• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1990.06a
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• pp.567-571
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• 1990

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

• Korean Architects
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• s.632
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• pp.17-17
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• 2021

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

Yongyanggaktang has been used in oriental medicine as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease and eclampsia for many years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Yongyanggaktang and its exception of Cornu Saigae Tataricae(羚羊角) in YYG about regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in rats. 1. rCBF was increased by Yongyanggaktang in dose dependently. 2. rCBF was increased by exception of Cornu Saigae Tataricae(羚羊角) in YYG at high dosages. 3. rCBF was decreased by Yongyanggaktang pretreated propranolol. 4. L-NNA did not affect rCBF. 5.ODQ did not affect rCBF. Above the results. Yongyanggaktang relates to the symphathetic action.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

The effects of monazite and fixing agents on cotton fabric dyed with Perilla frutescens var. acuta extract were investigated. The proper monazite treatment concentration, temperature and time were 10%(o.w.b.), $50^{\circ}C$ and 60minutes. By various fixing agent treatment, $FeSO_4$ showed a relatively high K/S value and the order of K/S value decreased as follows, cation surface active agents, soybean and NaCl. And the monazite and $FeSO_4$ fixing agent showed higher anion emissity than those of untreated cotton and other fixing agents. The cotton fabrics showed improved color fastness by monazite and fixing agents treatments with the exception of light fastness. And the cotton fabrics fixed with fixing agents were showed effective bacterial reduction with the exception of NaCl.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-79
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and to examine the effects of transactional leadership on job satisfaction. This study tried to verify the facial feedback hypothesis in causal relations of charisma, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, contingent reward, management by exception, job satisfaction. The self-administerd survey was undertaken against 380 respondents who soldier working in Daegu. A total of 375 responses were collected. Excluding missing data, 337 usable data were used for analysis. Results of this study are as follows. First, it is found that charisma factor is positively impact on job satisfaction. Second, it is found that individualized consideration factor is positively impact on job satisfaction. Third, it is found that contingent reward factor is positively impact on job satisfaction. Fourth, it is found that management by exception is positively impact on job satisfaction. The theoretical implication and practical implication for the army and government are discussed. The limitations are also mentioned.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1351-1363
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• 1990

In this paper, a reliable control system structured with dual CPU modules and dual I/O modules is implemented as a means of achieving a highly reliable fault tolerant control system. For this, faults in the system modules are first examined, and a fault detection technique consisting of self diagnostic, comparison process, and exception processing is applied. Self diagnostic is used to locate which components in the modules have been failed, while comparison process is to cmpare control outputs computed by both CPU modules and protect the plant from malfunction by blocking failed control outputsin advance. Finally exception processing is used to determine the faults that are not detected immediately by the self diagnostic and comparison process, e.g. bus error processing when acknowledge signal for data transfer is not activeted in the I/O modules. Also reliability analysis is conducted for the discrete time Markov model with dual structure. It is shown quantitatively that the reliability is improved in the control system with dual structure in comparison with a system with single module structure.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.231-239
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• 1999

CAPM explains the rate of return for the risk asset by $\beta$, systematic risk. There are some assumption in CAPM. But CAPM can not explain the movement of stock price sufficiently due to limitation of the assumptions. Therefore many scholars study which variables with the exception of $\beta$ effect on the rate of return of risk asset for supplementing this limitation by using PER, size of firm etc.. But it will be natural that PER, size of firm etc. to be determinant factors of $\beta$ also effect on the abnormal rate of return, because PER, size of firm etc. used in their studies already effect on determination of $\beta$, . That is, the determinant factors of $\beta$ effect on determination of abnormal rate of return according as $\beta$, effects on abnormal rate of return. Therefore, this study tests empirically how the determinant factors of $\beta$, effect on determination of$\beta$, ,and how $\beta$ and the determinant factor of $\beta$ effect on the abnormal rate of return in CAPM.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.93-108
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• 2014

