• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7607-7611
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• 2013

Background: Cervical cancer continues to be a major problem in Bangladesh with approximately 18,000 new cases annually of which over 10,000 women die from it. Visual inspection of the cervix after 3-5% acetic acid (VIA) application is a simple and easy to learn method for cervical cancer screening, although cytology-based screening is more often applied in developed countries where it has successfully reduced the prevalence of cervical cancer. Objective: To compare the efficacy of VIA and cytology-based primary methods for cervical cancer screening in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This hospital based comparative study was conducted at the VIA centre and Colposcopy Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from October 2008 to October 2010. Results: Among 650 women, 74 (11.4%) were VIA+ve and 8 (1.2%) had abnormalities in their Pap smear reports. During colposcopy, 38 (7.7%) women had different grades of CIN and 4 (0.6%) had cervical cancer. The gold standard histology findings proved 20 women had CIN I, 14 had CIN II/II and 4 had cervical cancer. Among the 38 histology diagnosed abnormalities, VIA test could identify 30 abnormalities including two cervical cancers. However, Pap smear could detect only 8 cases of histological abnormalities (2 low grade and 6 had high grade lesion) and it missed all the cervical cancer cases. The sensitivity and specificity of VIA were 88.9% and 52.1%. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 41.0%, and 92.6% respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Pap smear were 33.3%, 95.8%, 75.0% and 79.3%, respectively. Conclusions: VIA test should be used as the primary screening tool even with its low sensitivity and specificity in low resource countries like Bangladesh. False positive results may be greater, but overtreatment can be minimized by colposcopy evaluation of the VIA positive women.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.126-133
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• 2005

국내 중${\cdot}$저준위 방사성폐기물 처분을 위한 처분부지 확보 및 관련업무가 활발히 진행 중이다. 방사성폐기물 처분을 위해서는 방사성폐기물의 물리화학적, 방사학적 상태 및 건전성 등을 확보하여야 하며 폐기물 발생자는 이러한 정보를 처분사업자에게 제공해야한다. 또한 처분 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 방사성폐기물 인수기준(Waste Acceptance Criteria : WAC) 및 처분부지 특성을 고려한 세부인수기준(Site Specific Waste Acceptance Criteria : SWAC)이 필요하며 방사성폐기물을 이 기준에 적합하게 처리${\cdot}$생성${\cdot}$관리 및 인도하여야 한다. [1] 이를 위해서는 각각의 방사성폐기물에 대한 특성평가를 수행하여야 하나 원자력발전소의 경우 방사성폐기물 발생량이 많아 현실적으로 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 IAEA 및 해외 주요 국가는 방사성폐기물 인증체계(Waste Certification Program : WCP) 및 품질보증체계(Quality Assurance Program : QAP)를 개발하여 활용하고 있으며[2,3] 이를 바탕으로 국내 방사성폐기물의 안전한 처분을 위해 과기부고시 2005-18호 '중저준위 방사성폐기물 인도규정' 및 세부인수기준(시안)을 만족할 수 있는 방사성폐기물 인증프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한 방사성폐기물 인증체계 조기 도입 및 운영을 위해서 상용원전 관련 절차서 개정 및 실무자 교육을 추진 중이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2014

의료현장에서의 방사성폐기물은 방사성동위원소의 사용량의 증가와 더불어 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 특히, 갑상선 질병의 진단 및 치료용으로 사용량이 증가하고 있는 I-131 핵종의 경우 8.02 일의 짧은 반감기를 가지고 있으며, 관련 폐기물은 모두 자체처분 방법으로 처분하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 국제원자력기구(IAEA)는 개인선량(10 ${\mu}Sv/y$) 및 집단선량(1 man-Sv/y)과 핵종별 농도에 근거하여 각각 폐기물의 규제해제기준을 제시(IAEA Safety Series No 111-P-1.1, 1992 및 IAEA RS-G-1.7, 2004)하였다. 이 연구에서는 의료현장에서 발생하는 I-131 핵종 관련 폐기물을 사용상 종류별로 수집 및 측정하여 방사능농도의 측정 방법 및 절차를 수립한다. 또한, 측정 결과를 바탕으로 핵종의 감쇠 유도식을 산출하고, 이것을 바탕으로 자체처분 가능일자를 산출하여 이론식의 경우와 대비하여 고찰하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 유도 감쇠식을 신정하여 이론적 반감기와 유효 반감기를 비교해 본 결과, I-131 핵종의 이론적 반감기가 유효반감기(7.72일)에 비해 긴 반감기를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. 측정결과를 바탕으로 한 유효 반감기를 적용한다면, 현재보다 더 짧은 기간 동안 I-131 핵종 폐기물을 보관하였다가 자체처분을 할 수 있다. 이 연구 결과는 ISO 표준으로 추진할 예정이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2000

