• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1309-1323
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• 2020

Crowd evacuation simulation is an important research issue for designing reasonable building layouts and planning more effective evacuation routes. The social force model (SFM) is an important pedestrian movement model, and is widely used in crowd evacuation simulations. The model can effectively simulate crowd evacuation behaviors in a simple scene, but for a multi-obstacle scene, the model could result in some undesirable problems, such as pedestrian evacuation trajectory oscillation, pedestrian stagnation and poor evacuation routing. This paper analyzes the causes of these problems and proposes an improved SFM for complex multi-obstacle scenes. The new model adds navigation points and walking shortest route principles to the SFM. Based on the proposed model, a crowd evacuation simulation system is developed, and the crowd evacuation simulation was carried out in various scenes, including some with simple obstacles, as well as those with multi-obstacles. Experiments show that the pedestrians in the proposed model can effectively bypass obstacles and plan reasonable evacuation routes.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to present an analysis model evaluating evacuation performance considering patient types and procedural evacuation in the medical facility. The user group of the medical facility, including users challenged in evacuation behavior, entails the risk of many casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to plan an evacuation procedure that considers the evacuation characteristics of users. Methods: Through the review of precedent studies, the evacuation procedure of the medical facility, the classification of patient types, and the evacuation procedure was set as conditions and variables for the analysis. The result caused by a variety of conditions and variables were explored. Results: 1) The total evacuation completion time and congestion time were shortened at the procedural evacuation. Moreover, it derived many users from evacuating at the initial phase. 2) The proposed model can provide a basis for proposing a space planning direction that considers the possibility of not carrying out the evacuation plan. 3) It supports safe evacuation by identifying variables that reduce overcrowding by comparing the congestion time of overcrowded spaces. 4) The analysis model can identify the overcrowded space through the evacuation route and suggest the basis for architectural improvements that reduce overcrowding. Implications: The study results can be used to analyze the performance of evacuation procedures and support the establishment of evacuation procedures and building plans for safe evacuation for medical facilities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5221-5229
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• 2013

본 연구의 목표는 한국형 피난 시뮬레이션 시스템을 개발하기 위한 한국형 피난부하모델을 구축하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 피난실험을 통해 도출된 한국인의 연령 및 장애유형별 피난속도와 선행연구에서 검증된 피난시간 계산 수식을 적용하였다. 그 결과, 건물 내부의 복도와 계단 및 출입구 정보를 바탕으로 각각의 유형(연령, 장애정도 등)에 따른 재실자의 피난시간을 도출할 수 있는 피난부하모델을 도출하였다. 피난부하모델의 검증을 위하여, 기존의 피난속도 계산 프로그램인 SIMULEX와 동일한 조건하에서 피난시간을 도출하여 비교평가하였다. 피난속도가 느릴수록 상호간의 계산결과가 비슷하였지만, 피난속도가 빨라지면 도출된 피난시간 결과값이 상이함을 알 수 있었다. 이는 한국형 피난부하모델과 SIMULEX의 피난속도 계산식 함수가 상이한 것에 기인한다.

• 대한건축학회연합논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis model for finding the correlation between visibility and evacuation time as users move in the outpatient department of the general hospital. The spatial scope of the study was limited to the first floor and second floor which are used for the outpatient department. Traffic density in outpatient departments was surveyed on site. Based on the surveyed traffic density, the evacuation simulation model was established for calculating the escape route and evacuation time for an individual user. The traffic density of the outpatient department as per the evacuation time was also calculated. With using evacuation simulations, the flow of evacuees was calculated through the density of traffic over the time of evacuation. Visibility data were set in the simulation model for users' escape routes. A correlation analysis between the product of evacuation flow measure and visibility measure of the evacuation population and evacuation time was performed. The analysis result showed negative correlation within a specific distance range. This study presented an analysis model showing that the evacuation condition considering spatial visibility in the outpatient department of general hospital visibility was negatively related to the analyzed evacuation time at the design stage.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.32-41
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• 2017

