• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

In this study, evaluation of basic unit of non-point pollutant, which is fundamental evaluation of non-point loading, was conducted using both road point and angle of intersection point in Maesong area, West coast highway by utilizing Event Mean Concentrations(EMC). Concentration of pollutants except heavy metals at these two points rapidly decreased in 30 minutes after start of runoff. According to the results of EMC, for both sampling points, it was determined that the concentrations of TSS(Total Suspended Solid), $BOD_5$(Biological Oxygen Demand), and DOC(Dissolved Organic Carbon) were higher than those of wastewater effluent standard in Korea, however, the concentrations of T-N(Total Nitrogen) and T-P(Total Phosphorus) were lower than those of the standard. In terms of heavy metals, Fe, Pb, and Zn showed higher concentrations than others. When compared with the units established by the Ministry of Environment in Korea, the basic units of $BOD_5$ and T-N in this study were lower. On the other hand, when compared with foreign units, Cu, Pb, and Zn showed approximately 10 times higher concentrations. It was estimated that a long term monitoring should be conducted for obtaining additional data and more reliable basic units for the non-point pollutnats based on the results from this study.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2015

This study aimed at examining if the original memory remains after a misinformation is presented, using Event-Related Potential based Concealed Information Test (ERP-based CIT). In the first stage of the study, the participant was presented with either the original information or a misleading information after experiencing an event (Post-information). The second stage was to measure brain wave and reaction time on the original, misleading, and irrelevant information (CIT-Stimulus). P300 amplitude, P300 area, P300 latency, and reaction time were used as dependant variables. In the result, a significant Post-information ${\times}$ CIT-Stimulus interaction effect was found on the P300 area measured at Cz, Pz, and Oz area. This interaction effect implied the possibility that the original information could be partially impaired in memory by misleading information presented afterward. P300 amplitude at Pz area did not differ between the accurate and the misleading stimuli in the condition in which a misleading information was presented. This result can be explained by source monitoring error. In discussion, the limitations of this study and directions of future studies were discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed probability distribution of EMCs (Event Mean Concentration) of COD, TOC, T-N, T-P and SS from rice paddy fields and compared the mean values of observed EMCs and the median values of estimated EMCs ($EMC_{50}$) through probability distribution. The field monitoring was conducted during a period of four crop-years (from May 1, 2008, to September 30. 2011) in a rice cultivation area located in Emda-myun, Hampyeong gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Four probability distributions such as Normal, Log-normal, Gamma, and Weibull distribution were used to fit values of EMCs from rice paddy fields. Our results showed that the applicable probability distributions were Normal, Log-normal, and Gamma distribution for COD, and Normal, Log- Normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution for T-N, and Log-normal, Gamma and Weibull distribution for T-P and TOC, and Log-normal and Gamma distribution for SS. Log-normal and Gamma distributions were acceptable for EMCs of all water quality constituents(COD, TOC, T-N, T-P and SS). Meanwhile, mean value of observed COD was similar to median value estimated by the gamma distribution, and TOC, T-N, T-P, and SS were similar to median value estimated by log-normal distribution, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2022

In this study, rainfall water outlet water quality monitoring was performed on the C industrial complex to evaluate the characteristics of non-point pollutant runoff from the industrial complex during rainfall and to use it as basic data for calculating the load and unit of non-point pollutant. As a result of calculating EMC according to the outflow amount by rainfall event, the 1st rainfall showed EMCs ranges of BOD, COD_Mn, SS, T-N, and T-P of 1.32~48.76, 3.32~43.75, 2.89~199.43, 2.76~8.93, 0.08~068, and the 2nd rainfall was 0.5~2.9, 2.71~7.13, 2.82~174.94, 1.33~4.03, 0.01~1.28 mg/L, respectively. As a result of calculating the ratio of cumulative outflow and cumulative pollution load, most of the pollution load was less than the rainfall outflow, but over time, the initial washing phenomenon occurred as the ratio of cumulative rainfall outflow and cumulative pollution load increased to more than 1.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

This paper proposes a method to implement biological early warning systems(BEWS). This system generates periodically data event using a monitoring daemon and it extracts the feature parameters from this data sets. The feature parameters are derived with 6 variables, x/y coordinates, distance, absolute distance, angle, and fractal dimension. Specially by using the fractal dimension theory, the proposed algorithm define the input features represent the organism characteristics in non-toxic or toxic environment. And to find a moderate algorithm for learning the extracted feature data, the system uses an extended learning algorithm(UChoo) popularly used in machine learning. And this algorithm includes a learning method with the extended data expression to overcome the BEWS environment which the feature sets added periodically by a monitoring daemon. In this algorithm, decision tree classifier define class distribution information using the weight parameter in the extended data expression. Experimental results show that the proposed BEWS is available for environmental toxicity detection.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

