• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1036-1040
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• 2005

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations were developed for accurate and fast prediction of whole broiler chicken carcass composition. The Feed and Forage Foss systems Model 5000 Reflectance Transport Model 5000 with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)-WinISI II windows software was used for this purpose. One equation was developed for the prediction of each carcass component. One hundred and fifty freeze dried broiler whole carcass samples were ground in a Cyclotech 1,093 sample mill and analyzed for dry matter, protein, fat, calcium and phosphate. Samples were divided into two sets: a calibration set from which equations were derived and a prediction set used to validate these equations. The chemical analysis values (mean${\pm}$SD) were calculated based on dry matter basis as follows: dry matter: 33.41${\pm}$2.78 (range: 26.41-43.47), protein: 54.04${\pm}$6.63 (range: 36.20-76.09), fat 35.44${\pm}$8.34 (range: 7.50-55.03), calcium 2.55${\pm}$0.65 (range: 0.99-4.41), phosphorus 1.38${\pm}$0.26 (range: 0.60-2.28). One hundred and three samples were used to calibrate the equations and prediction values. The software used was modified to obtain partial least square regression statistics, as it is the most suitable for natural products analysis. The coefficients of determination ($R^2$) and the standard errors of prediction were 0.82 and 1.83 for the dry matter, 0.96 and 1.98 for protein, 0.99 and 1.07 for fat, 0.90 and 0.30 for calcium and 0.91 and 0.11 for phosphorus, respectively. The present study indicated that NIRS can be calibrated to predict the whole broiler carcass chemical composition, including minerals in a rapid, accurate, and cost effective manner. It neither requires skilled operators nor generates hazardous waste. These findings may have practical importance to improve instrumental procedures for quick evaluation of broiler carcass composition.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2002

결핵을 진단하는 방법 중에서 신속하고 비교적 비용이 적게드는 방법은 객담을 통한 결핵균 도말 검사이다. 결핵균 도말 검사는 슬라이드에 도말한 환자의 객담을 가온 과정을 통해 고착시키고. acid-fast 염색방법을 통해 염색시킨 후 현미경으로 결핵균을 관찰하는 것이다. Acid-fast 염색방법은 크게 hot staining과 cold staining 방법 두 가지가 있으며, 우리나라에서는 염색 결과가 선명한 hot staining 방법인 Ziehl-Neelsen 방법을 주로 이용한다. 그러나, 기존의 결핵균 자동염색기는 가온 기능이 없어 환자의 객담을 슬라이드에 검사자가 고착을 시켜야 하고. 선명도도 낮은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 검사자의 인력 절감과 검사자 개인의 염색 능력에 따른 염색 정도의 변화를 줄이기 위해 가온이 가능한 결핵균 자동염색기를 개발하였다 개발된 염색기는 객담의 고착에서 염색 그리고 건조가지 전 과정이 자동으로 이루어진다. 염색 시간은 5개의 슬라이드를 고품질로 염색할 경우 21분이 소요되었다. 성능 평가를 위해 총 91개 객담을 대상으로 자동과 수동염색을 시행하여 일치율을 비교해 본 결과 75%로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2011

목적: 저자들은 Remplissage를 이용한 Hill-Sachs 병변 복원술을 시행 후 1년 이상 추시 가능하였던 환자들의 견관절의 안정성 및 임상적, 기능적 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 12월부터 2009년 11월까지 본원에서 'Remplissage'술기를 시행하였던 12예를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 연령은 27.9세였으며 모두 남성이었고, 평균 추시 기간은 19개월이었다. 술 전, 후 평가는 견관절의 운동 범위, ASES 점수, KSSI 점수, ROWE 점수, 술 후 자기공명영상 촬영을 포함하였다. 결과: 술 후 평균 16개월에 견관절 기능적 평가에서 ASES 점수는 술 전 평균 50.8점에서 술 후 평균 78.3점으로, KSSI 점수는 술 전 평균 44.5점에서 술 후 평균 81.0점으로, ROWE 점수는 술 전 평균 40.2점에서 술 후 평균 84.3점으로 향상되었고, 모든 환자에서 견관절 운동범위는 전방 거상 평균 178.6${\pm}$18.6 (165~180)도, 외회전은 평균 49.3${\pm}$10 (43~60)도로 나타났다. 결론: 광범위한 Hill-Sachs 병변이 동반된 재발성 견관절 불안정성에 대한 Remplissage 술기를 시행 후 1년 이상 추시 결과 견관절의 안정성 및 임상적, 기능적으로 양호한 결과를 보여주었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.220-224
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• 1989

