• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.379-389
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• 2014

Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.389-395
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 일체형방화셔터가 설치된 초등학교 재실자의 피난특성에 관한 연구를 위해 먼저 일체형방화셔터를 포함한 방화셔터 전반에 대한 기초 자료를 수집 검토하였으며, 초등학교에 설치된 일체형방화셔터 작동 유무에 따른 재실자 피난특성을 비교 분석하였다. 화재 모의실험 결과, 일체형방화셔터 미작동시 최종 대피완료 시간은 130초이며, 일체형 방화셔터 작동시 에는 190초가 소요되었다. 또한 일체형방화셔터 작동시 피난대피 상황에서 초등학생들이 셔터내의 출입문을 열지 못하는 상황이 발생되었다. 이러한 상황을 고려 한다면 일체형방화셔터 작동시 최종피난완료시간은 상당히 지연되었을 것이며 대다수의 대피자들이 화재위험에 노출되었을 것이다. 따라서 향후 일체형방화셔터 출입문 개폐력에 대한 연구가 반드시 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

From the viewpoint of fire-fighting activities, public building have structural and management problems in fire, so evacuation disturbance and risk of expanding combustion are high. As a result of analyzing various fire fragile factors of public building, The evaluation areas were derived from safety systems, fire-fighting facility, structure safety, general safety and the evaluation factors were presented. Also, the characteristics of domestic and foreign certification systems were analyzed by comparing and analyzing the status of fire safety performance certification system for 6 domestic and overseas apartment houses. In conclusion, the 5 convergence directions of certification system and 22 evaluation items by 4 evaluation fields were derived, and based on this, we have established 3 convergence introduction plans of fire safety performance certification system of public building.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2019

Background The efficacy of Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus with acute abscess remains unclear. This study aimed to compare outcomes after Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus disease with and without acute abscess. A secondary objective was to perform a review of the literature on the topic. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients who underwent excision and Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus from 2009 to 2018. Patient demographics, wound characteristics, and complication rates were reviewed and analyzed. Results Group 1 comprised 19 patients who underwent Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus disease without acute abscess and group 2 comprised four patients who underwent reconstruction for pilonidal sinus disease with acute abscess. The average defect size after excision was larger in group 2 than group 1 ($107.7{\pm}60.3cm^2$ vs. $61.4{\pm}33.8cm^2$, respectively). There were no recurrences, seromas or cases of flap necrosis postoperatively. There was only one revision surgery needed for evacuation of a postoperative hematoma in group 1. There were comparable rates of partial wound dehiscence treated by local wound care, hematoma, need for revision surgery and minor infection between group 1 and group 2. Conclusions Limberg flap reconstruction for pilonidal sinus in the setting of acute abscess is a viable option with outcomes comparable to that for disease without acute abscess. This practice will avoid the pain and cost associated with a prolonged local wound care regimen involved in drainage of the abscess prior to flap reconstruction.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.424-430
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics and spreading laws of parameters such as fire smoke, concentration of CO, visibility, and temperature at fire scene in high-rise residential buildings under the different conditions of fire doors and automatic fire extinguishing systems. Using Pyrosim to simulate diverse fire scenes in a high-rise apartment with corridors, to analyze the changes in those parameters. The results show that when a fire occurs, closing the fire-fighting corridor will increase the smoke temperature and concentration of CO in the stairwell, and reduce the height and visibility of the smoke layer; the automatic fire extinguishing system effectively suppresses the increase in the temperature of the fire smoke and the sedimentation of the smoke layer. Reasonable setting and operation of the automatic fire extinguishing system could effectively inhibit the spread of fire. Although closing fire corridor can slow down the direct upward spread of smoke through the corridor, it will force the fire smoke into the stairwell, which will seriously affect evacuation through the stairs. Therefore, in order to reduce risks, it is forbidden to close the fire doors of the firefighting corridor and stacking combustible materials in the corridor, Also, intensifying inspections and ensuring the normal operation of the automatic fire extinguishing system are indispensable. Based on the research results, the significance of installing fire-fighting facilities in the construction of high-rise apartments was discussed and proved.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

