• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2010

Microorganisms are key-role player for stabilization of landfill sites. In order to evaluate the availability of T-RFLP(Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) for monitoring microbial community variations during stabilization of landfill sites, the phylogenic diversity of microbial community in the leachate from 4 different full-scale landfills was characterized by T-RFLP based on bacterial 16S rDNA. Main population of microbial community analyzed by T-RFLP was significantly similar with that of microbial community analyzed by clone library analysis. The results of T-RFLP analysis for main population of microbial community in the leachate from landfills with different landfill structures, waste types and landfill ages showed apparently different microbial diversity and structures. Therefore, long-term monitoring of microbial community in leachate from landfill sites by using T-RFLP is expected to be available for evaluation of landfill stability.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.413-429
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• 2021

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine. Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo. The authors assessed the risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook guidelines. Results: The initial search strategy yielded 398 unduplicated references, which were independently assessed by three review authors. After evaluation, this number was reduced to five RCTs (two unclear risk of bias and three high risk of bias). The total number of patients in all the studies was 193. Due to the high risk of bias, small sample size, heterogeneity of the outcomes reported, and heterogeneity of the comparison groups, the quality of the evidence was very low. One RCT reported that intranasal ketamine was superior to intranasal midazolam in improving the aura attack severity, but not duration, while another reported that intranasal ketamine was not superior to metoclopramide and diphenhydramine in reducing the headache severity. In one trial, subcutaneous ketamine was superior to saline in migraine severity reduction; however, intravenous (I.V.) ketamine was inferior to I.V. prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine in another study. Conclusion: Further double-blind controlled studies are needed to assess the efficacy of ketamine in treating acute and chronic refractory migraines and other primary headaches using intranasal and subcutaneous routes. These studies should include a long-term follow-up and different ketamine dosages in diagnosed patients following international standards for diagnosing headache/migraine.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.77
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• pp.151-187
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• 2023

The cooperation between archives and libraries is necessary for the management of limited operational space and the improvement of work efficiency. "Larchive" is one of the model of cooperation between libraries and archives, so it can be an alternative plan for institutions that face difficulties in collaborating through "Larchiveum" - growing model of cooperation between libraries, archives, and museums. This study presents the recognition of Larchive to university archivists and librarians, and suggests a practical operation plan for cooperation between the archive and library. As a result, "Larchive" was relatively less aware of archivists and librarians, but in the practical point of view, respondents were fully aware of the need for cooperation between archives and libraries. In particular, Larchive was presented as a rational alternative model for both of the groups. And the need for material cooperation can be confirmed through the recognition survey, and the improvement plan for business cooperation can be confirmed through the FGI. Some prerequisites are proposed such as securing a collaborative workplace, assignment of budget and manpower. Through the results, this study presented practical operational plans for organizational cooperation in the form of Larchive, focusing on the perspectives of "teaching and learning support", "research support services", "curation services", "collection and management of school history data", "cooperation for evaluation", and drew discussion points.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9731-9737
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• 2014

Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematical modeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series and APC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology with little attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives. This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores their performance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevant data collection. The study used China Cancer Registry Report 2012 as the data source. It employed 3-parameter logistic growth equations and modeled the age-specific incidence rates of all and the top 10 cancers presented in the registry report. The study performed 3 types of modeling, namely full age-span by fitting, multiple 5-year-segment fitting and single-segment fitting. Measurement of model performance adopted adjusted goodness of fit that combines sum of squred residuals and relative errors. Both model simulation and performance evalation utilized self-developed algorithms programed using C# languade and MS Visual Studio 2008. For models built upon full age-span data, predicted age-specific cancer incidence rates fitted very well with observed values for most (except cervical and breast) cancers with estimated goodness of fit (Rs) being over 0.96. When a given cancer is concerned, the R valuae of the logistic growth model derived using observed data from urban residents was greater than or at least equal to that of the same model built on data from rural people. For models based on multiple-5-year-segment data, the Rs remained fairly high (over 0.89) until 3-fourths of the data segments were excluded. For models using a fixed length single-segment of observed data, the older the age covered by the corresponding data segment, the higher the resulting Rs. Logistic growth models describe age-specific incidence rates perfectly for most cancers and may be used to inform data collection for purposes of monitoring and analyzing cancer epidemic. Helped by appropriate logistic growth equations, the work vomume of contemporary data collection, e.g., cancer registry and surveilance systems, may be reduced substantially.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.273-284
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• 2017

