• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2003

Callus and cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were initiated from leaves of different trees. The leaf explant of tree Eu9 produced the most calli and also induced high cell biomass in the cell suspension culture. Optimum production of cell biomass could be initiated in proliferating culture medium with a pH of 5.75 prior to autoclaving. The effects of macronutrient inorganic salts of Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with X on production of cell biomass of Eurycoma longifolia were also investigated. The highest cell biomass was produced in MS medium containing macronutrients of $21\;mM\;NH_4NO_3,\;12.25\;mM\;KNO_3,\;3.00\;mM\;CaCl_2.2H_2O,\;0.575\;mM\;MgSO_4.7H_2O$, and $1.83\;mM\;KH_2PO_4$. A new medium labeled as TAM was formulated for the production of Eurycoma longifolia cell biomass in the cell suspension culture.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.779-781
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• 1998

The aim of this study is to provide evidence on the aphrodisiac property of Eurycoma longifolia Jack. An electric grid was used as an obstruction in the electrical copula tion cage in order to determine how much an aversive stimulus the sexually naive male rat for both the treated with E. longifolia Jack and control groups were willing to overcome to reach the estrous receptive female in the goal cage. The intensity of the grid current was maintained at 0.12mA and this was the intensity in which the male rats in the control group failed to crossover to reach the goal cage. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack continued to enhance and also maintain a high level of both the total number of successful crossovers, mountings, intromissions and ejaculations during the 9-12 th week observation period. In conclusion, these results further enhanced and strenghtened the aphrodisiac property of E.longifolia Jack.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.656-659
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• 1997

The Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Sexually normal male rats were treated twice daily with 500 mg $kg^{-1}$ / of different fractions of E.longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and were then observed for their copulatory behaviour with a receptive female in a copulation cage. Results showed that was a significant increase (p<0.05) in EL-1, EL-2, EL-3 but significant decrease (p<0.05) in both PEI-1 and PEI-2 in treated male rats as compared to the control male rats indicating that E. longifolia Jack increased the sexual performance of the treated male rats by extending the duration of coitus and decreasing the refractory period between the different series of copulation. Hence, this preliminary work supports the folk use of this plant as having aphrodisiac property.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.340-346
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• 2018

In this study, the effect of elicitors such as yeast extract (YE), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the accumulation of eurycomanone in Eurycoma longifolia cell cultures were investigated. Suspension cells of E. longifolia was cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 1.25 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/L kinetin at a shaking speed of 120 rpm. Elicitors were added in the culture at different concentrations and times to stimulate eurycomanone accumulation in the Eurycoma longifolia cells. Eurycomanone content was determined by HPLC with a C18 column, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, run time of 17.5 min, and a detector wavelength of 254 nm. The stationary phase was silica gel and the mobile phase was acetonitrile: $H_2O$. Non-elicited cells were used as the control. The study showed the effect of different elicitor concentrations, YE at 200 mg/L, MeJA at $20{\mu}M$ and SA at $20{\mu}M$ stimulated high production of eurycomanone. In which, treatment of $20{\mu}M$ MeJA after 4 days of culture resulted in the highest accumulation of this compound (17.36 mg/g dry weight), approximately 10-fold higher than that of untreated cells (1.70 mg/g dry weight).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

Callus and cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifolia Jack could be an alternative supply of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. The callus tissues were initiated from leaves of different trees. The friable calli were used for the preparation of the cell suspension cultures of E. longifolia. The leaf explant of tree Eu-9 produced the most callus and also induced high cell biomass in the cell suspension culture, but it produced low quantity of 9-methoxycanthin- 6-one and 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one. The leaf explant from tree Eu-8 produced low quantity of callus and cell biomass, but produced the highest quantity of 9-methoxycanthin- 6-one and 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one. Optimum production of cell biomass was obtained on cell culture medium with pH 5.75 prior to autoclaving, but high alkaloids content could be induced in culture medium in acidic condition with pH 4.75 and 5.25 prior to autoclaving.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.343-362
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• 2024

Eurycoma longifolia (pasak bumi) is a popular medicinal plant in Indonesia and is widely used in various products. Its high economic value has caused illegal harvesting and product falsification. Using molecular techniques, the authentication and traceability of E. longifolia derivatives can be controlled to ensure consumer safety. Therefore, this study aimed to authenticate the products and derivatives of E. longifolia (pasak bumi) produced, marketed, and consumed in Indonesia using molecular identification techniques. Genomic DNA from 37 leaf samples collected from the Sumatran mainland and the Riau Islands and six E. longifolia products were amplified and sequenced using trnL-trnF and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The results revealed that all leaf samples were indeed E. longifolia based on the markers used, with the six products, only the herbal tea product (sample code TCPB) was most likely derived from E. longifolia based on the two regions, suggesting that not all products labelled as E. longifolia in the market are authentic. The results also indicated that several other plants species are used as substitutes or adulterants, including Simaba spp., Simarouba spp., Homalolepis spp., Vernonia gigantea, Elephantopus scaber, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, Cyanthillium spp., Potentilla lineata, Ailanthus altissima, Geijera paniculata, Hannoa chlorantha, and Dalbergia spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were also identified in this study on the outer wooden cup of E. longifolia products. Therefore, this molecular approach is effective in identifying the authenticity of E. longifolia products, with trnL-trnF and ITS as the recommended DNA markers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.437-440
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• 2001

