings indicate that the intake of excessive sodium attenuates the recovery rate of the alveolar bone even after the local infectant is removed. In addition, this study demonstrates the use of HSGD in establishing a new animal model of periodontitis.

Devastating endosulfan poisoning in Korean native cattle (한우 집단 폐사를 유발한 엔도설판 중독 사례)

  • Lee, Bo-Ram;Lee, Hyun-Kyoung;Lee, Kyung-Hyun;Yoon, Soon-Seek;Kim, Meekyung;Park, Jung-Won;Jeong, Seon-Hyang;Lee, Myoung-Heon;Bae, You-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
    • /
    • v.53 no.4
    • /
    • pp.269-271
    • /
    • 2013
  • Here, we report the poisoning case of 10 cows. Several distinct clinical signs such as convulsion, excessive salivation, circling, lateral recumbency, and death were observed. Necropsy and histopathological examination did not reveal any significant abnormal findings. Moreover, no bacteria or viruses were detected in tissue, blood, and feeding food. However, endosulfan was detected from the stomach contents and microbials. Our results strongly suggest that death of cows may be closely associated with endosulfan poisoning.

A Clinical Observation on Children with Corrosive Esophagitis (소아 부식성 식도염의 임상적 고찰)

  • Choi, Dong-Hyeon;Cho, Moon-Gi;Ju, Hyo-Geun;Kim, Byung-Ju;Ma, Jae-Sook
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
    • /
    • v.3 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-8
    • /
    • 2000
  • Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical features and complication such as esophageal stricture in children with corrosive esophagitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 31 children who accidentally ingested corrosive materials and visited to emergency room of Chonnam National University Hospital from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1999. Twenty-one children were examined by upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy to evaluate location and severity of caustic injury. Results: 1) Among 31 patients, there were 20 males and 11 females and the ratio of male to female was 2:1. Average age at diagnosis was 2.3 years (12 months to 9.8 years). Twenty-seven (87.1%) patients were accidentally ingested vinegar. 2) Initial presenting symptoms were dysphagia (54.8%), vomiting (48.3%), chemical burn on lips and skin (45.2%), excessive salivation (45.2%), coughing and respiratory grunting (32.3%) and aspiration pneumonia (9.8%). 3) UGI endoscopic examination showed caustic injury in 17 children: grade I in 8, grade II in 7 and grade III in 2. The region of caustic injury was proximal esophagus in 5, distal esophagus in 3, entire esophagus in 9 and stomach in 6. 4) Corrosive esophageal strictures developed in 6 children (19.4%) and gastric outlet stricture in 1 (3.2%). All of them showed grade II or III caustic injury on endoscopic examination. Conclusion: The development of esophageal stricture was related to the severity of the caustic injury. Early UGI endoscopic examination in caustic ingestion seems to be useful for prediction of development of caustic stricture.

  • PDF