• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1346-1353
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• 2014

In the present study, an anthraquinone derivative, questinol was successfully isolated from the broth extract of the marine-derived fungus Eurotium amstelodami for the first time. The structure of questinol was determined based on the analysis of the MS and NMR spectral data as well as comparison of those data with the published data. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect of questinol in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was investigated. The results showed that questinol did not exhibit cytotoxicity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells up to $200{\mu}M$. Questinol could significantly inhibit NO and $PGE_2$ production at indicated concentrations. Questinol was also found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and IL-6. Furthermore, the western blot analysis showed that questinol suppressed the expression level of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. However, questinol could slightly inhibit the expression of COX-2 at the concentration of $200{\mu}M$. Therefore, our study suggests that questinol might be selected as a promising agent for the prevention and therapy of inflammatory disease.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권4호통권91호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1999

옥수수에서 분리한 ochratoxin생성균인 Aspergillus ochraceus와 다른 균류 6종과의 in vitro 생장 및 상호작용에 미치는 수분활성도(water activity; $a_w$)와 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. A. ochraceus를 6종의 균류와 각각 대치 배양한 후 그들의 상호작용에 수리점수(numerical score)를 주어 각 종의 우점지수($I_D$)를 구하였다. 일반적으로 A. ochraceus는 다른 종에 대하여 매우 경쟁력이 있는 우점종이었다. 그러나 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 Alternaria alternata와 A. niger에게 우점당하였으며, 낮은 $a_w(0.9\;a_w)$에서는 Eurotium amstelodami와 E. rubrum과 상호 길항 관계를 보였다. 공시균들의 생장율에 미치는 $a_w$와 온도의 영향을 조사하였던 바 $a_w$와 온도에 따라 생장율은 많은 차이가 있었다. 높은 온도($30^{\circ}C$)에서 A. ochraceus는 $0.95\;a_w$에서 가장 생장이 빠른 반면에 A. flavus, A. niger 및 A. niger 및 A. alternata는 $0.995\;a_w$에서 가장 빠른 생장을 보였다. 낮은 온도($18{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 A. alternata가 가장 생장이 빨랐으며 A. candidus, E. amstelodami 및 E. rubrum은 생장이 매우 느렸다. Biolog plates를 이용하여 옥수수 유래의 탄소원 이용패턴에 미치는 $a_w$와 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. A. ochraceus의 niche중복지수(NOI)를 구하였고 각각의 상호작용 균들의 NOI와 비교하였다. 높은 $a_w(0.995\;a_w)$에서는 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 보통 0.9 이상으로서 다른 종들과의 공존을 나타내었다 그러나 $18^{\circ}C$에서 E. amstelodami와 E. rubrum과 비교할 때는 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 0.8이하로서 별도의 niche를 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 낮은 $a_w(0.95\;a_w)$에서 A. alternata 및 A. niger와 비교할 경우 A. ochraceus의 NOI 값이 0.8 이하로서 역시 서로 다른 niche를 점유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.170-174
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• 2002

A total of twenty-nine species and one species variety belonging to 12 genera was isolated from 30 samples of molasses on 1% glucose(10 genera, 22 species and 1 variety) and 50% sucrose(7, 21 and 1) Czapek's agar at $25^{\circ}C$ media. Aspergillus, Mucor, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium were the most common genera on the two types of media. From the above genera, the most prevalent species were: Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Mycosphaerella tassiana, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. oxalicum and P. purpurogenum. Also, some species were only isolated on 50% sucrose such as Eurotium amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. repens, Humicola fuscoatra, Penicillium aurantiogriseum and P. puberulum. About 65 fungal isolates isolated from 50% sucrose agar were tested for their ability to produce invertase enzyme in liquid medium and 93.8% of the isolates could produce this enzyme. From the positive isolates, 32 showed high invertase activity, 21 had moderate activity and the remaining 8 isolates were of weak activity. Sixty isolates of Aspergillus, Emericella, Eurotium, Mycosphaerella and Penicillium from the preceding study were screened for the presence of their respective mycotoxins. Larva of brine shrimp(Artema sauna L.) were used for toxicity test of the fungal crude extracts. Three isolates out of 60 tested were toxic. Using thin-layer chromatographic technique, 5 different known mycotoxin were detected aflatoxins : B1, B2, G1, G2 and citrinin.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2015

Aspergillus is an important fungal genus used for the fermentation of Asian foods; this genus is referred to as koji mold in Japan and China. A. oryzae, A. sojae, and A. tamari are used in the production of miso and shoyu in Japan, but a comprehensive taxonomic study of Aspergillus isolated from Meju, a fermented soybean starting material for traditional soy sauce and soybean paste in Korea, has not been conducted. In this study, various Aspergillus species were isolated during a study of the mycobiota of Meju, and the aspergilli were identified based on phenotypic characteristics and sequencing of the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene. Most strains of Aspergillus were found to belong to the following sections: Aspergillus (n = 220), Flavi (n = 213), and Nigri (n = 54). The most commonly identified species were A. oryzae (n = 183), A. pseudoglaucus (Eurotium repens) (n = 81), A. chevalieri (E. chevalieri) (n = 62), A. montevidensis (E. amstelodami) (n = 34), A. niger (n = 21), A. tamari (n = 15), A. ruber (E. rubrum) (n = 15), A. proliferans (n = 14), and A. luchuensis (n = 14); 25 species were identified from 533 Aspergillus strains. Aspergillus strains were mainly found during the high temperature fermentation period in the later steps of Meju fermentation.