• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.568-579
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the hospital workers' experience related to the hospital evaluation program implemented in Korea between 2004 and 2009. Methods: During 2010, data were collected using focus group interviews. Four focus group interviews were held with a total of 28 hospital workers participating. All interviews were recorded and transcribed as they were spoken, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Nine themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Positive change in the necessity of the evaluation; 2) Improvement in the hospital system, facilities, and human resources; 3) Unity through cooperation among departments; 4) Nursing work overload; 5) Lack of physicians' awareness and responsibilities; 6) Unfair and unrealistic evaluation items; 7) Lack of credibility of the outcome; 8) Shifting responsibility for negative outcomes to the workers; 9) Lack of pragmatic utility. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that the hospital evaluation program played a key role in improving some work environments and communication among departments. At the same time, they show various negative themes resulting from the context of very authoritarian hospital systems and a connection-oriented society in Korea.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To explore premature infants' pain response to routine procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 56 preterm infants who showed 149 pain responses to 8 high frequency routine procedures which were evaluated using the Premature Infant Pain Scale (PIPS). Videotaped recording was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: PIPS scores for each procedure were as follows; for removal of central catheter dressing, 6.17 (2.04), venous sampling, 6.12 (2.87), intramuscular injection, 6.05 (2.38), insertion of a peripheral line, 5.38 (2.16), insertion of feeding tube, 4.40 (1.34), heel stick, 4.33 (1.23), insertion of central line, 4.00 (2.12), and endotracheal suctioning, 2.90 (1.25). PIPS score was negatively correlated with gestational age (r=-.218, p=.007) and birth weight (r=-.249, p=.002) among general characteristics of the infants. Conclusion: The majority of 8 routine procedures were found to be painful for premature infants in the NICU. Therefore, adequate pain management related to procedures should be provided to premature infant in the NICU.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2012

Intestinal giant-cystic disease (IGCD) of the Israel carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been recognized as one of the most serious diseases afflicting inland farmed fish in the Republic of Korea, and Thelohanellus kitauei has been identified as the causative agent of the disease. Until now, studies concerning IGCD caused by T. kitauei in the Israel carp have been limited to morphological and histopathological examinations. However, these types of diagnostic examinations are relatively time-consuming, and the infection frequently cannot be detected in its early stages. In this study, we cloned the full-length 18S rRNA gene of T. kitauei isolated from diseased Israel carps, and carried out molecular identification by comparing the sequence with those of other myxosporeans. Moreover, conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using oligonucleotide primers for the amplification of 18S rRNA gene fragment were established for further use as methods for rapid diagnosis of IGCD. Our results demonstrated that both the conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR systems applied herein are effective for rapid detection of T. kitauei spores in fish tissues and environmental water.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
• /
• pp.65-67
• /
• 2002

A PC based software, the RTP Research Tool Box (RTB), was developed for IMRT optimization research. The software was consisted of an image module, a beam registration module, a dose calculation module, a dose optimization module and a dose display module. The modules and the Graphical User Interface (GUI) were designed to easily amendable by negotiating the speed of performing tasks. Each module can be easily replaced to new functions for research purpose. IDL 5.5 (RSI, USA) language was used for this software. Five major modules enable one to perform the research on the dose calculation, on the dose optimization and on the objective function. The comparison of three cost functions, such as the uncomplicated tumor control probability (UTCP), the physical objective function and the pseudo-biological objective function, which was designed in this study, were performed with the RTB. The optimizations were compared to the simulated annealing and the gradient search optimization technique for all of the optimization objective functions. No significant differences were found among the objective functions with the dose gradient search technique. But the DVH analysis showed that the pseudo-biological objective function is superior to the physical objective function when with the simulated annealing for the optimization.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe psychosocial difficulties experienced by cancer patients. Methods: Three focus group interviews were conducted to collect the data from 19 outpatients with cancer undergoing treatments during 2009. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis of grounded theory. Results: As a result of constant comparative analysis, 'psychosocial distress' was identified as a core category, and seven subcategories were identified. 'Plunged into negative emotions' and 'damaged self-identity' were identified as major categories in the individual dimension. 'Difficulty in dealing with diagnosis' and 'hasty expectations and concerns' were identified in the dimension of family. 'Inefficient communication' and 'lack of necessary information' were identified in the dimension of health care setting. 'Lonely journey into a strange territory' was identified in the dimension of society. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that cancer patients experience a wide range of psychosocial problems. Thus, in assessing and relieving psychosocial distress of cancer patients, it is necessary to focus not only on the level of the individual but also on the levels of family, health care setting, and society in general is necessary.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.508-516
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand and explain the essences and structures of the experience of Korean women who have had a spinal cord injury. Methods: The data were collected in 2010 through individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions. A total of 9 women with spinal cord injuries participated in the study. Each interview lasted about 2 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. Results: Five theme clusters emerged from the analysis using Colaizzi's method: frozen mind with rigid body; shame due to restrictions of physical function and dependency; struggle to go back to the previous normal body; disabilities that are noticeable in everyday family life; rebirth by discarding the obsessions of the past. These theme clusters illustrate that although most participants faced very strange and unbearable situations in most aspects of life after the injury, they were empowered finally by finding their hope and by giving new meanings to the current existence. Conclusion: This study provides deep understanding of women with spinal cord injuries who are relatively alienated from society. Based on the results of the study, health professionals could develop effective nursing interventions to improve quality of life of these women.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2007

