• Mycobiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2009

We isolated and identified a strain of Eurotium rubrum from Meju that has not been reported in Korea. This fungus is yellowish brown; reverse dark brown on CYA and PDA while yellow on 2% MEA at $25{^{\circ}C}$. Cleistothecia are first bright yellow and gradually turned brown. Mycerial growth on CYA attained a diameter of 30 mm at $20{^{\circ}C}$, 37 mm at $25{^{\circ}C}$ and 32 mm at $30{^{\circ}C}$ after 15 days. The isolate grew slower on 2% MEA ($<$ 20 mm 15 days at $25{^{\circ}C}$) compared to CYA and PDA ($<$ 40 mm 15 days at $25{^{\circ}C}$). Cleistothecia are superficial, yellow to light brown, globose to subglobose, 40~75 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. Asci are 8-spored and globose to subglobose 8~11 ${\mu}m$. Ascospores are disciform, 4.0~5.0 ${\mu}m$ in length and 4.2~4.5 ${\mu}m$ in width. Conidia are ovate or bacillar, finely roughened to densely spinulose, 4.6~6.0 ${\mu}m$ in length and 3.0~4.3 ${\mu}m$ in width. Compared to known Eurotium rubrum, the Korean isolate showed 99% sequence similarity in ITS rDNA (554 bp) and calmodulin (750 bp) gene and 100% in $\beta$-tubulin (1016 bp) gene. The E. rubrum isolate also had weak $\beta$-glucosidase and protease activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.675-680
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• 2009

There is considerable interest in the isolation of potent radical scavenging compounds from natural resources to treat diseases involving oxidative stress. In this report, four new fungal metabolites including one new bisdihydroanthracenone derivative (1, eurorubrin), two new seco-anthraquinone derivatives [3, 2-O-methyl-9-dehydroxyeurotinone and 4, 2-O-methyl-4-O-(${\alpha}$-D-ribofuranosyl)-9-dehydroxyeurotinone], and one new anthraquinone glycoside [6,3-O-(${\alpha}$-D-ribofuranosyl)-questin], were isolated and identified from Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungal strain that was isolated from the inner tissue of the stem of the marine mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus. In addition, three known compounds including asperflavin (2), 2-0-methyleurotinone (5), and questin (7) were also isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권4호통권91호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1999

옥수수에서 분리한 ochratoxin생성균인 Aspergillus ochraceus와 다른 균류 6종과의 in vitro 생장 및 상호작용에 미치는 수분활성도(water activity; $a_w$)와 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. A. ochraceus를 6종의 균류와 각각 대치 배양한 후 그들의 상호작용에 수리점수(numerical score)를 주어 각 종의 우점지수($I_D$)를 구하였다. 일반적으로 A. ochraceus는 다른 종에 대하여 매우 경쟁력이 있는 우점종이었다. 그러나 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 Alternaria alternata와 A. niger에게 우점당하였으며, 낮은 $a_w(0.9\;a_w)$에서는 Eurotium amstelodami와 E. rubrum과 상호 길항 관계를 보였다. 공시균들의 생장율에 미치는 $a_w$와 온도의 영향을 조사하였던 바 $a_w$와 온도에 따라 생장율은 많은 차이가 있었다. 높은 온도($30^{\circ}C$)에서 A. ochraceus는 $0.95\;a_w$에서 가장 생장이 빠른 반면에 A. flavus, A. niger 및 A. niger 및 A. alternata는 $0.995\;a_w$에서 가장 빠른 생장을 보였다. 낮은 온도($18{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 A. alternata가 가장 생장이 빨랐으며 A. candidus, E. amstelodami 및 E. rubrum은 생장이 매우 느렸다. Biolog plates를 이용하여 옥수수 유래의 탄소원 이용패턴에 미치는 $a_w$와 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. A. ochraceus의 niche중복지수(NOI)를 구하였고 각각의 상호작용 균들의 NOI와 비교하였다. 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 보통 0.9 이상으로서 다른 종들과의 공존을 나타내었다 그러나 $18^{\circ}C$에서 E. amstelodami와 E. rubrum과 비교할 때는 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 0.8이하로서 별도의 niche를 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 낮은 $a_w(0.95\;a_w)$에서 A. alternata 및 A. niger와 비교할 경우 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 0.8 이하로서 역시 서로 다른 niche를 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2015

Aspergillus is an important fungal genus used for the fermentation of Asian foods; this genus is referred to as koji mold in Japan and China. A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. tamari are used in the production of miso and shoyu in Japan, but a comprehensive taxonomic study of Aspergillus isolated from Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste in Korea, has not been conducted. In this study, various Aspergillus species were isolated during a study of the mycobiota of Meju, and the aspergilli were identified based on phenotypic characteristics and sequencing of the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. Most strains of Aspergillus were found to belong to the following sections: Aspergillus (n = 220), Flavi (n = 213), and Nigri (n = 54). The most commonly identified species were A. oryzae (n = 183), A. pseudoglaucus (Eurotium repens) (n = 81), A. chevalieri (E. chevalieri) (n = 62), A. montevidensis (E. amstelodami) (n = 34), A. niger (n = 21), A. tamari (n = 15), A. ruber (E. rubrum) (n = 15), A. proliferans (n = 14), and A. luchuensis (n = 14); 25 species were identified from 533 Aspergillus strains. Aspergillus strains were mainly found during the high temperature fermentation period in the later steps of Meju fermentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2012

A home-made meju sample contaminated naturally with aflatoxins was used for isolation of fungal strains. Overall, 230 fungal isolates were obtained on dichloran rosebengal chloramphenicol (DRBC) and dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar plates. Morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of a partial ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA were used for the identification of the isolates. The fungal isolates were divided into 7 genera: Aspergillus, Eurotium, Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Mucor, Lichtheimia, and Curvularia. Three strains from 56 isolates of the A. oryzae/flavus group were found to be aflatoxigenic A. flavus, by the presence of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes and confirmatory aflatoxin production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The predominant isolate from DRBC plates was A. oryzae (42 strains, 36.2%), whereas that from DG18 was A. candidus (61 strains, 53.5%). Out of the 230 isolates, the most common species was A. candidus (34.3%) followed by A. oryzae (22.2%), Mucor circinelloides (13.0%), P. polonicum (10.0%), A. tubingensis (4.8%), and L. ramosa (3.5%). A. flavus and E. chevalieri presented occurrence levels of 2.2%, respectively. The remaining isolates of A. unguis, P. oxalicum, Eupenicillium cinnamopurpureum, A. acidus, E. rubrum, P. chrysogenum, M. racemosus, and C. inaequalis had lower occurrence levels of < 2.0%.