• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.132-144
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to provide the background of developing guides to clinical performance and basic clinical skills and to introduce how to teach and learn using the guide. The students' performance problems presented in an objective clinical skills examination were disease-centered tertiary hospital clinical care, incomplete performance, doing by rote, and an exam-oriented learning attitude. The problems were caused by a tertiary hospital-based educational environment as well as schools and faculty who are unfamiliar with the concept of patient-centered care. The purpose of the guide to clinical performance and basic clinical skills is to overcome these problems and address the causes. The guides show a clinical presentation approach to primary care; clinical care integrated with knowledge, skills, and attitude; a schematic approach; and a patient-centered attitude. To achieve these goals, a strategy to change the educational culture is important. Curricular reform, faculty development, and improving educational facilities and environments are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1987

Cancer of the head and neck is an uncommon disease accounting for 5 % of all cancers. In an anatomic area so readily visible and palpable for examination without special and expensive diagnositic tools, it is unfortunate that many patients still present with advanced diseases. Since the prognosis is so intimately related to stage of disease, it is very important to detect the earliest stage of cancer with a complete head and neck examination. In the evaluation of cancer at any anatomic site, the description of the extent of the lesion is important. Not only does proper staging of the tumor lead to make decision of the most appropriate treatment, it also serves as a guide for the results of treatment. Proper staging demands a careful clinical assesment of the extent of the cancer. The current staging system for head and neck cancer uses the TNM system devised by American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Result Reporting. T represent the primary tumor, N, regional nodal metastases, and M, distant metastases. The detection, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of eary cancer will result in improved survival.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

This paper presented a literature review and investigation analysis results of total 19 present guide book and provisions of maintenance and management system in existing railway bridges to development of urban maglev track structures inspection manual. This research carried out a cooperated research subject 3-1, development a design code and maintenance and management inspection manual for urban maglev track structures, of the Center for Urban Maglev Program. Three types of track structures were includes as a major analytical parameter together with railroad, high speed railroad, subway and light rail transit. Bridges were analyzed a general rules, investigation, evaluation, repair and strengthen method as a key aspect. And rail were analyzed examination and maintenance also. This analysis results show that the track structures evaluation are based on the test and examination results, and repaired or strengthened consideration of deterioration, track irregularity and materials according to provision requirements.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-52
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• 2007

Research related to Web-based learning (WBL) has grown exponentially in the last decade. Scholars have explored a variety of areas related to WBL, including techniques, strategies and best practices. One area of particular interest to scholars is the potential of WBL to support and facilitative collaborative learning. Despite the continued exploration, there continues to be a concern related to the theoretical foundations of WBL. The purpose of this article is to explore how different theories may be used to guide research and inform practice in online collaborative learning. We integrate the major points drawn from current research and theory from a variety of perspectives so as to gain a better understanding of how learning is enabled by asynchronous modes of online collaborative learning. We then use this understanding to identify opportunities and challenges for theory development and research in WBL.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.107-116
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• 2010

Government and company are unfolding greenhouse gas reduction activity to prevent the effects of global warming. Also, verification business through greenhouse gas inventory construction is spreaded variously. Greenhouse gas verification proceeds by document examination, risk analysis, field survey. Document investigates emission information, calculation standard, emission report, data management system. And through risk assessment result, establish field verification plan. Through study on risk assessment of greenhouse gas inventory verification, wish to reduce risk of verification.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

In recent, the enhancement of guide signs system for expressway were studied. And newly suggested signs in that research show left-right bilingual (Korean/English) configuration of 2 destinations whereas existing signs showed top-bottom configuration. However the new configuration have not been evaluated with discreet examination. In this study, several bilingual configuration designs are developed and evaluated with human factors experiment. Therefore the design with the shortest legibility time were chosen as a best design. As a result, the fact that the change of Korean/English configuration shows different results of the legibility time was confirmed. The guide sign with left-right bilingual (Korean/English) configuration of 2 destinations showed less legibility time than that of the existing signs with top-bottom configuration.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.436-451
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to prove that a tourism is not a personal act but a social product, through the examination of 'disciplinary power' existing in Vietnam package tour. The results are summarized as follows: A tour guide, together with the tourist agency, was the agent of the tourism. He exercised power by using surveillance, punishment, partition, and so on. Tourists were the target at first as they were under surveillance of the guide. However, they became self-regulatory actors, which is so called 'modern tourists' in this paper, by learning and internalizing how to be empowered. In this way, a tourist was transformed into the agent of the tourism finally. Power was not owned either by a guide or a tourist, rather it existed as guide tourist relations. Power was not restricted to a specific tourism destination but it existed in all destinations. In addition, power was not repressive but productive in a sense that tourists became self-regulatory actors. This kind of power is so called 'disciplinary power.'

