• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2018

Interferon-tau (IFNT) is known as a major conceptus protein that signals the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. Also, multiple interferon genes exist in cattle, However, molecular mechanisms of these bovine IFNT (bIFNT) genes whose expressions are limited have not been characterized. We and others have observed that expression levels of bovine subtype IFNT genes in the tissues of ruminants; thus, bIFNT1 and other new type I (bIFNTc1/c2/c3) gene co-exist during the early stages of conceptus development and non-trophoblast cells. Its genes transcription could be regulated through CDX2 and ETS2 and JUN and/or cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CREBBP) expression, a transcription factor implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. Bovine ear-derived fibroblast cells, were co-transfected with luciferase reporter constructs carrying upstream (positions -1000 to +51) regions of bIFNT1 and other new type I gene and various transcription factor expression plasmids. Compared to each - 1kb-bIFNT1/c1/c2/c3-Luc increased when this constructs were co-transfected with CDX2, ETS2, JUN and/or CREBBP. Also, Its genes was had very effect on activity by CDX2, either alone or with the other transcription factors, markedly increased luciferase activity. However, the degree of transcriptional activation of the bIFNTc1 gene was not similar to that bIFNT1/c2/c3 gene by expression plasmid. Furthermore, Sequence analyses also revealed that the expression levels of bIFNT1/c2/c3 gene mRNAs expression were highest on day 17, 20 and 22 trophoblast and, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), Bovine ear-derived fibroblast (EF), and endometrium (Endo) non-trophoblast cells. But, bIFNTc1 mRNA had not same expression level, bIFNTc1 lowest levels than those of IFNT1/c2/c3 gene in both trophoblast and non-trophoblast cells. These results demonstrate that bovine subtype bIFNT genes display differential, in the trophoblast and non-trophoblast cells.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2003

Genomic epidemiology is defined as 'an evoking field of inquiring that uses the systematic application of epidemiologic methods are approaches in population-based studies of the impact of human genetic variation on health and disease (Khoury, 1998)'. Most human diseases are caused by the intricate interaction among environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility factors. Susceptibility genes involved in disease pathogenesis are categorized into two groups: high penetrance genes (i.e., BRAC1, RB, etc.) and lour penetranoe genes (i.e., GSTs, Cyps, XRCC1, ets.), and low penetrance susceptibility genes has the higher priority for epidemiological research due to high population attributable risk. In this paper, the summarized results of the association study between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer in Korea were introduced and the international trends of genomic epidemiology research were reviewed with an emphasis on internee-based case-control and cohort consortium.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate monthly evapotranspiration (ET) using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained from NOAA-AVHRR data sets. Actual evapotranspiration was evaluated by the complementary relationship, and monthly NDVI was obtained by maximum value composite method from daily NDVI images in the Korean peninsula for the year 2001 The monthly actual ETs for each land cover were compared with the monthly NDVIs to determine relationships between actual ET and NDVI for each land cover category, There was a high correlation between monthly NDVI and monthly mean actual ET. This study presents an alternative approach for land surface evapotranspiration based on remote sensing techniques.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to estimate monthly Morton evapotranspiration (ET) using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from MODIS satellite images. Morton ET for land surface conditions was evaluated by using daily meteorological data, and the monthly averaged Morton ETs for each land cover were compared with the monthly NDVIs of three years (2000-2002) at Chungjudam Watershed. There was a high correlation between monthly NDVI and Morton ET for the watershed with average coefficient of determination, 0.80. By comparing the MODIS NDVI ET with SLURP Morton ET, the SLURP ET was smaller than the MODIS NDVI ET. This was estimated from the consideration of soil moisture condition for the ET occurrence in the SLURP model, the limited information from the monthly NDVI values, and the errors from the derived regression equations.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether joint effects between family allergy history and environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) by parents were associated with pediatric asthma and wheezing. Methods: The study objects of this study were 2301 element school students and their parents in an urban-rural areas of Gyeonggi-do. Pediatric asthma and wheezing were identified by measures of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires. We investigated history of parental allergy, ETS, and other socioeconomic status of both parent. Data were analyzed using logistic regression methods. Results: After adjusting other variables, children with maternal asthma history were more likely to be reported life time wheezing (OR: 3.79 95%CI:2.43-5.90), recent wheezing (OR:4.09 95%CI:2.28-7.38), and diagnostic asthma (OR:2.61 95%CI: 1.44-4.75). Paternal asthma history increasing risk of life time wheezing (OR 2.01 95%CI:1.19-3.38) and recent wheezing (OR:2.38 95%CI:1.24-4.56). Joint effect between parental allergy history and ETS significantly effected on child's life time wheezing and recent wheezing. The risks of life time wheezing (OR:2.47 95%CI:1.64-3.717) and recent wheezing (OR: 2.51 95%CI:1.34-4.69) were significantly higher than others without both factors. The risk of recent wheezing of children with maternal recent smoking and parental allergy history (OR:4.83 95%CI:1.89-12.33) was higher than their counterpart. Conclusions: The result of this study implies that children with family allergy history and passive smoking are more likely to be get asthma and wheezing than children with family allergy history and non-passive smoking. This study provide the object information to increase the efficiency of non-smoking campaign and education for decreasing pediatric asthma risk.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.303-310
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• 1992