To support business decision making, interests and efforts to analyze and use transaction data in different perspectives are increasing. Such efforts are not only limited to customer management or marketing, but also used for monitoring and detecting fraud transactions. Fraud transactions are evolving into various patterns by taking advantage of information technology. To reflect the evolution of fraud transactions, there are many efforts on fraud detection methods and advanced application systems in order to improve the accuracy and ease of fraud detection. As a case of fraud detection, this study aims to provide effective fraud detection methods for auction exception agricultural products in the largest Korean agricultural wholesale market. Auction exception products policy exists to complement auction-based trades in agricultural wholesale market. That is, most trades on agricultural products are performed by auction; however, specific products are assigned as auction exception products when total volumes of products are relatively small, the number of wholesalers is small, or there are difficulties for wholesalers to purchase the products. However, auction exception products policy makes several problems on fairness and transparency of transaction, which requires help of fraud detection. In this study, to generate fraud detection rules, real huge agricultural products trade transaction data from 2008 to 2010 in the market are analyzed, which increase more than 1 million transactions and 1 billion US dollar in transaction volume. Agricultural transaction data has unique characteristics such as frequent changes in supply volumes and turbulent time-dependent changes in price. Since this was the first trial to identify fraud transactions in this domain, there was no training data set for supervised learning. So, fraud detection rules are generated using outlier detection approach. We assume that outlier transactions have more possibility of fraud transactions than normal transactions. The outlier transactions are identified to compare daily average unit price, weekly average unit price, and quarterly average unit price of product items. Also quarterly averages unit price of product items of the specific wholesalers are used to identify outlier transactions. The reliability of generated fraud detection rules are confirmed by domain experts. To determine whether a transaction is fraudulent or not, normal distribution and normalized Z-value concept are applied. That is, a unit price of a transaction is transformed to Z-value to calculate the occurrence probability when we approximate the distribution of unit prices to normal distribution. The modified Z-value of the unit price in the transaction is used rather than using the original Z-value of it. The reason is that in the case of auction exception agricultural products, Z-values are influenced by outlier fraud transactions themselves because the number of wholesalers is small. The modified Z-values are called Self-Eliminated Z-scores because they are calculated excluding the unit price of the specific transaction which is subject to check whether it is fraud transaction or not. To show the usefulness of the proposed approach, a prototype of fraud transaction detection system is developed using Delphi. The system consists of five main menus and related submenus. First functionalities of the system is to import transaction databases. Next important functions are to set up fraud detection parameters. By changing fraud detection parameters, system users can control the number of potential fraud transactions. Execution functions provide fraud detection results which are found based on fraud detection parameters. The potential fraud transactions can be viewed on screen or exported as files. The study is an initial trial to identify fraud transactions in Auction Exception Agricultural Products. There are still many remained research topics of the issue. First, the scope of analysis data was limited due to the availability of data. It is necessary to include more data on transactions, wholesalers, and producers to detect fraud transactions more accurately. Next, we need to extend the scope of fraud transaction detection to fishery products. Also there are many possibilities to apply different data mining techniques for fraud detection. For example, time series approach is a potential technique to apply the problem. Even though outlier transactions are detected based on unit prices of transactions, however it is possible to derive fraud detection rules based on transaction volumes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.72-80
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• 2016

The market size of plant projects in overseas is so large that domestic EPC project contractors are actively seeking the overseas projects and then trying to meet completion plans since successful fulfillment of these projects can provide great opportunities for them to expand into new foreign markets. International EPC projects involve all of the uncertainties common to domestic projects as well as uncertainties specific to foreign projects including marine transportation, customs, regulations, nationality, culture and so on. When overseas project gets off-schedule, the resulting uncertainty may trigger unexpected exceptions and then critical effects to the project performance. It usually require much more time and costs to encounter these exceptions in foreign sites compared to domestic project sites. Therefore, an exception handling approach is required to manage exceptions effectively for successful project progress in foreign project sites. In this research, we proposed a methodology for prediction and evaluation of exceptions caused by risks in international EPC projects based on sensitivity analysis and Bayesian Networks. First, we identified project schedule risks and related exceptions, which may meet during the fulfillment of foreign EPC projects that is performed in a sequence of engineering, procurement, preparatory manufacture, foreign shipping, construction, inspection and modification activities, and affect project performance, using literature review and expert interviews. The impact of exceptions to the schedule delay were also identified. Second, we proposed a methodology to predict the occurrence of exceptions caused by project risks and evaluate them. Using sensitivity analysis, we can identify activities that critically affect schedule delay and need to focus by priority. Then, we use Bayesian Networks to predict and evaluate exceptions. Third, we applied the proposed methodology to an international EPC project example to validate the proposed approach. Finally, we concluded the research with the further research topics. We expect that the proposed approach can be extended to apply in exception management in project management.