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.123-155
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• 2007

This research treated the secondary school teachers as the research scale and the research targets included the following: secondary school (employ unit), center of teacher education, and qualified teachers. In terms of these three groups of people, the topics of exploration focused on the perception of suitable teachers, perception of evaluation standard during the process of teacher examination and the relationship among teacher examination systems. The research was managed by two phases: the first phase referred to literature reorganization, expert interview, the qualities and conditions of suitable teachers, important evaluation standard during the process of teacher examination and teacher examination system used; the second phase included questionnaire survey, employ school acquisition, the perception of centers of teacher education and qualified teachers toward the suitability condition and examination evaluation standard in the first phase and teacher examination system used. This research found out that as to the perception of suitable teachers, through data collection, there were six factors reorganized. The levels of their importance were as follows: education devotion, teaching capacity, class management, capacity to guide special students, capacity to communicate with the parents and the will to undertake administrative works. Noticeably, employee unit and centers of teacher education apparently valued class management more, compared with trained teachers; as to evaluation standard of examination, the analytical result found out that the perception of three groups were different in terms of the views toward educational works, written examination data, candidate's age, club experience at school and capacity to use multimedia support teaching materials. This research further proposed six suggestions for centers of teacher education and trained teachers: (l) employ schools considerably valued educational devotion; (2) trained teachers tended to neglect the importance of class management; (3) employee unit considerably cared about the new teachers' competence to use multimedia support teaching materials; however, trained teachers did not have the same view; (4) employee unit considerably cared about new teachers' views toward educational works as well as the candidates' ages; (5) generally speaking, trained teachers neglected the importance of club experience at school; (6) the data revealed that written examination data was not relatively important in terms of teacher examination.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2023

The Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute is currently evaluating spirometry tests used for worker health examinations by applying the 2005 American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) spirometric test standardization guide and reviewing the application of the 2019 ATS/ERS guide. To compare results obtained using the new evaluation criteria with previous results and determine whether it is appropriate to apply them to Korean workers' health examinations, we reviewed spirometry results from 325 special health examination institutions. Although evaluation criteria such as extrapolation volume, correction error, and forced inspiratory vital capacity were applied more strictly, institutions had higher reliability scores. Primarily because the acceptability and repeatability of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were judged separately, and thus, deduction width was reduced. The study shows that adopting the new evaluation criteria would reduce the possible use of inappropriate data, increase tester and doctor understanding of result selection and interpretation, increase result reliability, and reduce the testing burden.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Normal embryonic development at a constant temperature ($18^{\circ}C$) has been described for the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii (Acipenseriformes). Hormone-induced spawning and artificial insemination were performed to prepare embryonic batches for embryologic examination. After insemination, early cleavages of the Siberian sturgeon embryos continued for 7 h post-fertilization (HPF), showing the typical pattern of uneven holoblastic cleavage. Blastulation and gastrulation began at 9 HPF and 19 HPF, respectively. Epiboly formation (2/3 covered) was observed at 25 HPF during gastrulation. Neurulation was initiated with the formation of a slit-like neural groove from the blastopore at 33 HPF. During neurulation, the primary embryonic kidney (pronephros) and s-shaped heart developed. The embryos underwent progressive differentiation, which is typical of Acipenseriform species. A mass hatching was observed at 130 HPF, and the average total length of the hatched prolarvae was 10.5 mm. The hatched prolarvae possessed a typical pigment plug (yolk plug). The results of this study are valuable not only as a reference guide for the artificial propagation of Siberian sturgeon in hatcheries but also as the basis for the derivation of developmental gene expression assays for this species.