In order to investigate water pollution of spring, we carried out the experiments on mineral water, rainwater and surrounding soil of several springs collected in Incheon area from February to August in 2007. The results were as follows. 1. Soil : This study investigated the pH and organic matter contents in the soil which effect on microorganisms. The pH value was from 4.5 to 5.3 on average and organic matter contents ranged from 1.09% to 5.6% and E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. faecalis and other microorganisms were isolated. 2. Natural mineral water : As the rainfall increased, the concentration of $No_3-N$, consumption of $KMnO_4$ and the number of microorganisms was increased while the other physicochemical items were not affected. The microorganism isolated in the natural mineral water were as follows: E. coli, K. oxytoca S. faecalis, S. facium, and so on from evacuation; E. agglomerans, E. amnigenus, E. cloacae, E. sakazakii and so on from the environments and evacuation. Detection of these microorganisms shows that the environment around the spring had been exposed to excrements of the warm blood animal. 3. Rain : The coliforms in the rain were the identical one detected from the mineral water and the soil. In conclusion the quality of natural mineral water is influenced by rain, resident bacteria of soil and surrounding environment. This study will be the basic data of characteristics of spring in Incheon area and also this result will give useful aids for the efficient control of spring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.653-659
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• 2018

High-rise buildings and complex facilities are a representative urban system for the masses, and it requires an increasing role of commodity and safety. Smoke and toxic gasses can cause accidents due to fire in these systems. The purpose of this study is to develop a fiber screen material for emergency evacuation passages that can be avoided quickly and safely in cases of disasters. The fiber screen material is applicable to folding devices for emergency evacuation passages. The material is different from general steel material in that it is lightweight with less burden during storage for a long time in a roll form in a folding device. It also has an excellent secondary function in that it is less affected by radiant heat. Three kinds of fiber screen materials were selected that have good flame retardancy and post-processing characteristics. A performance evaluation was performed by a heat shrinkage test, contact heat test, combustibility test, flame retardancy test, tensile strength test, and tear strength test. As a result, the lightweight fabric shows excellent performance through post-processing, and silicone resin coating can secure safety of the pizza by the fiber screen material performance and radiant heat. The optimum post-treatment conditions were evaluated by performing a burning test after coating two kinds of glass fibers and four types of flame-retardant silicone resins with different weight and thickness.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

This paper analyzed the flood propagation characteristics of each flood elevation due to failure of embankment in Muju Namdae Stream using recursive call algorithm. A flood propagation order by the flood elevation was estimated by setting destruction point at Beonggu and Chasan small dam through recursive call algorithm and then, the number of grids of each flood propagation order and accumulated inundation area were calculated. Based on the flood propagation order and the grid size of DEM, flood propagation time could be predicted each flood elevation. As a result, the study could identify the process of flood propagation through distribution characteristic of the flood propagation order obtained from recursive call algorithm, and could provide basic data for protection from flood disaster by selecting the flood vulnerable area through the gradient pattern of the graph for accumulated inundation area each flood propagation order. In addition, the prediction of the flood propagation time for each flood water level using this algorithm helped provide valuable information to calculate the evacuation path and time during the flood season by predicting the flood propagation time of each flood water level.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2011

This study of the vestibule of pressurizing smoke control system installed in domestic high-rise buildings for evacuation in case of fire, when the door is open to forming characteristics of the air flow was analyzed using fire dynamics simulator and analyzed of variance. Vestibule which is compartment of the design condition, air flow in the exhaust damper was formed severe turbulence confirming preceding research. The door position is in the range of formed vortex, unsteady flow of air occurs at the point that the door could be confirmed. According to the NFSC 501A, door to symmetrically separate the average of 10 points or more as measured from the average of wind speed to do is based. Under these conditions, it is difficult to measure the characteristics of the upper air flow of upper points. so measuring points are subdivided by more than 64 points method presented in TAB because severe deviation of wind speed.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to draw basic data for the application of the fire protection planning for the future plan large enclosure buildings in Korea through an analysis of its characteristics by case studies of the domestic and foreign large scale gymnasiums. In this study, domestic building codes for the fire protection are investigated and fire detection systems, fire extinguishing systems, smoke control systems and evacuation systems of three large scale gymnasiums located at Korea and eight foreign countries are compared and analyzed. The results of this study show that infrared light fire detection system and flame detector for spacial characteristics are potentially used in fire protection systems of large scale gymnasiums: dry type sprinkler and sprinkler water gun are adopted in fire detection system; and smoke accumulation system is widely utilized in smoke control system.