• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-213
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• 2012

Members of the ciliate group of protozoans are often observed in mass cultures of rotifers. In particular, Euplotes and Vorticella are common contaminating species. In this study, I examined the effect of the ciliates Euplotes sp. and Vorticella sp. on the growth of the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis by conducting inter-specific and tripartite-specific mixed-culture experiments. The growth of rotifers was suppressed in co-existence with Euplotes sp. compared with monocultures of rotifers. However, Vorticella sp. promoted rotifer growth. Moreover, Vorticella sp. improved the growth of rotifers suppressed by Euplotes sp. contaminants. In 5-L semi-mass cultures of rotifers, growth of the contaminating protozoan Euplotes sp. was heavily suppressed by Vorticella sp. The stable maintenance of the rotifer culture ecosystem can be achieved by manipulating the types of contaminating protozoan species.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.128-135
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• 2019

Two euplotid ciliates, Euplotes encysticus Yonezawa, 1985 and E. rariseta Curds et al., 1974, were isolated from a freshwater pond called Mulgol in Dokdo of the East Sea and from Masan Bay/Jeju Island, Korea, respectively. Both species are redescribed based on live observations and protargol impregnation. Cells of Euplotes encysticus are asymmetrically oval, $63-79{\times}41-61{\mu}m$ in vivo and capable of encystment. The cells have 31-36 adoral zone of membranelles(AZM), 9 fronto-ventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 2-3 caudal cirri (CC), 2 marginal cirri (MC), 7 dorsal kineties (DK), and 19-22 dorsal cilia in middle DK. The cells of Euplotes rariseta has a small ovoid form and are $32-44{\times}23-35{\mu}m$ in vivo, 18-22 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 2 CC, 1 MC and 6 DK.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Two marine euplotid ciliates, i.e. Euplotes cristatus Kahl, 1932 and E. minuta Yocom, 1930, were collected from the public waterfront of Incheon on the Yellow Sea and from the Songjeong Beach, Busan, in the Strait of Korea, respectively. These two species were verified as unrecorded species in Korea. These species were described based on live observation, protargol impregnation, and silver nitrate impregnation. In addition, the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences of the two species were compared with previously known sequences of the Euplotes species. Euplotes cristatus has an elongated oval form, size in vivo of $60-84{\times}38-68\;{\mu}m$, 35-50 adoral zone of membranelles (AZM), 10 frontoventral cirri (FVC), 5 transverse cirri (TC), 4-5 caudal cirri (CC), 8 dorsal kineties (DK), 10-16 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type. Euplotes minuta has a small ovoid form ($44-53{\times}26-35\;{\mu}m$ in vivo), 31-41 AZM, 10 FVC, 5 TC, 4 CC, 9 DK, 10-12 dorsal cilia of middle DK, and silverline system of single-vannus type.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2023

Five ciliate species of Euplotes were isolated from fresh and coastal water during a sampling survey to identify unrecorded ciliates in South Korea. Their morphology was investigated using live observation, protargol and "wet" silver nitrate staining methods. Brief descriptions and microphotographs of each species and a comparison with related species are provided. Euplotes focardii is characterized by an average size of 65×47 ㎛ after protargol impregnation, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-eurystomus type. Euplotes nobilii shows an average size of 34×20 ㎛ after protargol staining, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type. Euplotes octocarinatus, the only freshwater species described in the present study, is characterized by an average size of 66×46 ㎛ after protargol impregnation, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type. Euplotes petzi has an average size of 43×30 ㎛ after protargol staining, a macronucleus hook-shaped and dorsal argyrome pattern in double-patella type. Euplotes raikovi is characterized by an average size of 40×24 ㎛ after protargol staining, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges and dorsal argyrome pattern of double-patella type.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.542-544
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the ciliates Euplotes sp. as a live food for marine fish larvae. The ciliates and the rotifers Brachionus plicatilis, which were cultured with the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the $\omega$-yeast emulsified with cuttle fish liver oil, were supplied to the larvae of flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and grouper Epinephelus akaara. Considering the size difference between the ciliates 68 $\cdot$ 7 $\mu$n and the rotifers 160 $\cdot$ 20 $\mu$n, the rotifers and ciliates were supplied to the larvae tank with the density of 2 inds./mL and 20 inds./mL, respectively. The survival rate and growth in length of the flounder larvae fed on rotifer were significantly higher than those on Euplotes sp.. In grouper larvae which have a small mouth diameter, even the survival rate of the larvae fed on the ciliates was better than that on the rotifers, it was very low less than $20\%$. Therefore, Euplotes sp. seem to be incongruent as a live food for marine fish larvae.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2002

