• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.12-24
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• 2011

Objectives: This study analyzed literature published in Korea using Tae-eumin prescriptions and herbs for obesity for future research. Methods: We conducted a computerized search at journal web sites and manual searches. A total of 25 sites were included. Obesity, obese, over weight, herb, herbal, taeum, taeyuem, and taeeum were selected keywords and they were combined properly. Results:A total of 28 studies were analyzed. The percentage of clinical and case report studies was 35.7% and experimental studies 64.3%. The most frequently used prescription was Taeeumjowui-tang (太陰調胃湯) and herbs were Raphani semen(蘿葍子) and Platycodon grandiflorum(桔梗). Weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) and side effects and symptoms were used as indices in clinical and case report studies. Weight, weight gain percentage and blood serum lipid profiles were frequently used as indices in experimental studies. Conclusion: Further well-designed randomized controlled studies and clinical reports of side effects and symptoms are needed for development of obesity studies for Tae-eumin prescriptions.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

1. Objectives Our goal is to observe the feasibility of constitution discrimination from computing quantitative roughness index from dynamic friction coefficients and their gradients with the measurement device of skin friction with 3-Axis load cell sensor. 2. Methods In the traditional Korean medicine, skin diagnosis is one of the examination methods to discriminate Sasang constitution since it was known that Tae-eumin has rough skin, and Soyangin has smooth one. It is based on the skin roughness on the back of one's hand for the discrimination. The measurement device of skin friction with 3-axis load cell sensor has been developed in order to provide quantitative skin roughness through dynamic friction coefficients. The effective interval of the coefficients is obtained from the automatic sampling algorithm to use their curvature and slope. Then, Fisher's discriminant function of them makes the discrimination. 3. Results The success rate of extracting the effective interval was about 90% and the discriminant accuracy between Tae-eumin and Soyangin was 70% and 68% for men and women, respectively. The entire methods showed the possibility to distinguish between Tae-eumin and Soyangin by using stochastic properties of roughness index, which can make the entire system to include the measurement, the computation of the roughness index and the discrimination of constitution automatical. 4. Conclusions The measurement device, the automatic sampling algorithm of dynamic friction coefficients and the constitution discrimination algorithm were developed, respectively, and their combination can become the serial and automatic procedure for quantitative and objective skin diagnosis, which mimics the movement of the Oriental medical doctors' skin diagnosis. It can be applied to healthcare as well as the diagnosis of constitution in a u-Health system soon.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.52-61
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• 2010

The use of the friction coefficient is known to provide good discrimination ability in the classification of human constitutions, which are used in alternative medicine. In this study, a system that uses a multi-axis load cell and a hemi-circular probe is designed. The equipment consists of a sensor (load cell type, manufactured by the authors), an x-axis linear-bush guide motorized mobile stage that supports the hand being analyzed, and a signal conditioner. Using the proposed system, the friction coefficients from different constitutions were compared, and the relative repeatability error for the friction coefficient measurement was determined to be less than 2 %. The direction along the ring finger line was determined to be the optimum measurement region for a constitutional diagnosis between Tae-eumin and Soyangin types using the proposed system. There were some differences in the friction coefficient between the two constitutions, as reported in ancient literature. The proposed system is applicable to a quantitative constitutional diagnosis between Tae-eumin and Soyangin types within an acceptable level of uncertainty.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2012

Researches of Sasang Consitutional Medicine(SCM) have been conducted in many ways, especially for objective diagnosis methods of SCM. Despite of these efforts, relationship between SCM and abdominal examination is rarely known. Therefore 7 books related to abdominal examination and arranged specific abdominal examination descriptions in each books based on Experienced prescriptions(經驗方) of Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元) or Longevity and Life Preservation in Eastern Medicine were collected. In result, So-eumin and So-yangin show opposite descriptions to each others in abdominal examination. So-eumin has stuffiness and rigidity below heart, lower abdominal fullness and cramp. In contrast, So-yangin has fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, chest bind, lower abdominal numbness and lower tension. Strong abdominal surface tension could be palpated in Taeum-in's abdominal examination. Advantages of Abdominal Examination are notified recently, thanks to easiness of performing, objectiveness and well-adaptation to Theory of Traditional Eastern Medicine. These advantages could contribute to researching diagnosis of SCM with theory consensus of SCM specialists and practical trials.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1521-1528
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• 2009

