• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2230-2235
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• 2008

As a consequence of the standardization process developing in Europe, on April 2005 the new European standard EN 13749 was issued by the European standardization body CEN. The norm EN 13749 standardizes and develops the requirements already present in UIC leaflets for test verifications and define all technical requirements for the acceptance process in order to achieve a complete satisfactory design of the bogie. The aim of the norm is to define the complete design process of new railway bogies. It includes design procedures, assessment methods, verification and manufacturing quality requirements. In this study, fatigue analysis of the bogie frame is investigated comparing different approaches between conventional methodology and simulation results based on the VPD(Virtual Product Development).

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2003

The planning of access area, so called "core" plays an important role of planning for multifamily housing, especially multistory housing. For all possibility of various planning and design, this area has been mostly planned and designed in uniformity. And only few attempts have so far been made in studying core, on the contrary to the unit plan or plotplan. It is keenly needed to develop various skills of planning and design in this sector. The purpose of this study is to find out the usable elements of planning and design, those are correspondent to normative targets. For this end, most possible core types are classified in to three categories: circulation types in the housing block, axis types to the entrance of housing units and number of accessed housing units. And then, sizable developments for norm of core have been effectuating in view of function, relationships both with housing unit and block. Based on this classification of types and listed norm, several European examples are analyzed and evaluated by merits and demerits of their respective core types. In addition to this analysis, some adequate planning conditions, positive vs. negative types of core, and detailed planning elements are prepared with regard to the norm of core. It is noteworthy that a variety of possible core planning cases are available by means of combination of lower categories in the classified core types. It is expected that this study will render service for some helpful planning and design guide in the practice

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2014

The hollow design of a railway axle is one of the most effective methods to reduce the weight of an axle. However, the conventional hollow axle has the limitation of a lightweight design because it has the same bore diameter along the axial position. The new type of railway axle, the tapered inner surface railway axle, has a different inner diameter between the journal bearing seat and wheel seat. This design method is one way to increase the weight reduction possibility. The purpose of the present study is to establish and evaluate the design of the tapered inner surface railway axle. The case study and Finite Element Method(FEM) are applied to evaluate the strength of the lightweight railway axle according to the European Norm(EN 13103). Finally, the best design case for reducing the weight of the axle is drawn from the results of the case study.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1163-1168
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• 2008

Automatic Train Protection(ATP) System is developed by ETCS(European Train Control System) CONSORTIUM for unify Europe railway system. ATP system is composed of Eurobalise and EuroATC. Nowadays, Korea construct ATP system in conventional line and new electrical locomotives also install ATP system. It is important to verify quality which form checklist during Factory Acceptance Test at beyond the seas. In this paper, review the process, test item, norm and checklist for the Balise Transmission Module, Compact Antenna Unit, Vehicle Control Unit and Communication Controller at the Plymouth Bombardier and Vasteras enics factory.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2019

유류탱크 화재는 화재진압이 쉽지 않다. 미국, 일본, 싱가포르 등의 국가에서는 오랜 시행착오 끝에 대형 유류저장탱크의 전면화재에 대응하기 위한 대용량의 포방사 시스템을 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 American Petroleum Institute (API), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), British Standard European Norm (BS EN)의 관련 기준과 일본의 법령 등을 바탕으로 대용량 포방사에 대한 기준과 방법 등을 연구하였고, 모형탱크 전면화재 진압 비교실험을 통해 대용량 포방사의 성능을 확인하였다. 그 결과 소용량의 노즐 여러 개를 사용하는 것보다 대용량의 노즐 하나를 사용하는 대용량 포방사가 화재진압 성능이 더 우수 하였고, 노즐의 배치를 달리하여 서로 다른 방향에서 방사하는 것보다 동일한 방향에서 집중 방사하는 것이 더욱 효과적이었다. 결국 대용량포방사시스템의 국내도입 필요성을 확인하였다. 그러나 대용량포방사시스템의 운용은 현장 여건에 따라서는 매우 제한적일 수밖에 없다. 따라서 시스템을 최대한 경량화 되고 이동이 쉬운 것으로 도입하여야 한다. 또한 주요 탱크별로 운영계획을 수립하면서 대구경 소방호스의 장거리 설치문제, 소방활동 공간의 협소문제 등 파악되는 장애요인을 현장 여건에 따라 해결해 나가는 것이 현실적 방안으로 보인다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.261-272
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations between wooden toy and development of infant and young children by taking only the commercialized wooden furniture which would be suitable for the developmental area for infant and young children, among the physical environment influencing the balanced development and development for them. The recommended standard for them was the commercialized good and the only advanced toys for the development of infant and young children was primary selected, in case of different furniture for same purpose with regardless of manufacturer, country of origin and price. The selected wooden toys for development of infant and young children covered the following test conditions. They keep the soft and clean surfaces and the corners are the round-finished so safe. The dyeing and coloring are so clear like the rainbow-colored in compliance with the international safety norm, and the paint material used are harmless to the people, because they have already passed the European Safety Norm EN 71 which is the most authoritative and strict standard in the world and contained accordingly little heavy metals, toxic substances and also allergy pigment under the maximum permissible standard. The size of wooden toys are not small enough for infant and young children to be able to swallow and this is important check point, because infants tend to feel the object in their own touching and therefore to have everything to the lip. The paint used was the toys-oriented goods and proved by the test regarding saliva and sweat.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

