• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.713-725
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• 1993

This paper presents methodological paradigms : quantitative positivistic (logical empiricism) as the received tradition in the scientific inquiry and qualitative naturalistic (post -positivism or nataralism) as a new paradigm in the Kuhnian sense. Various kind of qualitative methods under the umbrella term, qualitative inquiry, were briefly introduced. Details on the definition, epistemology, naming of subject, field technique (participant observation and ethnographic interview) of ethnographic research method as an adequate method for studying on the unique nursing phenomena in Korean culture were done. Besides, the concept of triangulation, issues on the methododogical paradigm, a criteria for rigor of qualitative naturalistic inquiry were mentioned.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

This study aimed to discern the educational meaning of nature experience activity in a nonformal educational program in Korea, focusing on the interaction between a teacher and learners. To achieve this objective, an ethnographic research method was employed using an environmental educational program for children in a nonformal setting. The results of study are as followings. Firstly, the teacher's belief-"young ecologist" shaped its own characteristics of the program. Secondly, the children had a understanding that they learn something about nature(e.g. learning by seeing, dlscovering, recollecting, and awakening). The analysis of teachers' ideas and learners' attitude toward nature experience shows that there exists a gap between the teachers' expectations and the actual ecological changes in the learners' ideas. However, the educational meaning of nature experience can be understood by the unique type of interaction between a teacher and learners. In conclusion, on the basis of this study, it is suggested that educators should be aware of the fact that nature experience can conttribute significantly to the education of children not just from the encounter with nature but also philosophically with regard to our connectedness with nature. Bringing nature into educational contexts can help children to take part in thoughtful perspectives of learning and to devise their own appropriate nature experience.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.153-186
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• 2020

The family as a social institution has survived most diverse political periods and appears resilient or at least able to reconstitute itself even in the aftermath of destructive events such as wars. Age at first marriage is one possibility to systematize the strategies that families follow in times of internal conflicts (e.g., civil wars), external interventions or peaceful times. The authors found that age at first marriage correlates with socio-political events whereas perceptions of insecurity lead to a decline in marital age. This paper is based on three case studies that the authors have conducted through ethnographic methods among Tajiks in the cities Kulob, Khujand, and Mazar-e Sharif in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Combining Grounded Theory with the genealogical methods from social anthropology in order to generate demographic data, the authors introduce the method of grounded demography as a way to generate demographic data through ethnographic methods. Grounded demography offers a way to produce statistical data grounded in ethnographic research.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2014

This study explores the grandchild-rearing experience of grandmothers whose children are part of dual-earner couples. Twelve participants provided in-depth interview data that were analysed according to Spradely's ethnographic method. We present three main themes in our research, as well as ten smaller themes: (i) the grandchild-rearing motive (from the perspective of the adult, the child, the grandchild, and the grandmother); (ii) the mode of grandchild-rearing support (residential, total weight of childrearing support, availability of a daycare center); (iii) the change in the grandmother's way of life (positive changes and negative changes). Finally, this study examines the integrity of the grandmother's identity as their productivity increases through providing grandchild-rearing support. It also looks at the importance of governmental policies that support their burdens according to the level support they provide.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.216-231
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data to develop the effective nursing intervention for the parent who have children with cancer by acquiring the deeper understanding of the mothers' adjustment of caring for their children with cancer. Methods: The ethnographic research method was used to find out the pattern of caring adjustment in Korean cultural context. Informants consisted of 12 mothers who were caring for their children with cancer. The data were collected using in-depth interviews, participant observation, and telephone interviews by maximum variation purposive sampling. The data were analyzed following Spradley's methodology. Results: The mothers' caring adjustment were organized into one cultural theme, four categories, and twelve properties. The cultural theme was 'standing alone as a mother with sin'. The four categories were 'blaming for falling illness', 'overcoming with motherhood', 'desperate struggling with side effects', and 'establishing new network as a dependent'. Conclusion: For the mothers who are caring children with cancer, the supportive nursing intervention based on the deeper understanding of mothers' pattern of caring adjustment for their children and centered on facilitating effective adjustment in each cultural context especially from the very early stage of caring in the hospital ward is extremely required.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.381-430
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• 2009