In candidates for aortic valve replacement [AVR]it is our primary intention to implant the largest possible vale prosthesis of at least 23 mm in diameter in patients with severe valvular aortic stenosis. However, in many patients there is an additional subvalvular asymmetric septal hypertrophy which in some cases may cause an postextrasystolic increase of the LV-aortic gradient. Another component of the aortic stenosis syndrome is a narrow valvular ring, or a combination of both. After complete removal of the diseased valve and decalcification the narrow aortic ring [< 23 mm] can be widened firstly by transaortic subvalvular septal myectomy- [TSM] thus unfolding the left ventricular outflow tract[LVOT]and secondly by extending the oblique aortic incision into the aortic valve ring or further down into the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The sub-and supra-valvular defect will be closed by patch enlargement of the aortic root [PEAR] using autologous pericardium. These techniques allow a considerable enlargement of the valvular ring of about 4 to 10 mm in circumference. In a retrospective study using a computerized program, 847 patients with AVR [1980-1984]were reviewed to evaluate the intraoperative hemodynamic results mainly concerning relief of the transvalvular gradient. In 626 patients AVR was performed, 151 patients had double valve replacement [AVR+MVR], and 70 patients had AVR plus additional surgical procedures. Concentrating on the AVR-group [n=626] there were 103 patients with TSM, 24 patients with PEAR and 20 patients with TSM+PEAR which demonstrated that in a total, of 147 patients of this groups [23.5%] an additional procedure was necessary. The Statistical evaluation of the intraoperative pressure measurements before and after AVR in relation to the size of the implanted prostheses indicated the lowest preoperative mean gradient in patients with AVR alone, the highest in patients who afforded TSM plus PEAR. However, after AVR the mean gradients in all three groups were very low [mean 5 to 10 mmHg]. These data indicate that in patients with a narrow aortic ring and additional considerable ASH, TSM and PEAR are suitable techniques to enlarge the aortic root to enable the implantation of an adequate aortic valve prosthesis. Long-term controls have shown that autologous pericardium is a qualified graft material for the ascending aorta.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.65-74
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• 2006

Modem drug discovery requires rapid pharmacokinetic evaluation of chemically diverse compounds for early candidate selection. This demands the development of analytical methods that offer high-throughput of samples. Naturally, liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is choice of the analytical method because of its superior sensitivity and selectivity. As a result of the short analysis time(typically 3-5min) by LC-MS/MS, sample preparation has become the rate- determining step in the whole analytical cycle. Consequently tremendous efforts are being made to speed up and automate this step. In a typical automated 96-well SPE(solid-phase extraction) procedure, plasma samples are transferred to the 96-well SPE plate, internal standard and aqueous buffer solutions are added and then vacuum is applied using the robotic liquid handling system. It takes only 20-90 min to process 96 samples by automated SPE and the analyst is physically occupied for only approximately 10 min. Recently, the ultra-high flow rate liquid chromatography (turbulent-flow chromatography)has sparked a huge interest for rapid and direct quantitation of drugs in plasma. There is no sample preparation except for sample aliquotting, internal standard addition and centrifugation. This type of analysis is achieved by using a small diameter column with a large particle size(30-5O ${\mu}$m) and a high flow rate, typically between 3-5 ml/min. Silica-based monolithic HPLC columns contain a novel chromatographic support in which the traditional particulate packing has been replaced with a single, continuous network (monolith) of pcrous silica. The main advantage of such a network is decreased backpressure due to macropores (2 ${\mu}$m) throughout the network. This allows high flow rates, and hence fast analyses that are unattainable with traditional particulate columns. The reduction of particle diameter in HPLC results in increased column efficiency. use of small particles (<2 urn), however, requires p.essu.es beyond the traditional 6,000 psi of conventional pumping devices. Instrumental development in recent years has resulted in pumping devices capable of handling the requirements of columns packed with small particles. The staggered parallel HPLC system consists of four fully independent binary HPLC pumps, a modified auto sampler, and a series of switching and selector valves all controlled by a single computer program. The system improves sample throughput without sacrificing chromatographic separation or data quality. Sample throughput can be increased nearly four-fold without requiring significant changes in current analytical procedures. The process of Bioanalytical Method Validation is required by the FDA to assess and verify the performance of a chronlatographic method prior to its application in sample analysis. The validation should address the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and stability of the method. This presentation will provide all overview of the work required to accomplish a full validation and show how a chromatographic method is suitable for toxirokinetic sample analysis. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed to quantitate drug levels in dog plasma will be used as an example of tile process.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2004

