• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2023

Ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction of the Berberis amurensis (Berberidaceae) methanol extract showed the potent DPPH radical scavenging activity through Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The EA fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, SOD-3 expression was conducted using a transgenic strain (CF1553) to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the EA fraction. As a result, the EA soluble fraction of B. amurensis increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.220-226
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• 2014

Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits and leaves which are considered for its medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenesis of ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves in B16 cells. The order of the total polyphenol content with regard to the different solvent fractions from D. lotus leaves was EA>butanol>metahanol>chloroform>n-hexane. The major compounds of EA fraction from D. lotus leaves by HPLC analysis were myricitrin and myricetin. Cellular TYR activity and melanin content in response to treatment with 100 mg/mL of EA fraction was inhibited more strongly than group treated with arbutin. Further, EA fraction exhibited significant anti-melanogenesis effects by reducing the levels of microphthalima-associated transcription factor (MITE), inhibiting the synthesis of TYR, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2. Therefore, EA fractions from D. lotus leaves may be a good source of skin-whitening agents in the future development of medicine-based trouble skin therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2014

Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits, which are considered to have medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antipruritic activities of water-soluble, methanol extract, and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves. The EA fraction showed the lowest $IC_{50}$ vale (DPPH: $5.3{\mu}g/mL$, ABTS: $53.8{\mu}g/mL$). Therefore, we further investigated anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects of the EA fraction. TNF-${\alpha}$ production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment was significantly inhibited by the EA fraction in a dose-dependent manner. The EA fraction also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Furthermore, EA fraction had inhibitory effects on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in Balb/c mice. These results suggest that the EA fraction from D. lotus leaves has potential as ameliorative agent against oxidative stress and pruritus-related disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2011

Ischemic stroke constitutes about 80% of all stroke incidences. It is characterized by brain cell death in a region where cerebral arteries supplying blood are occluded. Under these ischemic conditions, apoptosis is responsible for the cell death, at least in part. Goat's-beard (Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus) is a perennial plant that grows naturally in the alpine regions of Korea. In the present study, we first determined whether water extract of goat's-beard (HY1646) and some of its fractions prepared by partitioning with organic solvents could improve the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) cultured under hypoxic condition by blocking apoptotic pathways. Based on the in vitro findings, we subsequently investigated whether HY1646 and the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) selected from cell culture-based screening could attenuate brain injury in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemia (2 hr), followed by 22 hours of reperfusion. The cell number was sustained close to that initially plated in the presence of HY1646 even after 24 hr of cell culture under hypoxic condition (3% $O_2$), at which time the cell number reached almost zero in the absence of HY1646. This improvement in cell viability was attributed to the delay in apoptosis, identified by the formation of DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis. Of fractions soluble in hexane, ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol, EA was chosen for the animal experiments because EA demonstrated the best cell viability at the lowest concentration (10 ${\mu}g$/mL). HY1646 (200 mg/kg) and EA (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct size, an index of brain injury, by 16.6, 40.0 and 61.0%, respectively, as assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The findings suggest that prophylactic intake of goat's beard might be beneficial for preventing ischemic stroke.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2011

A methanol extract of Cassia tora seeds was successively partitioned with diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water, and the antitumor-promoting activity of the solvent fractions was determined by inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by teleocidin B-4 in Raji cells. The diethyl ether (68.7%) and chloroform (91.2%) fractions and the hydrolysate (94.3%) of the ethyl acetate fraction had strong inhibitory activities. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were chromatographed on silica gel and further purified by HPLC. Three active compounds, obtusifolin-2-glucoside (75.0%), chryso-obtusin-6-glucoside (56.8%), and norrubrofusarin-6-glucoside (39.4%), were obtained from the ethyl acetate fraction, and two active compounds, questin (97.9%) and chryso-obtusin (53.8%), were isolated from the chloroform fraction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2024