It has been reported that Eurycoma longifolia Jack commonly known as Tongkat Ali has gained notoreity as a symbol of man's ego and strength by the Malaysian men because it increases male virility and sexual prowess during sexual activities. As such, the effects of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack were studied on the laevator am muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats after dosing them for 12 consecutive weeks. Results showed that 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack significantly increased (p<0.05) the leavator am muscle to 58.56$\pm$1.22, 58.23 $\pm$0.31, 60.21 $\pm$0.86 and 62.35 $\pm$0.98 mg/100 g body weight, respectively, when compared with the control (untreated) in the uncastrated intact male rats and 49.23 $\pm$0.82, 52.23 $\pm$ 0.36, 50.21 $\pm$ 0.66 and 52.35 $\pm$ 0.58 mg/100 g body weight, respectivety, when compared to control (untreated) in the testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats. Hence the proandrogenic effect as shown by this study further supported the traditional use of this plant as an aphrodisiac.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.58-61
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• 1998

Eurycoma longifolia Jack was evaluated for aphrodisiac property on sexually naive male mice using the electrical copulation cage. Optimum condition was provided for this study and the male mice were treated with 500 mg/kg of either chloroform, methanol, water or n-butanol fractions from E. longifolia Jack. However, the mice in the yohimbine and control groups received 30 mg/kg and 3 ml/kg of yohimbine and normal saline respectively. The male mice were then conditioned to seek either an estrous female, sexually vigorous male or no mouse, a measurement of right, wrong or no choice respectively. Besides this, hesitation time which was the time spent before the sexually naive male mice crossed the electrical grid (maintained at 0.12 mA) was also determined. Results showed that E. longifolia Jack possesses aphrodisiac property on the sexually naive male mice as shown by the slow and transient reduction in hesitation time and also a similar manner in the increase in the % of sexually naive male mice scoring right choice throughout the investigation period. Hence, this further supports the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.138-141
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• 1999

The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied in maintaining mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats after dosing them with 500 mg/kg daily of E. longifolia Jack for 10 days prior to test and later continued for two weeks where the rats were then castrated. The similar dosage was then continued for 12 weeks post-castration. However, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was administered subcutaneously on the day of castration and lasted for 6 weeks post-castration but later raised to $800\;{\mu}g/day$ until 12 week post-castration. Tests were conducted weekly from 2-6 weeks and 8-12 weeks post-castration. Results showed that all the experimental male rats exhibited mating behavior before castration. Further results also indicated that E. longifolia Jack successfully maintained mating behavior but less than precastration level from 2-6 weeks and later increased from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Similarly, $400\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone was effective in maintaining mating behavior from 2-6 weeks post-castration. However, $800\;{\mu}g/day$ of testosterone managed to return the male rats to the precastration level with all male rats exhibited mating behavior from 8-12 weeks post-castration. Further results also indicated that testosterone significantly increased the penis weights (p < 0.05) as compared to the E. longifolia Jack. In conclusion, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack continued to maintain mating behavior of sexually experienced castrated male rats, giving further evidence of the folkuse of this plant as aphrodisiac.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1994

Two new 1,2-seco-1-nor-6((5 $\mapsto$ 10)abeo-picrasan-2,5-olideskeleton quassinoids, eurylactones A [1] and B [2], and two new $C_{19}$ skeleton quassinoids 3 and 4 were isolated from Eurycoma longifolia together with two known $C_{18}$ quassinoids 5 and 6. Their sttuctures were established by the spectral evidence.Many quassinoids have already been isolated (1-3) from the roots, wood, and leaves of Eurycoma longiolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) and have been used as a folk medicine insoutheast Asia. As part of a series of studies, we have further undertaken the chemicalinvestigation of the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the MeOH extract and isolated two new1,2-seco-1-nor-6(5 $\mapsto$ 10)abeo-picrasane skeleton quassinoids 1 and 2, which have beenknown only in shinjulactone B (4,5) and yadanfiolide (6), two new $C_{19}$-type quasslnolds3 and 4, and two known C18-type quassinoids 5 and 6. In this paper, the structureelucidation and biosenetic relation of these compounds are described.