This study aimed to know the association between health practices(Alameda 7) and health state according to Sasang Constitution. We recruited 204 subjects whose age were between 10 and 80, excluding individuals who have physically or psychologically serious diseases, and women in pregnancy among Korean population in Traditional Korea Clinics. They were diagnosed by Sasang constitution specialists and confirmed clinically with Sasang constitution drug response with past medical records. We used the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36) to estimate health state related with quality of life. We statistically analyzed association using SPSS 17.0K for window. According to Sasang Constitution, smoking and exercising were associated with health degree in Tae-eumin, smoking, drinking, diet and snacking in So-eumin, and past smoking, drinking, sleeping and exercising in So-yangin. These results suggest that there are different health practices for health promotion according to Sasang constitution. Therefore we have to consider the differences of Sasang constitution in health care plan.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-126
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• 2009

1. Objective TS-QSCD (The Two-Step Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) is one of the self-reporting Sasang-Constitutional diagnosis questionnaires and one constituted by a two-step discriminant function. The process of TS-QSCD is as follows. During the first step, the testers are classified into two groups: the Yangin(陽人) group and Eumin(陰人) group. Following this, the Yangin group is divided into the Soyangin group and Taeyangin group likewise the Eumin group is divided into the Taeumin group and Soeumin group. This questionnaire has the merits of an ordinary questionnaire with four discriminant functions and a decision tree method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and standardize TS-QSCD 2. Materials and Methods TS-QSCD was administered to 352 random informants who were examined by professionals. Reliability was tested by inter-item consistency using cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and validity was tested by a two step discriminant function. Cross tabulation Analysis was also used to look into the distribution of responses among the groups. 3. Result 1) The reliability of TS-QSCD was relatively valid. The internal consistency of TS-QSCD (AB) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.815, and TS-QSCD (AC) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.832. 2) There was a significant difference in points between Eumin group teens and other age groups, between those of Soeumin teens and other age groups. 3) TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 65.0%. When using 61 questions and four discriminant function as with ordinary methods, TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 74.9%. 4. Conclusion 1) TS-QSCD that complements the merits of existing questionnaires is effective in diagnosing Sasang constitutions. 2) Deleting duplicate questions is thought to be one of the reasons for the decreased validity rate. 3) The lower the validity of the first step, the more we should build up at each second steps a way to rescue the groups which were assigned wrongly during the first steps. 4) This standardization of TS-QSCD would be helpful in making a program for diagnosing the Sasang Constitution

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.118-129
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• 2006

Objectives : A human being is classified into 4 constitutions(Taeyangin, Soyangin, Taeumin, and Souemin) and each constitution has the different incidence, treatment and prevention of disease in Sasang Constutional Medicine[SCM], The purpose of this study is to find relative risk(RR)s of each risk factors including Sasang Constitution[SC] for incidence of ischemic stroke. Methods : In 344-case patients with ischemic stroke and 1446 healthy control subjects without ischemic stroke, we evaluated sex, age. height, weight, BMI, ECG abnormality, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, blood lipid level and SC. These data were statistically analysed to investigate the relations between risk factors and the incidence of ischemic stroke by chi-square test. And then significant factors were analysed to get each adjusted odds ratio[OR] by binary logistic regression analysis. Results : ECG abnormality, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HDL(high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and SC were significantly related to the incidence of ischemic stroke, while age, sex and BMI were adjusted in a binary logistic regression analysis. Especially in SC, the incidence of ischemic stoke in Tae-eumin and Soyangin were higher than that in Soeumin (Tae-eumin OR=11.68[95% CI: 6.26-21.80], Soyangin OR=4.64[95% CI: 2.66-8.10]). Conclusions : These results suggested that SC may be one of important risk factors for ischemic stroke and it should be a useful data for prediction of incidence of ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.824-832
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• 2000

