• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

Members of the ciliate group of protozoans are often observed in mass cultures of rotifers. In particular, Euplotes and Vorticella are common contaminating species. In this study, I examined the effect of the ciliates Euplotes sp. and Vorticella sp. on the growth of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis by conducting inter-specific and tripartite-specific mixed-culture experiments. The growth of rotifers was suppressed in co-existence with Euplotes sp. compared with monocultures of rotifers. However, Vorticella sp. promoted rotifer growth. Moreover, Vorticella sp. improved the growth of rotifers suppressed by Euplotes sp. contaminants. In 5-L semi-mass cultures of rotifers, growth of the contaminating protozoan Euplotes sp. was heavily suppressed by Vorticella sp. The stable maintenance of the rotifer culture ecosystem can be achieved by manipulating the types of contaminating protozoan species.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2019

Two euplotid ciliates, Euplotes encysticus Yonezawa, 1985 and E. rariseta Curds et al., 1974, were isolated from a freshwater pond called Mulgol in Dokdo of the East Sea and from Masan Bay/Jeju Island, Korea, respectively. Both species are redescribed based on live observations and protargol impregnation. Cells of Euplotes encysticus are asymmetrically oval, $63-79{\times}41-61{\mu}m$ in vivo and capable of encystment. The cells have 31-36 adoral zone of membranelles(AZM), 9 fronto-ventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 2-3 caudal cirri (CC), 2 marginal cirri (MC), 7 dorsal kineties (DK), and 19-22 dorsal cilia in middle DK. The cells of Euplotes rariseta has a small ovoid form and are $32-44{\times}23-35{\mu}m$ in vivo, 18-22 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 2 CC, 1 MC and 6 DK.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Two marine euplotid ciliates, i.e. Euplotes cristatus Kahl, 1932 and E. minuta Yocom, 1930, were collected from the public waterfront of Incheon on the Yellow Sea and from the Songjeong Beach, Busan, in the Strait of Korea, respectively. These two species were verified as unrecorded species in Korea. These species were described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and silver nitrate impregnation. In addition, the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of the two species were compared with previously known sequences of the Euplotes species. Euplotes cristatus has an elongated oval form, size in vivo of $60-84{\times}38-68\;{\mu}m$, 35-50 adoral zone of membranelles (AZM), 10 frontoventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 4-5 caudal cirri (CC), 8 dorsal kineties (DK), 10-16 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type. Euplotes minuta has a small ovoid form ($44-53{\times}26-35\;{\mu}m$ in vivo), 31-41 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 4 CC, 9 DK, 10-12 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2023

Five ciliate species of Euplotes were isolated from fresh and coastal water during a sampling survey to identify unrecorded ciliates in South Korea. Their morphology was investigated using live observation, protargol and "wet" silver nitrate staining methods. Brief descriptions and microphotographs of each species and a comparison with related species are provided. Euplotes focardii is characterized by an average size of 65×47 ㎛ after protargol impregnation, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-eurystomus type. Euplotes nobilii shows an average size of 34×20 ㎛ after protargol staining, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type. Euplotes octocarinatus, the only freshwater species described in the present study, is characterized by an average size of 66×46 ㎛ after protargol impregnation, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type. Euplotes petzi has an average size of 43×30 ㎛ after protargol staining, a macronucleus hook-shaped and dorsal argyrome pattern in double-patella type. Euplotes raikovi is characterized by an average size of 40×24 ㎛ after protargol staining, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.542-544
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the ciliates Euplotes sp. as a live food for marine fish larvae. The ciliates and the rotifers Brachionus plicatilis, which were cultured with the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the $\omega$-yeast emulsified with cuttle fish liver oil, were supplied to the larvae of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and grouper Epinephelus akaara. Considering the size difference between the ciliates 68 $\cdot$ 7 $\mu$n and the rotifers 160 $\cdot$ 20 $\mu$n, the rotifers and ciliates were supplied to the larvae tank with the density of 2 inds./mL and 20 inds./mL, respectively. The survival rate and growth in length of the flounder larvae fed on rotifer were significantly higher than those on Euplotes sp.. In grouper larvae which have a small mouth diameter, even the survival rate of the larvae fed on the ciliates was better than that on the rotifers, it was very low less than $20\%$. Therefore, Euplotes sp. seem to be incongruent as a live food for marine fish larvae.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2002