Accidents on offshore oil and gas platforms (OOGPs) usually cause serious fatalities and financial losses considering demanding environment platforms locate and complex topsides structure platforms own. Evacuation planning on platforms is usually challenging. The computational tool is a good choice to plan evacuation by emergency simulation. However, the complex structure of platforms and varied evacuation behaviors usually weaken the advantages of computational simulation. Therefore, this study developed a simulation model for OOGPs to evaluate different evacuation plans to improve evacuation performance by integrating building information modeling (BIM) and agent-based model (ABM). The developed model consists of four parts: evacuation model input, simulation environment modeling, agent definition, and simulation and comparison. Necessary platform information is extracted from BIM and then used to model simulation environment by integrating matrix model and network model. During agent definition, in addition to basic characteristics, environment sensing and dynamic escape path planning functions are also developed to improve simulation performance. An example OOGP BIM topsides with different emergent scenarios is used to illustrate the developed model. The results showed that the developed model can well simulate evacuation on OOGPs and improve evacuation performance. The developed model was also suggested to be applied to other industries such as the architecture, engineering, and construction industry.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 재난 취약계층 특히 장애아동을 전문으로 보육하는 어린이집의 피난 부하를 고려한 피난 모델 구축을 통해 장애아동의 피난 환경 개선 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 피난 부하 및 모델에 대한 이론적 고찰 및 장애아전문 어린이집 피난 훈련을 통해 장애아동의 피난 행태 및 방법을 분석하고, 이를 기초로 장애아전문 어린이집의 장애아동 피난 부하 모델을 제시하였다. 이상의 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 장애아동의 피난은 장애 유형 및 수준, 피난 행태를 고려하여 피난 계획 수립의 필요성이 있으며, 피난시 피난 수단 및 방법의 특별한 고려의 필요성이 있다. 둘째, 재난시 장애아동의 피난 부하는 비장애인의 피난 부하와 상이한 조건을 보이며, 장애아동의 특별한 피난 행태(피난 방법 및 수단)를 반영하는 피난 통로 및 피난 부하 모델 구축의 필요성이 있다. 셋째, 휠체어 또는 뇌성마비 등 장애 유형 및 수준에 따라 수직 피난이 불가능한 경우, 장애아동의 안전한 피난을 위해서 2층 이상의 활동실에는 장애아동의 안전한 구난시까지 대기할 수 있는 피난안전구역을 설정할 필요성이 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2021년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.166-167
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• 2021

The elderly population in Korea is constantly increasing. As the number of Long-Term Care hospitals increases, many fires have occurred in related facilities. In this facilities, due to the characteristics of the occupants, self-evacuation is difficult, resulting in a number of casualties. It is necessary to Life safety design that reflects the characteristics of the occupants of domestic long-term hospitals. The study attempted to suggest improvements to the standards of evacuation behavior model for occupants of domestic and overseas long-term care hospitals. As a result of the study, patients living in long-term hospitals have a problem that is difficult to evacuate on their own. It is judged that there is a need to present an evacuation behavior model database by setting evacuation priorities and evacuation plans. In addition, it is necessary to more the design factors that affect the evacuation model as well as the characteristics of the occupants of the long-term care hospital.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an evacuation performance analysis model that can derive vulnerable evacuation spaces with considering the movement behavior as per the elderly groups in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital. Methods: The evacuation characteristics of geriatric hospital users were investigated through the review of precedent studies. First, the occupant conditions and the evacuation scenario were set to analyze a study target hospital. Then, the evacuation simulation was carried out considering the group types and the density of each group. Finally, an evacuation performance analysis model according to the group type was presented based on the simulation results. Results: The results of this study are as follows: (1) The evacuation performance according to the group type is to be clarified through the suggested study model. (2) It is necessary to secure a ramp or an emergency elevator to distribute the evacuation personnel at the design stage because congestion occurs due to collisions between evacuees on the stairs and delays the evacuation time. (3) It is necessary to consider the evacuation stairs and openings of sufficient size by analyzing the frequency of congestion occurrence and the escape routes of occupants in advance to identify the space where the evacuation flow overlaps. Implications: It is expected that the study result is to be used as primary data for studies that consider the elderly and clustering evacuation behavior in the event of a fire in a geriatric hospital.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

최근, 각종 자연재해와 산업재해로 인한 피해규모의 증가와 이에 따른 대책 수립의 필요성이 증가하고 있으며 재난 규모 역시 대형화, 거대화됨에 따라 피해규모는 점점 더 심각해지고 있다. 이러한 각종 재난 시 재난대피계획의 핵심은 재난대피에 소요되는 시간추정, 병목지점 파악 등을 포함하며 이러한 재난대피계획의 수립과 평가를 위해서는 적절한 재난대피모델이 필요하다. 또한, 기존 연구가 주로 건축물 실내를 대상으로 재난 시 대피경로분석이 주를 이루기 때문에, 자연재해 시 지역을 대상으로 하는 재난대피모델에 관한 연구가 미진하여 도시 내의 재해영향권에 대한 재난대피모델 구축 사례가 없는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Cube Avenue를 이용하여 거시통행 수요모형을 설계하고 미국 노스 다코다(North Dakota)주의 파고(Fargo)시의 도로 네트워크를 대상으로 재난 대피 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제안된 중규모 재난대피모델은 기존 통행수요모형의 네트워크와 입력 변수들을 이용하여서 동적 분석을 할 수 있어 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있는 재난대피 시뮬레이션 분석에 활용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후, 국내 대도시권에 적용이 가능하며 시나리오를 기반으로 한 다양한 재난모의 실험 및 평가가 가능한 모델 개발에 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

민방위 대피시설의 용량기준을 바탕으로 정량적인 분석을 통해 대피시설 선정시 지침이 될 수 있는 기준을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 인구밀도 및 분포에 따른 대피시설의 수용 용량 및 배치 현황을 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정확한 대피시설의 권역을 설정하기 위해서는 대피시설의 수용인원을 고려해야할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 대상 지역별 대피 현황을 정량적으로 비교할 수 있는 근거 자료를 산출하였다. 셋째, 최단거리 이동을 불가능하게 하는 지형적 조건을 고려할 필요가 있음을 밝혔다. 넷째, 현실성 있는 모델을 작성하기 위해서는 보다 다양한 변수들을 고려한 모델을 설정할 필요가 있음이 드러났다.