Objective : Internal carotid-posterior communicating artery(IC-PC) aneurysms can be clipped easily without any special preparations. Occasionally, however, it is difficult to clip the low-lying IC-PC aneurysms without some kinds of additional procedures. Clinical Material and Methods : We experienced four cases of low-lying IC-PC aneurysms, which the intradural anterior clinoidectomy and/or anterior petroclinoid fold(APF) resection was essential to expose the proximal side of the aneurysmal neck and/or proximal control. One patient harbored two low-lying IC-PC aneurysms bilaterally. The patients were divided into two groups according to the necessity of anterior clinoidectomy : Group I(n=4) that needed an intradural clinoidectomy and/or APF resection and Group II(n=29) that had IC-PC aneurysms, easily clipped without any special preparation. Also, various radiometric parameters were measured through the preoperative angiograms. Results : The incidence of such aneurysms was 12% among a total of thirty-three surgically treated IC-PC aneurysms during lasr 3 years. Among four cases, three cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and all aneurysmal sac projected to postero-inferior direction. In our study, We initially considered the necessity of intraoperative anterior clinoid process(ACP) removal and/or resection of APF in cases of shorter distance less than 5.6mm between the proximal aneurysmal sac and tip of the ACP(p<0.001), and the proximal portion of aneurysmal neck has located below the interclinoid line(p=0.001). Conclusion : Through a careful preoperative evaluation, some radiometric parameters can be used to determine whether the ACP should be removed in clipping of the low-lying IC-PC aneurysms. Unlike to total removal of the ACP, the intradural partial anterior clinolidectomy and/or APF resection, which are more familiar to surgeons, reduce the risks of the premature rupture, operative time, and also contribute a more precise clip placement with proximal control than the extradural clinoidectomy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.597-601
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• 2009

본 연구는 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동행동 변화과정이 의사결정균형, 자기효능감, 그리고 신체적 자기개념에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적 달성을 위하여 서울, 부산, 강원, 제주 지역에 있는 카지노업체 중 시큐리티 관련 업무에 근무하고 있는 420명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 응답이 불성실하다고 판단된 47부를 제외한 373부가 분석에 사용되었다. 조사도구는 설문지를 사용하였으며, 각 설문은 연속적인 5점 Likert 척도와 명목으로 이루어져 있으며 타당도와 신뢰도 분석을 통해 검증을 실시한 후 사용하였다. 설문지에 대한 작성이 완료된 데이터는 각 목적에 맞게 부호화하여 입력시킨 후 사회과학통계 프로그램인 SPSS 15.0 version을 이용하여 전산처리하였다. 이와 같은 방법과 절차에 따른 자료 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 운동행동 변화과정은 차이가 있다. 둘째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 의사 결정균형은 차이가 있다. 셋째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 자기 효능감은 차이가 있다. 넷째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 신체적 자기개념은 차이가 있다. 다섯째, 카지노 시큐리티 종사자의 운동행동 변화과정, 의사 결정균형, 자기효능감, 신체적 자기개념간에는 인과관계가 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2016

A 1.86 kg, 3-year-old, female, Maltese was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University after being hit by a car. The patient was diagnosed with urinary bladder rupture, diaphragmatic hernia and fracture of ilium, tibia and fibula. Repair surgery was performed after stabilizing treatment. During the surgery, hypoxia was identified and it worsened after positive pressure ventilation (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood ($PaO_2$): 52 mmHg, pulse oximetry ($SpO_2$): 87%, arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$): 85.8%). In addition to hypoxia, blood pressure decreased to 30 mmHg. Positive pressure ventilation was discontinued because hypoxia and hypotension were aggravated. After suturing the diaphragm, air was withdrawn to form negative pressure within the thorax. However, negative pressure was not attained despite continuous withdrawal of air. A thoracostomy tube was placed because tension pneumothorax was strongly suspected. The patient recovered through close monitoring with the tube for 3 days. Due to limitation of evaluation of the lung, predicting occurrence of tension pneumothorax is difficult in patient of diaphragmatic hernia. Therefore, it is recommended that indicators of tension pneumothorax should be closely monitored during diagnosis and repair procedures of diaphragmatic hernia.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2010

사과주스의 열수 살균조건과 저장기간에 따른 이화학적 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 살균 조건에 따른 당도, 산도 및 pH는 차이가 나타나지 않았으며 색도는 살균처리구가 대조구에 비해 크게 감소하였으며 무첨가구의 색도 값이 비타민 C 첨가구(0.1%)에 비해 살균 전에 비하여 크게 감소하였다. 살균온도 $65^{\circ}C$에서 10분과 20분간 처리한 구에서만 일반세균과 곰팡이, 효모가 검출되었고 그 외의 처리구에서는 미생물이 검출되지 않았다. 비타민 C 함량은 살균시간 보다는 살균온도에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 살균조건을 달리하여 저장온도 $4^{\circ}C$와 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 저장한 결과, 산도, 당도 및 pH의 변화는 살균조건과 저장기간에 관계없이 거의 변화가 나타나지 않았으며, 색도는 저장기간이 길어질수록 색도 값이 감소하였다. 각각의 살균과 저장조건을 달리한 비타민 C함량은 살균온도가 높을수록 함량은 낮게 나타났으며, 저장기간이 길어질수록 크게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 관능평가는 taste, color와 전반적 기호도에서 $75^{\circ}C$에서 20분이 가장 높게 나타났다. ASC값은 $4^{\circ}C$의 저장온도와 살균온도가 높을수록 낮게 나타났으며 저장기간이 길어질수록 ASC값은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과 사과주스의 품질특성은 비타민 C를 첨가하여 $75^{\circ}C$, 20분 살균 처리하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 것이 우수하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.636-643
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• 2000

