• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2003

The wave of globalisation initiated by marketisation has increasingly penetrated into all sectors across the world, accordingly, the health & hospital service sector could not be made no escapes, and it currently faces the order of more marketised competition more than ever. Traditionally, the characteristic of the hospital services in the UK has considered as a model of social provision by government. However, contrary to our knowledge, the sphere of the hospital service in the UK has already been immersed in by the marketisation, in which the private actors have been embedded in order to tweak the activities of the hospital service with in the European Union. As the methodology of this research, the qualitative analysis, namely the interview with some doctors in Surgery, NHS Trusts staffs and relevant specialists in has been performed on April to May, 2003. And on the other hand, the various documents related to its service have been analysed. Thus, this paper will review the characteristics of the health service sector in the UK. In doing so, it will illuminate what would be the structural factors derived from its existing system, as a result, it will shed light on how the UK government makes an effort to resolve the problematic situation by reviewing the policy direction of Foundation Hospital proposed recently. In the next stage, it will analyse how all elements consist of the hospital management in the UK has been adjusted and be likely to be changed within Europe. More specifically focuses on how the private hospital service has been managed and related with the activities of its public hospital service-NHS Trusts. Also, under the circumstance, what private health insurance companies function will be studied. In conclusion, it will be concluded that what will be the implication of Korean hospital service market so as to correspond to globally open market by WTO. Now the UK health service system has faced a turning point of becoming more health care market internally and externally pressed by global and regional factors. Thus it is meaningful to scrutinize how a key part of social provision in the health care market system tends to adjust to globally marketised regulation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

This study describes the environment change of an internal and external medical device market to be entered to European market of an urinary incontinence treatment device, is aimed at suggesting a participation plan analyzing urinary incontinence and treatments, and characteristic of new products & European urinary incontinence market. In conclusion, to sell the urinary incontinence treatment device developed as the world's first in European market, the following strategies are needed. First, the strategies domestic firms make family doctors and urologists heighten awareness of the urinary incontinence treatment device developed in Korea through participation of associations and exhibition being held in Europe to increase a market penetration level are needed. Second, it may be necessary to emphasize the fact that this devices are a characterful products and treatments, and cost-effectiveness treatments reducing infection ratio. Third, the domestic production firms of the urinary incontinence treatment device should suggest quality, delivery, and price consistency through looking for ways to lower the price while maintaining the quality in an increasingly competitive market conditions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

The purpose of this research is to analyze the European paradigm of health investment and its implication. Conventional content analysis of WHO/EU(/EC)/European countries' policy data, and articles shows that the European paradigm of health investment is consist of the basic and extended models, twelve life-course-based health investment policies, and SROI evaluation method. The analyses and discussion points provide policy implications for making virtuous cycle of Korean sustainable healthcare system with economic development in the post Covid-19 era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.5 s.77
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

Standard safety management costs can not be applied to each site with same rate, it is very difficult, because it depends on the experience, work method, work kind, work progress schedule, and hazard level of each construction company. Therefore, this study is to find out hazard level of each work kinds through questionnaire and interview and investigate analyze the status which standard safety management costs have been used. Also, this study is to show reasonable rates of standard safety management costs in construction industry and to set up countermeasures against those problem after reviewing its status in korea with in Japan and Europe. The domestic system of standard safety management costs is not considered in the foreign country, while only related subjective items have been investigated and evaluated for this study. This study is to investigate eleven project kinds of domestic system, first, and to investigate eleven items of apartment bldg, office, civil work such as bridge, tunnel, dam, plant etc, secondly. Additionally, three items of gymnasium, railway, particular steel tower are investigated in this study. Also this study is to investigate and analyze performed costs of presently processing worker finished work so that it shows a new reasonable rate against standard safety management costs in construction industry, in order to make basial data and material to be systemized.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.579-586
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• 2013

Purpose: This article provides an update and overview of a nursing research program focused on understanding the pathophysiology and management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: This review includes English language papers from the United States, Europe, and Asia (e.g., South Korea) from 1999 to 2013. We addressed IBS as a health problem, emerging etiologies, diagnostic and treatment approaches and the importance of a biopsychosocial model. Results: IBS is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habit (diarrhea, constipation, mixed). It is a condition for which adults, particularly women ages 20-45, seek health care services in both the United States and South Korea. Clinically, nurses play key roles in symptom prevention and management including designing and implementing approaches to enhance the patients' self-management strategies. Multiple mechanisms are believed to participate in the development and maintenance of IBS symptoms including autonomic nervous system dysregulation, intestinal inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, dietary intolerances, alterations in emotion regulation, heightened visceral pain sensitivity, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation, and dysmotility. Because IBS tends to occur in families, genetic factors may also contribute to the pathophysiology. Patients with IBS often report a number of co-morbid disorders and/or symptoms including poor sleep. Conclusion: The key to planning effective management strategies is to understand the heterogeneity of this disorder. Interventions for IBS include non-pharmacological strategies such as cognitive behavior therapy, relaxation strategies, and exclusion diets.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-119
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• 2019