섬모충은 윤충류보다 다양한 크기를 가지고 있으며, 얇은 세포벽, 느린 운동성, 빠른 번식률로 새로운 동물성 먹이생물로써 개발가능성을 가지고 있다. 한국 연안 수역인 수영만, 광양만 및 경기만 소래 염전지역에서 식물성 플랑크톤 네트를 이용하여 6종의 섬모충을 채집하였으며, capillary pipette로 분리 $\cdot$배양하였다. 먹이생물로써의 개발가능성을 파악하기 위하여 크기, 운동성, 배양밀도 및 부유능력을 평가하였으며, 채집된 섬모충류 가운데 광양만에서 채집된 Euplotes sp. (K-1)가 가장 적합한 것으로 평가되었다. MErds 기본배지에 glycine, glucose, yeast extract을 각 0.1 g씩 첨가하여 변형한 MErds-2 배지는 기본배지보다도 약 6배의 번식률을 보여, Euplotes sp.를 비롯한 기타 섬모충 배양배지로도 유용하였다. Euplotes sp. (K-1)은 수온 $22.5^{\circ}C$, pH 8,조도 2,000 lux에서 각각 최고의 번식률을 보였으며, 이들 환경조건에 대해 비교적 폭넓은 환경적응력을 나타내었다. 한편, 빵효모 1.0 g/L의 첨가에 의해서도 대량배양이 가능하였다. 본 연구에서의 섬모충은 종보관이 용이하며 폭넓은 환경 적응력과 간단한 방법의 대량배양이 가능하여 초기 동물성 먹이생물로써의 높은 잠재력을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2008

원생동물 섬모충의 한 종인 Euplotes는 해산어 종묘생산시설의 로티퍼 대량배양수조에서 혼재생물로서 매우 자주 관찰된다. 그들은 로티퍼에게 먹이로 첨가되는 농축 상태의 먹이(미세조류)를 중간에서 가로채어 빠른 속도로 증식하면서 로티퍼의 증식을 방해한다. 더불어 이때 형성된 배양수조내의 세균상은 로티퍼의 전멸을 초래하기도 한다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.227-235
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• 2003

2002년 제주도의 한 웅덩이에서 채집된 섬모충류를 실험실에서 분리, 배양한 결과 하모류의 이끼토양자라하모충(Euplotes muscorum Dragesco, 1970)으로 동정되었으며 한국에서 처음으로 보고되어 재기재한다. 기재는 생체 표본 관찰, protargol impregnation 그리고 형태통계에 기초하여 기술하였다. 이 종의 형태적 특징은 몸길이 63-78${\mu}m$, 폭 40-52${\mu}m$, 9개의 전방복극모, 5개의 후방극모, 4개의 미극모, 한 개의 대핵과 소핵, 몸길이의 약 2/3을 덮고 있는 막판구대는 32-35개의 구부막판으로 이루어졌고, 8개의 등쪽섬모열, 중앙의 등쪽섬모열의 섬모는 20-24개, 등쪽섬모배열은 complex type 등의 특징들을 가진다. 이 종은 이끼자라하모충(E. muscicola Kahl,1932)과 매우 비슷하지만 이끼토양자라하모충은 8개의 등쪽섬모열, complex type의 등쪽섬모배열을 가지는데 반해 이끼자라하모충는 9개의 등쪽섬모열, multiple type의 등쪽섬모배열을 가지는 형태적 특징을 각각 나타낸다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2007

Two euplotid ciliates collected from the estuarine littorals in Korea were identified as Euplotes vannus ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1786) and E. parawoodruffi Song and Bradbury, 1997. These species are reported taxonomically for the first time from Korea. These two species are redescribed with illustrations, photos and biometry based on live and silver impregnated specimens. Diagnostics of each species are as follows. E. vannus: size in vivo $94-111{\times}55-75{\mu}m$ (average $103{\times}60{\mu}m)$, adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) 70% of cell length with 57-74 adoral membranelles (AM) and terminating close to hook-shape, macronucleus (Ma) C-shaped with twisted foot-like, 10 frontoventral (FVC), 5 transverse (TC), 4-7 (average 5) caudal cirri (CC), 9-10 dorsal kineties (DK), mid dorsal kinety with 15-22 cilia; silver-line system single vannus type. E. parawoodruffi: size in vivo $125-163{\times}72-100{\mu}m$, (average $141{\times}87{\mu}m$), dorsally strongly arched, body shaped reserved triangular. AZM 67-83% of cell length with 60-85 AMs, 9 FVC, 5 TC, 4 CC, 9 DK; mid-dorsal kinety with 20-30 cilia, double-eurystomus type, T-shaped Ma with equal sized right and left arms or right arm shortened slightly.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

Two ciliates of suborder Euplotina collected from the two habitats (estuarine littoral and sewage treatment plant) in Ulsan, Korea were Euplotes charon ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1773) and Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965. These two species are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living and silver impregnated specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows. E. charon: size in vivo about $90-130\times65-80{\mu}m$, adoral zone of membranelles over 79.5% of cell length with 54-80 adoral membranelles; right margin of the peristome shaped sinusoidal form and passed through adoral zone of membranelles; buccal cavity wide anteriorly; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 4 caudal cirri, 12 dorsal kineties, mid-dorsal kinety with 21 -25 dorsal bristles; silver-line system double-eurystomus type. D. oligothrix: size in vivo about $80-90\times30-70{\mu}m$; body shape ovoid with prominent right concave posterio-lateral end, two irregular elongated macronuclei with one micronucleus, respectively; 7 fronto-ventral, 5 transverse, 2 left marginal and 2 caudal cirri, 4 dorsal kineties with prominent bristles about $9-14{\mu}m$ long in vivo.