Facial asymmetry is the most frequent disease in craniofacial deformities. And the primary causing area of that is mostly placing in mandible. That is to say, it is known that primarily, mandible grows excessively or deficiently, and other facial region involving maxilla undergoes compensatory growth secondarily, so asymmetric face develops. In facial asymmetry, the surgical correction of undergrowth is more difficult than that of overgrowth and the reason of it is the postoperative relapse caused by stress of surrounding soft tissues. It means the stress of surrounding soft tissues occurring after bone lengthening and reducing above stress is the same meaning with reducing postoperative relapse. Among various areas, mandibular ramus is the most difficult area to lengthen vertically and maintain its length. The reason of it is considered by many authors as the stress of surrounding pterygomasseteric sling which is enveloping lower border of mandible and interrupting elongation of ramal height. So we applied two different surgical procedures in which pterygomasseteric slings have different stress respectively to monkeys which have similar masticatory function and anatomy to human being and compared relapse by radiographic film and observed periodically the histochemical change of masseteric muscle fiber. So we could see the following results. The relapse was less in EVRO group in which we separated pterygomasseric sling in inferior border and didn't approximate muscle sling after vertical lengthening to minimize the stress of soft tissues than IVRO group in which we elongated ramal height preserving pterygomassetric sling. Of course, we could see a problem in EVRO group such as bone resorption in inferior border caused by uncovering the periosteum of inferior border. But we expect that such problem will be solved by developing periosteum substitutes for covering the exposed bone and minimizing the surgical trauma. In histochemical study of masseteric muscle fiber, the fiber constituents of EVRO group in which we minimized soft tissue stress was changed immediately after operation and maintained it for 1 year, whereas that of IVRO group in which we preserved soft tissue stress was changed in more portion after operation and recovered it by 1 year. By the histochemical results, we can see that the recovery of fiber constituents reflect the recovery of muscle stress and it is closely related with relapse phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2012

Objectives: This study sought to provide guidelines in order to decrease the incidence of nerve injury during mandibular ramus bone harvesting, and to improve understanding of the anatomical structure of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) to include its distance from the exterior buccal cortex. Materials and Methods: In January and February 2009, 20 patients who visited the Wonkwang University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery reporting various conditions underwent cone beam computed tomography and were included in this study. Patients with missing left or right mandibular first molars or incisors, or who had jaw fracture or bone pathologies, were excluded. The reference point (R point) was defined as the point where the occlusal plane reached the anterior ramus of the mandible. The position of the IAC in relation to the R point, the buccal bone width (BW), the alveolar crest distance (ACD), the distance from the alveolar crest to the occlusal plane (COD), and the distance from the IAC to the sagittal plane (CS) were determined using proprietary image analysis software which produced cross-sectional coronal and axial images. Results: The distance medially from the R point to the IAC along the axial plane was $6.19{\pm}1.21mm$. The HD from the R point, posteriorly to IAC, in the lateral view was $13.07{\pm}2.45mm$, the VD from the R point was $14.24{\pm}2.41mm$, and the ND from the R point was $10.12{\pm}1.76mm$. The pathway of the IAC was positioned almost in a straight line along a sagittal plane within $0.56{\pm}0.70mm$. The distance from the buccal bone surface to the IAC increased anteriorly from the R point. Conclusion: Marking osteotomy lines in the retromolar area in procedures involving bone harvesting should be discouraged due to the risk of damage to IAC structures. Our measurements indicated that the area from the R point in the ramus of the mandible to 10 mm anterior can be safely harvested for bone grafting purposes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.4037-4041
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• 2016

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer that is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is an effective palliative treatment for patients who are not eligible for curative treatment. The two main methods for performing TACE are conventional (c-TACE) or with drug eluting beads (DEB-TACE). We sought to compare survival rates and tumour response between patients undergoing c-TACE and DEB-TACE at our centre. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing either treatment was carried out from January 2009 to December 2014. Tumour response to the procedures was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess and compare the overall survival in the two groups. Results: A total of 79 patients were analysed (34 had c-TACE, 45 had DEB-TACE) with a median follow-up of 11.8 months. A total of 20 patients in the c-TACE group (80%) and 12 patients in the DEB-TACE group (44%) died during the follow up period. The median survival durations in the c-TACE and DEB-TACE groups were $4.9{\pm}3.2$ months and $8.3{\pm}2.0$ months respectively (p=0.008). There was no statistically significant difference noted among the two groups with respect to mRECIST criteria. Conclusions: DEB-TACE demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival rates for patients with unresectable HCC when compared to c-TACE. It is a safe and promising approach and should potentially be considered as a standard of care in the management of unresectable HCC.