Objectives: To review reference levels by the international and domestic management and provide the basis for setting occupational exposure limits(OELs) of radon in Korea Methods: Government's organizations with laws and systems for monitoring radon exposure were investigated and compared. There are five laws governing Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) control such as Occupational Safety and Health Act, Indoor Air Quality Control in Public Use Facilities, Etc. Act, School Health Act, Public Health Control Act and Parking Lot Act in Korea. It was surveyed that a total of 32 countries including 24 countries in the European Union(EU), six countries in Asian and two countries in North America setting the reference levels for radon in the world. Results: In Korea, there are set guidelines for radon in the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Education. Reference levels of radon for existing dwellings were $150{\sim}400Bq/m^3$ for Western European countries, and $200{\sim}1,500Bq/m^3$ in Eastern European countries. Approximately 67% of those EU countries were set up $400Bq/m^3$ to the standards for existing dwellings. EU countries such as Luxembourg, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Russia had adopted mandatory level for radon. Radon guidelines for new dwellings were set more strictly reference level($200Bq/m^3$) than existing dwellings. Conclusions: International organizations such as ICRP, UNSCEAR and NCRP, etc. had recommended the guidelines for radon. It was calculated the relation of the dose conversion factors with the annual effective doses. the OELs of radon suggest to need to establish $150Bq/m^3$ for office room and $400{\sim}1,000Bq/m^3$ for the workplace.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2013

Electrical resistivity is a property associated with both the physical and chemical characteristics of concrete. It allows the evaluation of the greater or lesser difficulty with which aggressive substances penetrate the concrete's core before the dissolution of the passive film process and the consequent reinforcement's corrosion begin. This work addresses the capillary absorption of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with various types and contents of additions, correlating it with its electrical resistivity. To that effect, binary and ternary mixes of SCC were produced using fly ashes (FA) and limestone filler (LF). A total of 11 self-compactable mixes were produced: one with cement (C) only; three with C + FA in 30%, 60% and 70% substitution ratios; three with C + LF in 30%, 60% and 70% substitution ratios; four with C + FA + LF in combinations of 10-20%, 20-10%, 20-40% and 40-20% substitution ratios, respectively; and four reference mixes according to the LNEC E 464 specification, which refers to the NP EN 206-1 norm. The evaluation of the capillarity of the mixes produced was made through the determination of the water absorption by capillarity coefficient according to the LNEC E 393 specification. The electrical resistivity was evaluated using the European norm proposal presented by the EU-Project CHLORTEST (EU funded research Project under 5FP GROWTH programme) and based on the RILEM TC-154 EMC technical recommendation. The results indicate that SCC's capillarity is strongly conditioned by the type and quantity of the additions used. It was found that FA addition significantly improves some of the properties studied especially at older ages.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2018

R-Bar(Overhead Rigid Conductor system) is being developed for the high-speed in Europe because it has an advantage of cross section area reduction of tunnel compared with OCS (Overhead Catenary Line). Because there are lots of underground sections and mountains in korea, it is necessary to develop the R-Bar for a high-speed line. In this study, a method on speed-up of transition section between OCS and R-Bar is proposed. The commercial program, DAFUL, is used to predict a dynamic characteristics between Overhead Line and pantograph. The program is evaluated according to EN 50318 which is the European Norm for evaluation of the program. Using the evaluated modeling and method, a method for the max. speed of 250 km/h of transition section is proposed.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.513-527
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• 2022

본 연구는 2020년을 전후하여 전세계를 휩쓴 코로나가 끼친 사회문화적인 영향을 살펴보고 이를 통한 규범의 전환과 사회문제를 고찰하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 펜데믹의 대표적인 사례인 14세기 유럽 흑사병이 미친 사회문화적 규범의 변화의 특성을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 이번 코로나를 분석하였다. 흑사병은 기존의 종교 권위와 봉건제도의 권력을 기반으로 한 사회규범을 계몽주의로 바꾸는 계기가 되었다. 인구감소와 노동력 부족 현상은 상업화와 기계화를 촉진시키기도 하였다. 이 시기에 확산된 인쇄술은 지식의 대중화를 이끌었으며 이를 통해 사고의 수준이 높아지고 획기적인 과학적 발전을 이끌어 산업혁명의 토대가 되었다. 최근의 코로나는 흑사병처럼 사회적 규범의 변화를 촉발하였다. 가상과 현실이 혼합된 메타버스라는 기술적 환경은 개인의 정체성을 단일하게 구성되고 유지되어야 한다는 규범에서 벗어나 부캐를 통해 다양한 잠재력을 발휘하는 자유롭고 개방적인 정체성으로 성격을 변화시켰다. 또한 메타버스 상에서 자신과 동일한 세계관을 가지고 있는 이들과 친근하게 지내는 밈(meme)은 비대면 상황에서 고립감을 약화시켜주었다. 코로나 팬데믹 기간동안 발전된 인공지능(AI)은 인간을 보조해주는 기능을 넘어 창조적 활동에 이용되는 단계에 들어섰다. 코로나 팬데믹으로 인해 바뀐 사회규범이 만들어 낸 새로운 사회문제는 어떤 것이 있을지에 대한 논의가 진행되었다.