Fishing boats more than 5 tons is obliged to VHF DSC by Fishing Vessels Act and Vessel Safety Act. The owner of the fishing vessel is equipped to the automatic position reporting device in accordance with the Notice of the Minister of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs to regulations, shall be ensure to navigations safety and in order to respond quickly in the event of maritime accidents on fishing vessels. East sea set up to start in 2012, which is now underway the annual install plain to the yellow sea and the south sea for VHF coast stations. It is web-based remote operation of DSC on the remote control and monitoring in Fishery Information Communication Station for the coastal VMS construction project. All fishing vessels is VHF DSC in conjunction with the GPS that location information transmitted to the coast station. automatically by the DSC call. This paper has been studied on the communications coverage set up and traffic operation for realization a roaming service by navigation route tracking and RSSI techniques in parallel algorithm refer to VHF DSC coast stations in east sea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.369-376
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• 2014

This paper presents a method that integrates passive and active-sensing techniques for the structural health monitoring of plate-like structures. Three piezoelectric transducers are deployed in a L-shape to detect and locate an impact event by measuring and processing the acoustic emission data. The same sensor arrays are used to estimate the subsequent structural damage using guided waves. Because this method does not require a prior knowledge of the structural parameters, such as the wave velocity profile in various directions, accurate results could be achieved even on anisotropic or curved plates. A series of experiments was performed on plates, including a spar-wing structure, to demonstrate the capability of the proposed method. The performance was also compared to that of traditional approaches and the superior capability of the proposed method was experimentally demonstrated.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1306-1311
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• 2011

Recombinant Rhodopseudomonas palustris, harboring the carotenoid-metabolizing gene crtI (CrtIBS), and whose color changes from greenish yellow to red in response to inorganic As(III), was cultured in transparent microplate wells illuminated with a light emitting diode (LED) array. The cells were seen to grow better under near-infrared light, when compared with cells illuminated with blue or green LEDs. The absorbance ratio of 525 to 425 nm after cultivation for 24 h, which reflects red carotenoid accumulation, increased with an increase in As(III) concentrations. The detection limit of cultures illuminated with near-infrared LED was 5 ${\mu}g$/l, which was equivalent to that of cultures in test tubes illuminated with an incandescent lamp. A near-infrared LED array, in combination with a microplate, enabled the simultaneous handling of multiple cultures, including CrtIBS and a control strain, for normalization by the illumination of those with equal photon flux densities. Thus, the introduction of a near-infrared LED array to the assay is advantageous for the monitoring of arsenic in natural water samples that may contain a number of unknown factors and, therefore, need normalization of the reporter event.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

The rainfall-runoff potential of Jangseong reservoir watershed was studied based on SCS (Soil Conservation Service, which is now the NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA) runoff curve number (CN) technique. Precipitation and reservoir operation data had been collected. The rainfall-runoff pairs from the watershed for ten years was estimated using reservoir water balance analysis using reservoir operation records. The maximum retention, S, for each storm event from rainfall-runoff pair was estimated for selected storm events. The estimated S values were arranged in descending order, then its probability distribution was determined as log-normal distribution, and associated CNs were found about probability levels of Pr=0.1, 0.5, and 0.9, respectively. A subwatershed that has the similar portions of land use categories to the whole watershed of Jangseong reservoir was selected and hydrologic monitoring was conducted. CNs for subwatershed were determined using observed data. CNs determined from observed rainfall-runoff data and reservoir water balance analysis were compared to the suggested CNs by the method of SCS-NEH4. The $CN_{II}$ measured and estimated from water balance analysis in this study were 78.0 and 78.1, respectively. However, the $CN_{II}$, which was determined based on hydrologic soil group, land use, was 67.2 indicating that actual runoff potential of Jangseong reservoir watershed is higher than that evaluated by SCS-NEH4 method. The results showed that watershed runoff potential for large scale agricultural reservoirs needs to be examined for efficient management of water resources and flood prevention.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2013

Objective : Obtaining real-time image is essential for neurosurgeons to minimize invasion of normal brain tissue and to prompt diagnosis of intracranial event. The aim of this study was to report our three-year experience with a mobile computed tomography (mCT) for intraoperative and bedside scanning. Methods : A total of 357 mCT (297 patients) scans from January 2009 to December 2011 in single institution were reviewed. After excluding postoperative routine follow-up, 202 mCT were included for analysis. Their medical records such as diagnosis, clinical application, impact on decision making, times, image quality and radiologic findings were assessed. Results : Two-hundred-two mCT scans were performed in the operation room (n=192, 95%) or intensive care unit (ICU) (n=10, 5%). Regarding intraoperative images, extent of resection of tumor (n=55, 27.2%), degree of hematoma removal (n=42, 20.8%), confirmation of catheter placement (n=91, 45.0%) and monitoring unexpected complications (n=4, 2.0%) were evaluated. A total of 14 additional procedures were introduced after confirmation of residual tumor (n=7, 50%), hematoma (n=2, 14.3%), malpositioned catheter (n=3, 21.4%) and newly developed intracranial events (n=2, 14.3%). Every image was obtained within 15 minutes and image quality was sufficient for interpretation. Conclusion : mCT is feasible for prompt intraoperative and ICU monitoring with enhanced diagnostic certainty, safety and efficiency.