In this study, we prepared fractions from Cynanchum paniculatum (C. paniculatum) with ethyl acetate and identified the structure and content of paeonol, an indicator substance. Fractions were obtained by sequential solvent fractions using n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water, and showed the highest paeonol content in ethyl acetate (EtOAc). The structure of the ethyl acetate fraction (EA) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and the content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The antioxidant activity of EA was tested through its ability to scavenge 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and its ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was tested for its ability to inhibit NO production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MMP-1 production induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the EA, and the ability to produce procollagen type-I was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of conducting clinical trials using cosmetic formulations containing EA, the effect of improving wrinkles around the eyes was confirmed. Thus, it is expected that Cynanchum paniculatum can be used as a natural functional cosmetic material with antioxidant and anti-aging effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2000

Objectives and Methods : Unlike respiratory anaphylaxis responses, mediators responsible for cardiovascular responses are not clearly elucidated. Main characteristics of cardiovascular anaphylaxis include hypotension and cardiac failure (anhythmia and cardiac contraction failure). In this experiment, the fractionations of Sophorae Radix (SR) were tested for its preventive effects against cardiovascular anaphylaxis in pithed rats. Results : Of the SR fractionations, water fractions, at the concentration of 20 and 60mg/kg, was significantly effective on all the cardiovascular changes in pithed rats. Also, of the cardiovascular changes, depressor response was significantly attenuated by the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction, at the concentration of 60mg/kg. Conclusions : These results suggest that water and EA fractions of the SR fractionations possess anti. anaphylactic effects in pithed rats. Additional research is needed to identify active principles for the observed pharmacological effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

To evaluate the radical scavenging activity of phenolic-rich fractions of Gardenia jasminoides, we first measured the levels of total polyphenols in hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions from the extract of G. jasminoides. The ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminoides extract (GJ-EA) showed high level of phenolics, potent reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl/2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging effect. In addition, GJ-EA inhibited the overproduction of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, we found that GJ-EA suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and also reduced their migratory ability. These results suggest that GJ-EA may be a good source for functional foods with antioxidant and chemo-preventive activities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.442-448
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• 2011

We previously reported that in vitro anti-platelet activity of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng (TCMG) ethanol extracts show improved efficacy when compared with commercial ginseng products such as Korean red ginseng and Panax ginseng. However, information on the anti-platelet activity of the ethyl acetate fraction from TCMG adventitious roots is limited. Therefore, in this study, we further investigated the effects of an ethyl acetate extract of TCMG (EA-TCMG) adventitious roots on in vitro antiplatelet activity in whole human blood and its effect on peripheral blood flow in mice. We found that EA-TCMG inhibited platelet aggregation with $IC_{50}$ values of 271, 180, and 147 ${\mu}g$/mL induced by collagen, adenosine-5'-diphosphate, and arachidonic acid, respectively. Among the three agonists used, thromboxane $A_2$ formation induced by arachidonic acid was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, EA-TCMG improved the peripheral circulatory disturbance by improving vascular blood flow. In conclusion, these results suggest that ethyl acetate extracts from TCMG adventitious roots might inhibit vascular platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the possible use of Eisenia bicyclis (EB) ethanol extract to inhibit activity against lipase. In tests, the lipase inhibitory activity of EB ethanol extract was noted as being 43, 27, and 24% at concentrations of 5, 2.5, and 1 mg/ml, respectively. Isolation was carried out by liquid and liquid extraction, silica-gel column chromatography, and HPLC. The results showed that the lipase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction from EB ethanol extract exhibited the strongest lipase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 1.31 mg/ml. The EA fraction was separated using silica-gel column chromatography and we obtained 22 sub-fractions. Amongst them, the EA1 fraction showed the highest lipase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.54 mg/ml. Eight peaks were obtained from the EA1 fraction by HPLC. Fraction 5 also showed a strong lipase inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.37 mg/ml. The fraction 5 was identified as dieckol and the inhibition pattern analyzed from Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed a non-competitive inhibitor. These results suggest that EB has potential as a natural anti-obesity agent.