In Sasang constitutional medicine, a part of oriental medicine, there are beneficial foods of harmful foods according to the each constitutions. Until now, most of the studies have investigated the classification of foods according to the each constitutions, The clinical usage of the constitutional diets in now in the beginning. The purpose of this study is to investigate the therapeutic effects of the constitutional diets in comparison with general therapeutic diets in the patients with hyperlipidemia. From January to August, 1999, the 65 hyperlipidemic patients admitted to Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Center were studied. Therapeutic diet for hyperlipidemic patients or each constitutional diets were given to the subjects 3 meals a day for 6 weeks. The Sasang constitutional classification, food habits were assessed. The anthropometric assessment and blood analysis were carried out before and after taking each experimental diets. The results are as folow ; 1) The mean age of the objects was 62.4${\pm}$6.5 years, the distribution of their constitution were Tae-eumin :63.0%, So-yangin :26.2% So-eumin: 10.8%. 2) The mean body weight and BMI of Tae-eum were significantly higher than those of So-eum and So-yang. 3) Food habits of each constitutional groups were very similar to those described by sasang medicine. 4) The therapeutic and constitutional diets lowered the serum levels of total lipid(from 756.4mg/dl to 692.3mg/dl) triglyceride(from 244.4mg/dl to 212.mg/dl) and VLDL-cholesterol(from 48.9mg/dl to 42.5mg/dl). The therapeutic diet decreased the HDL-cholesterol level(from 49.0mg/dl to 41.7mg/dl) but the constitutional diet did not. 5) The effects of the therapeutic and constitutional diets were the highest in Tae-eum group. In the So-yang group, the constitutional diet lowered the levels of total lipid and LDL-cholesterol but the therapeutic diet did not. But the therapeutic and constitutional diets did not change the blood lipid levels significantly in the So-eum group.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 824-832, 2000)

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.96-106
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• 2009

1. Objectives : The aim of this study was to survey the ordinary symptoms of TE type(Tae-eumin) and to compare the tendency of their symptoms according to the Exterior- or Interior- disease. 2. Methods : We recruited 659 TE type(Tae-eumin)-subjects in multi-oriental hospitals and researched their ordinary symptoms. Subjects were diagnosed by the Sasang Constitutional specialists in oriental hospitals, and had remarkable improvement in the chief complains after Sasang Constitutional Medication. Subjects were divided two groups. One group had the Exterior-cold disease and they took the prescription for the Exerior-cold disease(such as Taeumjowi-tang, Jowiseungcheong-tang, Nocyongdaebo-tang etc.). The other group had the Interior-febrile disease and they took the prescription for the Interior-febrile disease(such as Galgunhaegui-tang, Yeoldahanso-tang, Cheongsimyeonja-tang, Gongjinhugwon-dan etc.). All subjects answered the questionnaire about their symptoms. We found the differences of answers using the Chi-square test between-group comparisons. We analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Korean. 3. Results and Conclusions : In symptoms, Quantity of meal(p=.009), Perspiration of head and face(p=.001), Aspect of Excrement(p=.027), Presence of pain after excrement(p=.001), Frequency of urination at night(p=.003), Clarity of urine(p=.041), Sleep during the day(p=.049), Warm or cold feeling on abdomen(p=.007), etc. are different according to the Exterior- or Interior- disease. We found the differences of symptoms between not only the constitutional types but also the types of disease.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-221
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study is to develop a Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) with practicality and validity. Methods The data of body shape, temperament and symptoms were collected from 11 nationwide multi-centers in Korean Medical Clinics between Nov. 2009 to Aug. 2012. KS-15 algorithm was developed through Multinomial Logistic Regression and was applied for test group to verify it's classificatory function. Results The weight value of variables of KS-15 were different between male and female. The concordance of KS-15 with the expert in training group was 58.34% (72.8% in Tae-eumin, 54.8% in Soeumin, and 44.1% in Soyangin). The concordance of KS-15 with the expert in test group was 63.1% (63% in Tae-eumin, 83.3% in Soeumin, and 51.9% in Soyangin). Conclusions KS-15 seems to have suitable implement with practicality and validity. Further study is necessary to verify it accuracy and cut-off.