Background : Germany is the first country in the world to introduce modern systems of public health insurance, and the country which most widely uses complementary alternative medicine(CAM) in Europe. In early 21^st century, a large evaluation studies were conducted to include acupuncture in health insurance payments, which were eventually decided. Objectives : This study is to investigate and analyze the process of public policy determination on insurance coverage for acupuncture in German health insurance system. Methods : We collected the data and information through the literature search and from the websites of German government departments and health insurance organizations. To obtain contextual information, German experts of health insurance and acupuncture clinical study were interviewed. Results : As use of acupuncture had been growing, German public health insurers wanted to evaluate the validity of acupuncture coverage and sponsored three evaluation projects for clinical effectiveness of acupuncture using randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and pragmatic trials from 2001 to 2005. For some pain condition, acupuncture was founded not to be effective than sham acupuncture, but more effective than standard care. The federal joint committee of health insurance decided to cover acupuncture for chronic pain of lumbar spine and chronic pain in at least one knee joint due to gonarthrosis. Conclusions : Considering the controversial subject matter in the process of acupuncture's health insurance coverage in Germany, expanding the benefits of Korean medicine in Korea needs to come up with ways to overcome the difficulties of placebo effect, standardization and lack of literature evidence.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-42
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• 2017

Background : Efforts towards increasing insurance coverage for traditional Korean medicine (TKM) are being continued. However, various difficulties are faced in generating evidence for TKM due to limited financial support and the low quality of research methodology. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the Swiss evaluation program for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and assess the expansion in public health insurance coverage of complementary medicine as approved by referendum in Switzerland. Methods : The regulations of CAM in the European Union were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites which deal with the 'Programm Evaluation $Komplement{\ddot{a}}rmedizin$ (PEK)' and the referendum in Switzerland were searched for and analyzed. Results : The PEK was conducted from 1998 to 2005. The PEK evaluated the efficacy, utilization and cost-effectiveness of anthroposophical medicine, homeopathy, neural therapy, phytotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine. However, clear conclusions could not be drawn from the evaluation according to the PEK Report. Later, a referendum was implemented in which 5 therapies would be added to the Switzerland Constitution with the support of the public. The coverage of CAM was approved by Swiss a plebiscite with an approval rate of 67.0%. Conclusions : The reason for the successful referendum is suggested to be public support and the solidarity with CAM experts and politicians. It may be surmised that recognition of the political efforts and scientific aspects required to expand insurance coverage of TKM, and towards obtaining public support, is necessary.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2020

Since water quality protection is an important issue for the health and survival of the people, various policy efforts are being made to prevent water pollution in any country. This paper seeks to find policy alternatives for Korea's water resource protection area by examining policies related to water resource protection system in the United States and Europe.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.88-101
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• 2003

There is difference between European Cuisine and Korean Cuisine in various ways. In order to advance Korean Food into European Market, we should understand well European food-culture and food-custom. There are several process for push into the European Market. First, we inform European like that Korea traditional food (repast tool, the interior of Korean restaurant, traditional music, food-sequence, service method etc.). Second, we can introduce them ' Korean Fusion Food ' and that Korean Cuisine is ' Health foods '. For globalization of Korean Cuisine, we must understand exactly European market situation and know well the field law and tax system for business. Next, we establish the prior plan to supply with Korean food material till faraway region.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 2022

Among the approaches to the production of "green" energy, geothermal power systems are becoming quite popular in Europe. Their installation in existing buildings requires an extended, external pipes appendix and its laying operation needs a drilling activities nearby structural skeletons often designed to support static loads only, especially when ancient buildings are targeted. This contribution reports and discusses the experimental results achieved within a specific case study within the European project GEOFIT. In particular, standard accelerometric measurements in and nearby a single-story reinforced concrete building are collected and analysed in the absence of drilling (pre-drilling) and during drilling activities (drilling phase) to monitor the structure response to the external source of vibrations related to the excavations phase. The target is to outline automatic guidelines toward installations preventing from any sort of structural damage.