This study performed meta-analysis of published articles to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and smoking. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and RISS database sup to January 2017 using search terms such as sarcopenia AND (smoking OR tobacco OR cigarette). A total of 25 articles were included in the analysis (seven cohort studies and 18 cross-sectional studies). Incidence of sarcopenia in smokers and non-smokers was analyzed by the random effects model. Incidence of sarcopenia was OR 1.49 (95% CI 1.21, 1.84, p<.001, I2 = 88.20%), Asian (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.91, 1.78, p=0.150, I2=85.32%), and Western (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25, 2.17, p<.001, I2=91.08%), Western smokers showed a significantly higher incidence of sarcopenia:males and females with OR 1.25(95% CI 1.11, 1.40, p<.001, 12=87.4%) and 1.80(95% CI 0.98, 3.30, p=.057, 12=89.1 %) respectively. Male smokers showed significantly higher incidence of sarcopenia. Based on the results of the study, smoking in Western males is related to sarcopenia. However, since the criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and the criteria for smoking were different, cumulative individual clinical studies applying uniform assessment for the evaluation of sarcopenia and smoking status are needed in the future.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to present and evaluate a new deep learning model for determining cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) degree and growth spurts by analyzing lateral cephalometric radiographs. Methods: The study sample included 890 cephalograms. The images were classified into six cervical stages independently by two orthodontists. The images were also categorized into three degrees on the basis of the growth spurt: pre-pubertal, growth spurt, and post-pubertal. Subsequently, the samples were fed to a transfer learning model implemented using the Python programming language and PyTorch library. In the last step, the test set of cephalograms was randomly coded and provided to two new orthodontists in order to compare their diagnosis to the artificial intelligence (AI) model's performance using weighted kappa and Cohen's kappa statistical analyses. Results: The model's validation and test accuracy for the six-class CVM diagnosis were 62.63% and 61.62%, respectively. Moreover, the model's validation and test accuracy for the three-class classification were 75.76% and 82.83%, respectively. Furthermore, substantial agreements were observed between the two orthodontists as well as one of them and the AI model. Conclusions: The newly developed AI model had reasonable accuracy in detecting the CVM stage and high reliability in detecting the pubertal stage. However, its accuracy was still less than that of human observers. With further improvements in data quality, this model should be able to provide practical assistance to practicing dentists in the future.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.18
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• 2022

This review aimed to characterize the effect of direct restorative material types and adhesive protocols on marginal adaptation and the bond strength of the interface between the material and the proximal dentin/cementum. An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Studies were included if they evaluated marginal adaptation or bond strength tests for proximal restorations under the cementoenamel junction. Only 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These studies presented a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of the materials used and the methodologies and evaluation criteria of each test; therefore, only a descriptive analysis could be conducted. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. To summarize the results of the included studies, the type of restorative material affected the test results, whereas the use of different adhesive protocols had an insignificant effect on the results. It could be concluded that various categories of resin-based composites could be a suitable choice for clinicians to elevate proximal dentin/cementum margins, rather than the open sandwich technique with resin-modified glass ionomers. Despite challenges in bonding to proximal dentin/cementum margins, different adhesive protocols provided comparable outcomes.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.97-110
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends in the relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and doppler indicies of uterine artery. Methods: The search for related papers used 'Pubmed', a reserch engine in the America National Library of Medicine and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). Used searching terms were 'primary dysmenorrhea', 'menstrual pain' in all cases. And among these studies, we searched by using key word 'uterine artery', 'doppler indices', 'doppler parameters', 'pulsatile index', 'resistance index'. Results: Overall 49 studies, 8 studies were finally selected to this study. There were 6 controlled studies and 2 randomised-controlled studies. In all 8 studies, transvaginal ultrasound was used to measure the resistance of uterine blood vessels. All of these studies reported that in patients with primary dysmenorrhea, hemodynamic values of uterine arteries measured by Doppler ultrasound were significantly higher than in normal subjects. Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that there was a positive correlation between the pain level of primary dysmenorrhea and the pulsation index and resistance index of the uterine artery. Based on these results, it can be seen that the doppler indicies of uterine artery have the potential to be used as an evaluation scale for Korean traditional medicine for primary dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.451-462
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• 2022

The objective of the study is to establish a BIM modeling of precast concrete(PC) shear wall with various wall-to-base connections. The family library of PC shear wall was established in BIM program using component function in a IFC(Industry foundation classes) file format and SketchUp program. From the BIM program, the amounts of concrete, reinforcing bars and steel materials as well as the interference of arranged reinforcing bars can be accurately evaluated in the PC shear walls with spliced sleeves, bolt, or welding plate connection methods. Although the additional metallic materials such as steel plates, bolts, and nuts were used in the PC shear walls with welding plate connection method, their amounts of materials, economic efficiency, and environmental impact were similar to those with spliced sleeve connection. Consequently, the bolt or welding connection is a highly applicable method as wall-to-base connection of PC shear walls, and it was a more useful method than spliced sleeve method, particularly considering the constructability.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2010

The needs for independent 'lifelong learning' is on the rise for the individuals living in today's fast-paced society. As a result, the significance of 'information literacy' as the core requirement for lifelong learning has become widely recognized. Some countries have even established standards for information literacy at the national level, and introduced programs to improve the overall level of information literacy in the school curriculum. In Korea, various studies have been done to identify the importance of information literacy, and also there are increasing offerings of information literacy programs in regular curriculum. Based on the result of self-efficiency assessment by the students who attended the information literacy courses, this study tries to examine the effects of those programs. It consequently confirms that these curriculums resulted in improvement of the information literacy of the students, and also provide some suggestions and guidelines for the design of the curriculum for information based on the findings.