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignancy and is a major cause of worldwide cancer mortality. The proto-oncogene c-myb plays an important role in regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and it is expressed at high levels in hematopoietic cells and many other types of cancers. However, the function of c-myb is not well known in OSCC. The present study aimed to reveal the function of c-myb and to test the alternation of cell growth and signaling by c-myb in OSCC. In this study, c-myb and dominant-negatibe myb(DNmyb) were expressed in an adenovirus-mediated gene delivery system to KB cells. The over-expressed c-myb brought increased cellular proliferation compared with control cells. However, DN-myb infected KB cells showed significant reduction of cell growth and enhanced induction of apoptosis to activate PARP and caspase 9. c-myb induced increase of IGF-I, -II and IGF-IR expressions while DN-myb down-regulated these expression. Activation of ERK and Akt/PKB pathway was shown only in c-myb transduced cells. These findings suggest that the role of c-myb in cell growth of oral cancer cells is partially mediated through the modulation of IGFs, ERK and Akt/PKB. From this results, DN-myb is strongly recommended as a curable gene for the treatment of c-myb dependent malignancies such as OSCC.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze effects of cardiovascular disease prevention in small scale enterprise using community-based approach. Method: The target work site included 4,050 small scale enterprises which were under 50 in non-manufacturing workplace and total 20,986 employees were enrolled. Data collection was conducted from March to December, 2008 by 46 occupational health nurses who were registered in Korean Association of Occupational Health Nurses. Results: The rate of smoking was decreased from 39.9% to 34.6%, and normal BMI group was increased from 61.6% to 64.0%. Evaluation of post-intervention blood pressure(BP) outcomes revealed that significant reductions in systolic BP and diastolic BP(3.25mmHg and 1.89mmHg, respectively) were achieved. In addition, the amount of reduction in total cholesterol level was $180.89{\pm}28.22mg/dL$ at pre-ntervention and $177.71{\pm}24.73mg/dL$ at post-intervention. Conclusion: Cardiovascular prevention program by community-based approach was an effective strategy for quitting smoking and improving BMI, BP, and cholesterol control.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2010

Objective: This study aimed to develop information materials on vaccine's safety and adverse events which can be utilized by healthcare professionals when prescribing, dispensing and administering vaccines and also by non-healthcare professionals such as pharmaceutical distributors of vaccine. Methods: Information materials regarding vaccines from domestic and foreign governmental organizations, academies, medical organizations and pharmaceutical companies were reviewed. Advisory Committee which consisted of experts in the areas of the vaccine's safety verified the contents and the final information material. Results: Based on the collected data, we developed general guidelines including vaccine constituents, safety information and adverse events of each vaccines, storage and handling, and labeling information. The information materials were developed for both healthcare professionals and non-healthcare professionals such as vaccine distributors. Conclusion: Information materials on vaccine's safety and adverse events developed from this study could be utilized to provide useful information on the vaccine to the medical institutions and distributors.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2018

Statins mediate vascular protection and reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Recent work indicates that statins have anticonvulsive effects in the brain; however, little is known about the precise mechanism for its protective effect in kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Here, we investigated the protective effects of atorvastatin pretreatment on KA-induced neuroinflammation and hippocampal cell death. Mice were treated via intragastric administration of atorvastatin for 7 days, injected with KA, and then sacrificed after 24 h. We observed that atorvastatin pretreatment reduced KA-induced seizure activity, hippocampal cell death, and neuroinflammation. Atorvastatin pretreatment also inhibited KA-induced lipocalin-2 expression in the hippocampus and attenuated KA-induced hippocampal cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial activation. Moreover, AKT phosphorylation in KA-treated hippocampus was inhibited by atorvastatin pretreatment. These findings suggest that atorvastatin pretreatment may protect hippocampal neurons during seizures by controlling lipocalin-2-associated neuroinflammation.