수중폭기장치로 저수지 성층을 파괴시켜 저수지 수질을 개선시키기 위한 방법이 최근 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 주요 성층 파괴기작인 Bubble Plume(공기 부력류)의 수리동역학적 거동특성과 플륨 간격에 따라 변하는 모멘텀 중첩효과가 성층파괴 효율에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 수행하였다. 이를 위해 전산유체(CFD) 소프트웨어를 이용한 2상(공기-물) 3차원의 탈성층모델을 개발했으며, 이로부터 계절에 따라 변하는 다양한 성층강도와 주입 공기량에 따라 변하는 비정상상태의 성층파괴 발달과정은 물론 최적 탈성층 효율을 갖는 플륨간격을 제안할 수 있었다. 모델검증을 위한 실험을 위해 대형 실험조를 개발했으며, 온도성층은 소금물을 이용했던 기존연구와는 달리 가열순환수를 이용한 자연성층을 재현시켜 수행하였다. 연구결과 탈성층 효율은 디퓨서 배치간격에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 플륨간격이 수심의 약 1.5배 이내익 때 중첩영향이 강하게 일어났고, PN가 클수록 간격에 영향을 상대적으로 크게 받았다. 또한, 간격이 수심보다 작곤 때는 효율이 PN에 비례해서 선형적으로 증가한 반면 그 이상에서는 효율이 상대적으로 감소하면서 비선형적으로 증가하는 현상을 밝혀냈다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 주입공기량은 PN가 약 1000, 디퓨서 배치간격은 수심의 1.5배일 때가 최적의 성층파괴 조건인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to assess the external and internal quality traits of eggs in wholesale egg market in Colombo, Sri Lanka and the effect of storage period in egg quality traits in the same market after receiving the eggs. First, a total of 482 fresh eggs were randomly collected from the above market and external egg quality traits were determined and recorded according to the definitions given in the Specification for Chicken Egg SLS 959:1992. After that, a total of 288 fresh eggs were randomly collected and various external and internal egg quality traits were measured and recorded according to the standard procedures over a storage period of 1, 3 and 5 d after receiving the fresh eggs to the wholesale market. Information about the shops was also collected using a pretested questionnaire. Using the recorded data, shape index, Haugh unit, albumen index and yolk index were calculated for each egg. Average weight, width, length and shape index of the eggs in the sample was 59.96 g, 4.33 cm, 5.78 cm and 75.03, respectively. Average shape index value was much closer to the standard value of 74. From the total sample 80.5% eggs had a normal and sound shape. However only 60.37% of the eggs are in the desirable quality range specified in SLS 959:1992, when the overall shell quality of the sample is considered based on shell cleanliness, defects and shape. The results of the current study indicated that eggs had significant (p<0.05) deterioration of all internal quality parameters tested with increasing storage time. However the effect was not significant (p>0.05) between the storage periods of 3 and 5 d after receiving eggs except for yolk color and yolk height. Desirable category of eggs had reduced and rejections had increased with the storage period. Main problems associated with the particular market were less space availability, higher percentages of dirty eggs, unavailability of proper packaging materials, no standard packaging system for eggs, and not implementing a standard grading system for eggs. Therefore the results of this study suggest that proper egg handling and storage conditions such as low temperature storage may be implemented to increase the proportion of desirable quality eggs in the above market.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.352-365
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• 2018

Objectives: The Korean Food Composition Table (KFCT) was first published in 1970, and has since been updated every five years by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). This study was conducted to introduce the development strategies, features, and challenges of the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Methods: Due to the increasing demands of nutrient database users and generators, the RDA started a new research project in 2013 to improve the quantity and quality of data for the $9^{th}$ revision of the KFCT. Over 1,000 food items frequently consumed in Korea were selected as key foods using the results of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. About 200 raw materials and processed food items were collected and analyzed every year. Target nutrients that were analyzed by collaborative labs, such as, sugars, selenium, iodine, and biotin, were increased from 22 to 43. Analytical sample handling procedures and data quality evaluation systems were also established in collaboration with 10 contracted labs. Data were evaluated for data quality according to the FAO/INFOODS, CODEX, and AOAC guidelines. Results: The $9^{th}$ revision contains data on 3,000 food items and up to 43 and 140 food nutrients for the printed table and the excel database file, respectively. Overall, 1,485 data items were newly added, 973 of which were provided by the RDA and 512 were cited from foreign nutrient databases. The remaining 1,515 food items were maintained as in the $8^{th}$ revision. Conclusions: The KFCT provides the basic infrastructure for food and nutrition policy, research, and dietary practice in South Korea. The use of the KFCT has increased exponentially in the past few years in both public and private sectors; accordingly, increased efforts should be paid to the preparation, improvement, and maintenance of KFCT.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.71-93
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• 2001