Studies on the distribution of nitrogenous compounds, and respiratory oxygen consumption rate were carried out in Masan Bay, Korea where large amount of industrial and domestic wastewaters are discharged. In August 1986 the surface layer was significantly influenced by freshwater input. Below the seasonal pycnocline, an oxygen-deficient condition developed in a large area of Masan Bay. Concentrations of DIN, DON and PN were 735.6, 1261.8 and 48.5 umol/l at the head, and 79.1, 73.0 and 39.5 umol/l at the mouth of the inner Masan Bay, respectively. Phytoplankton carbon production was 2,695 mgC/m$^2$/day at the mouth of inner Masan Bay. Dissolved oxygen contents were lower than 1 ml/l from 3 m depth in inner Masan Bay and from 10 m depth in the outer Masan Bay. The high concentration of ammonium and phosphate in the lower layer suggests the active degradation of organic materials in the bottom waters and leaching from sediments. The ERS activity was 232.1 ul O$_2$/l/h in the surface waters of the innermost part of Masan Bay and respiratory oxygen consumption is likely to proceed at a rate of 442 ml O$_2$/m$^2$/day in the bottom waters of this bay. Nitrate removal rate was estimated to be 0.25 umol/l/day via denitrification in the bottom waters of the Masan Waterway. It is estimated from the ETS activity that, at the mouth of inner Masan Bay, 9.3-10.5% of carbon fixed in the upper layer was decomposed below the themocline.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2011

This study describes for the first time in Pinus genus a plant regeneration system via a combined pathway of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis from immature seeds of radiata pine. Somatic embryos were obtained from embryogenic line 2162 of Pinus radiata D. Don on EDM basal medium containing $60{\mu}M$ ABA and 6% sucrose. The explants used for organogenesis experiments were either freshly collected somatic embryos or somatic embryos germinated for 1 week. Germination medium was half-strength LP medium, supplemented with 0.2% activated charcoal. Different induction periods and BA concentrations were assayed for shoot induction. After induction treatments, explants were elongated on the same medium used for germination stage. Rooting medium was quarter-strength LP medium supplemented with three different auxin treatments: $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), $1.5mg\;L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and $1mg\;L^{-1}$ IBA with $0.5mg\;L^{-1}$ NAA (MIX). The effect of the photon flux ($120mmol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ and darkness) in the first week of the explants in the rooting media was also tested. This methodology could offer an alternative to overcome some problems associated with somatic embryogenesis such as the seasonality of embryogenic tissue (ET) initiation or a low embryo production from the ET, a particularly important issue in the case of genetically transformed ETs.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.15 no.spc2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

Two different types of plasma probes have been developed and are currently in operation on board the KOMPSAT-l. One is the cylindrical Langmuir Probe (LP) that measures the electron density and temperature from its current-voltage characteristics in thermal plasmas, and the other is the Electron Temperature Sensor (ETS) which directly gives the information of the ambient electron temperatures. These plasma probes provide the electron properties of the local nighttime ionosphere at the KOMPSAT-l altitudes. In this paper we briefly describe the probes and the initial results obtained from these probes since the beginning of their normal operation in April, 2000.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Numerical prediction capability has been improved over the decades, but progress of prediction for high-impact weather (HIW) was unsatisfactory. One reason of low predictability for HIW is lack of observation data. The National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR) has been performed observation program for improvement of predictability, and reduction in social and economical cost for HIW. As part of this observation program, summer intensive observation program (ProbeX-2009) was performed at the observation-gap areas from 25 August to 6 September 2009. Sounding observations using radiosonde were conducted in the Gisang2000 research vessel (R/V) from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) over the West Sea and the Eardo R/V from the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) over the South Sea. Observation System Experiment (OSE) is carried out to examine the effect of ProbeX-2009 data. OSEs using Korea Local Analysis and Prediction System (KLAPS) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are conducted to investigate the predictability for a short time forecast. And, OSEs using WRF/3DVAR system and WRF forecast model are conducted to study the predictability for an extended time. Control experiment (K_CTL and CNTL) used only GTS observation and experiment (K_EXP and SWEXP) used ProbeX-2009 data from two system are performed. ETS for 3hr accumulated rainfall simulated by KLAPS-WRF shows that K_EXP is higher than K_CTL. Also, ETS for 12hr accumulated rainfall of SWEXP from 3DVAR-WRF is higher than CNTL. The results indicate that observation over the ocean has positive impact on HIW prediction.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.245-248
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• 2008

In the present studies, we have intended to compare the EDS (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.4 M sucrose + 10% FCS) and EDT (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.3 M trehalose 10% FCS) methods for vitrification of canine oocytes, in order to improve the vitrification methods. The survival rate of vitrified-thawed oocytes using the EDS method was $15.1{\pm}1.8%$ (p<0.05), which was lower than that of the control group $(66.7{\pm}2.5%)$. About $45{\sim}55%$ of the vitrified-warmed oocytes showed normal morphology, as assessed by PI staining. However, the ratio of survival rate of oocytes showed lower than that of normal morphology in comparison between EDS method and control group. The survival and developmental rates of vitrified-warmed oocytes by the EDS and EDT methods were $16.7{\pm}1.4%\;and\;11.1{\pm}0.8%$ and $8.3{\pm}1.4%\;and\;4.4{\pm}1.8%$, respectively (p<0.05). The results were significantly lower than the control group $(66.7{\pm}2.5%\;and\;16.7{\pm}3.7%)$. However, the survival rate of vitrified-warmed oocytes using EDS method showed higher than that in the ETS group.