Ciliates have the possibility of a new live food in marine finfish culture because of their wide range of body size, thin tell wall, show motility, and fast reproduction rate. In this research, six species of ciliates were isolated from south coast and salt pond in Korea. The fitness of these species as a live food was evaluated in terms of size, motility, suspensibility and cell density. As the result, Euplotes sp. (K-1) was found suitable to be a new live food which might substitute rotifers, Brachionus plintilis and B. rotundiformis in fish larvae culture. The modified $F{\emptyset}yn's$ Erdschreiberd media, MErds-2 with the addition of glycine, glucose and yeast extract increased six times higher growth rate of Euplotes sp. (K-1) than the basic F$\emptyset$yn's Erdschreiberd media. The optimum water temperature, pH and light intensity for this ciliates were $22.5^{\circ}C$, 8 and 2,000 lux, respectively, and its culture environmental range was relatively wide, On the other hand, this ciliate fed baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cererisiae grew up to 1,240 inds./mL with the inocula of 100 inds./mL within 7 days. The results of the study showed that Euplotes sp. (K-1) has a potential to be utilized as a new live food in fish larvae culture.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2008

Common co-existing organism Euplotes (Ciliate, Protozoa) well often observed in the rotifer mass culture tank of marine fish larval rearing stations. Ciliate protozoa (Euplotes) competed to condensed food (micoralgae, Nannochloropsis oculata) with rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis). As results, rotifer density was rapidly decrease, and what is more, the rotifer was wiped out by dominant bacteria species at that time.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2003

The euplotid hypotrich collected from a puddle, Jeju-do in 2002 and cultured in the laboratory was identified as Euplotes muscorum Dragesco, 1970. The species is reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living specimens, protargol impregnation and biometrical analysis. This species is characterized by following diagnosis: 63-78 ${\mu}m$ in length, 40-52 ${\mu}m$ in width in vivo, 9 frontoventral cirri, 5 transverse cirri,4 caudal cirri, 1 micro- and macronucleus, adoral zone of membranelles with 32-36 adoral membranelles covering approximately 2/3 of body length, 8 dorsal kineties, mid-dorsal kinety with 20-24 cilia 3nd dargyrome complex type. This species with 9 frontoventral cirrotype is very similar to E. muscicola Kahl, 1932. The differences between these two species are: E. muscorum has 8 dorsal kineties and complex dargyrome type, while E. muscicola 9 dorsal kineties and multiple dargyrome type.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2007

Two euplotid ciliates collected from the estuarine littorals in Korea were identified as Euplotes vannus ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1786) and E. parawoodruffi Song and Bradbury, 1997. These species are reported taxonomically for the first time from Korea. These two species are redescribed with illustrations, photos and biometry based on live and silver impregnated specimens. Diagnostics of each species are as follows. E. vannus: size in vivo $94-111{\times}55-75{\mu}m$ (average $103{\times}60{\mu}m)$, adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) 70% of cell length with 57-74 adoral membranelles (AM) and terminating close to hook-shape, macronucleus (Ma) C-shaped with twisted foot-like, 10 frontoventral (FVC), 5 transverse (TC), 4-7 (average 5) caudal cirri (CC), 9-10 dorsal kineties (DK), mid dorsal kinety with 15-22 cilia; silver-line system single vannus type. E. parawoodruffi: size in vivo $125-163{\times}72-100{\mu}m$, (average $141{\times}87{\mu}m$), dorsally strongly arched, body shaped reserved triangular. AZM 67-83% of cell length with 60-85 AMs, 9 FVC, 5 TC, 4 CC, 9 DK; mid-dorsal kinety with 20-30 cilia, double-eurystomus type, T-shaped Ma with equal sized right and left arms or right arm shortened slightly.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2006

Two ciliates of suborder Euplotina collected from the two habitats (estuarine littoral and sewage treatment plant) in Ulsan, Korea were Euplotes charon ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1773) and Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965. These two species are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living and silver impregnated specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows. E. charon: size in vivo about $90-130\times65-80{\mu}m$, adoral zone of membranelles over 79.5% of cell length with 54-80 adoral membranelles; right margin of the peristome shaped sinusoidal form and passed through adoral zone of membranelles; buccal cavity wide anteriorly; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 4 caudal cirri, 12 dorsal kineties, mid-dorsal kinety with 21 -25 dorsal bristles; silver-line system double-eurystomus type. D. oligothrix: size in vivo about $80-90\times30-70{\mu}m$; body shape ovoid with prominent right concave posterio-lateral end, two irregular elongated macronuclei with one micronucleus, respectively; 7 fronto-ventral, 5 transverse, 2 left marginal and 2 caudal cirri, 4 dorsal kineties with prominent bristles about $9-14{\mu}m$ long in vivo.