개체-관계 모델은 데이터베이스 설계와 시스템 분석을 위해서 시간 응용 분야에서 사용되고 있는 개념적 모델로서, 현실세계의 시간 문제 영역을 논리적 모델로 표현하기 위한 기반이 된다. 객체 지향 모델은 실세계의 이력 자료에 대한 개체와 관계성을 데이터베이스 시스템에 표현하는데 적합한 논리적 모델로서, 이력 자료의 병행적 지원과 시공간 자료의 조작 등을 적절하게 표현하고자 하는 응용분야에서 이용되고 있다. 현실세계 개체의 표현을 정확하게 모델링하기 위해서는 아주 적은 제약조건을 갖고 E-R 모델을 객체 지향 모델로 변환하는 방법이 필요하다. 또한 시간지원 객체 지향 모델은 시간 의미를 객체 지향 모델에 추가하여 시간에 따라 변화된 정보를 처리할 수 있는 논리적 모델이다 시간지원 객체 지향 모델의 두 부류는 시간을 결합하는 단위에 따라 속성 버전화와 객체 버전화로 나누어진다. 이 두 가지 중에서 객체 지향 모델은 이 상태와 행위의 재사용성을 증가시키고 개체들 사이의 유기적 관계를 효율적으로 표현할 수 있기 때문에 객체 지향 모델의 연구가 필요하다. 그런데 개체-관계 모델을 객체 지향 모델로 변환하기 위한 기법과 제약조건이 수반된다. 그래서 시간 개념이 포함된 개체-관계 모델을 객체 지향 모델로 변환하는 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 현실세계의 객체 버전화를 위한 이력 개체를 정확하게 표현하기 위해서 본 논문은 E-R 모델을 객체 지향 데이터베이스 모델로 변환하기 위한 기법을 제시하고 있다 즉. 현실세계의 개체와 관계를 데이터베이스에 표현하는데 적합한 시간지원 객체 지향 모델로 일반화, 집단화와 연관화에 대한 역할에 따라 변환하며, 그리고 다형성 관점에서 일반화 상속과 집단화 상속을 조합하여 기능을 확장한다. 이 변환과 확장은 데이터베이스 설계의 논리적 모델 설계 및 재사용성을 증가시키는데 기여할 것이다.ing, and e-mail. A room for HEE, in which teaming activity mainly occurs by following the sequences of learning procedures, includes other sub-rooms for the guidance of Loaming, discussion, directories for reference, question and answer, submission of homework, evaluation, and an encyclopedia. Therefore, this study implicates: 1) achievement of teaming environment using the ICT mainly made by students who solve problems closely related to daily life, 2) development of practical learning questionnaires fitted in the present state, 3) preparation for the curriculum. Finally, from this study, I suggested that further studies are needed to develop models for learning, interaction between students and teachers, and the learning materials under the Web based loaming environment.tion, and Environmental Replacement. Third, by selecting Chung na environmental park in Incheon, which is a filtration plant lot,

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 환경적인 요인으로 인한 성능저하현상으로 내구성 저하가 예상되는 건대-구의간 고가교의 현재 상태를 분석하고 내구성 저하로 인한 내구연한의 감소를 막기 위하여 고가교 구조물의 경량화를 통한 성능개선을 수행하고자 한다. 경량화 작업은 콘크리트 방음벽을 경량재 방음벽으로, 도상을 자갈도상에서 콘크리트 도상으로, 마지막으로 트라프를 경량화 함으로써 고가교 전체의 경량화를 유도한다. 이러한 고가교 경량화에 따른 정적 및 동적 거동 변화와 성능개선 효과를 분석하고, PSC I 형교 구간의 내하율 증진에 의한 구조안전성을 확인한다. 경량화 결과 구조물의 처짐이 2.6mm가 감소하고 1.07MPa의 인장응력이 감소된 것으로 평가되어 대상 구조물의 구조성능이 효과적으로 개선되었음을 알 수 있다. 고유진동수도 경량화에 따라 약 30% 증가하여 진동이 감소하고 동적거동이 향상되었다. 또한, 해석 및 계측 결과를 근거로 하여 대상교량의 내하력을 평가한 결과, 경량화에 따라 내하율이 1.82에서 1.93으로 증가하여 경량화에 따른 성능개선 효과가 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.