본 연구는 사서의 직업사회화에 관한 총체적인 행위이론을 도출하기 위한 질적 다방법연구의 한 접근으로, 문화기술연구법을 적용하여 사서의 직업 사회화에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인가를 밝히고 그 이해를 도모하고자 하는 연구이다. 본 연구의 정보제보자는 학부에서 문헌정보학(도서관학)을 전공하고, 현재 서울과 경기지역의 공공, 대학, 학교, 전문도서관에서 5년 이상의 정규직 경험을 가지고 있는 16명의 현직 사서 및 사서교사들이다. 자료수집은 개별적으로 3회의 개방적 및 반구조적인 심층면담 및 1회의 부분적 참여관찰을 하였다. 분석 결과 사서직의 직업사회화의 영향요인으로 '대학의 전공교육', '사회적 변화', '업무', '인간관계', '이용자', '도서관 조직풍토', '사회적 인식', '전문성 향상 노력'이 도출되었다. 또한 이들 요인을 통합하는 문화적 주제는 '사서직에 대해 몰인식(沒認識)하는 현실을 인내하면서 현직 유지하기'로 나타났다. 이 '인내하기'는 제보자들이 학교에서 배우고 실무에서 재인식한 사서직의 가치와 사회적으로 통용되고 인식되는 가치와의 격차에서 발생하는 구체적인 불이익, 몰인식, 피해의식에 대한 사회화 대응전략이기도 하다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.485-515
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• 2019

본 연구는 경로당을 이용하는 여성 노인들 사이에 친구·이웃 집단따돌림 현상이 어떠한 모습으로 나타나는지를 살펴보았다. 문화기술지를 연구방법으로 선택하였으며, 집단따돌림 현상이 나타나는 A 경로당을 이용하는 여성 노인 16명을 연구참여자로 선정하였다. 참여관찰과 면접을 통해 자료를 수집하였고 Spradley(1979)가 제시한 문화기술지적 분석방법을 바탕으로 결과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 경로당 이용 여성 노인의 친구·이웃 집단따돌림 현상은 외톨이로 만듦, 피해를 줌, 대응함, 벗어나지 못함이라는 네 가지 영역으로 나타났다. 먼저, 호의적이지 않은 분위기 속에서 집단따돌림 피해자는 의지할 곳 없는 외톨이가 되었다. 가해자들의 '공격함', '차별함', '고립시킴', '경로당 이용을 저지함'으로 인해 피해자들은 불리한 상황에 처하였다. 둘째, 피해자는 피해를 입는 동시에 다른 사람들에게 해를 가하였다. 이는 경로당을 함께 이용하는 사람들을 배려하지 않고, 거짓말로 속이는 모습, 집단생활을 하는 데 능숙하지 못한 측면, 기여가 적거나 통제된 생활을 어려워하는 상황으로 드러났다. 셋째, 경로당 여성 노인들은 '회피함', '지지 않음', '개선하려 함', '다른 관계를 통해 따돌림에서 빠져나오고자 함' 네 가지 방법으로 집단따돌림 현상에 대응하고자 했다. 마지막으로, A 경로당은 지속적으로 집단따돌림 현상에 머물러있는 모습을 보였다. 끊임없이 새로운 따돌림 대상이 출현했으며, 따돌림은 경로당 안뿐만 아니라 경로당 밖까지 퍼져나갔다. 이러한 결과는 경로당 여성 노인의 집단따돌림 현상이 아동·청소년, 직장 집단따돌림과 유사한 역동을 보여주면서도, 상이한 개인적, 환경적 요인으로 인해 이들과 다른 독특한 측면이 나타남을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 경로당 이용 여성들의 집단따돌림 현상의 고유한 전개 양상들에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 한국 사회에서 나타나고 있는 집단따돌림 중 경로당 여성 노인의 집단따돌림에 대한 논의를 보다 구체화하고 확대시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.103-123
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate infants' individual attempts at interaction with their teachers in the two-year-old class curriculum of a child care center. To achieve this aim, this study analyzed both the types of interactions that infants attempted with their teachers, as well as the underlying message contained in infants' attempts at of interacting. This study used the complete participation observation methodology following an ethnographic approach, a research method which can help us see the whole picture by tracing the main causes and connections. The participants in this study were 13 infants and their teachers in 2 two-year-old classes (Hope and Love) of the Vision Child Care Center located in G city. The researcher, who was also a Hope-class teacher, ad as an observer, and the Love-class teacher acted as an assistant observer. Participant observation was made everyday except the days when field trips and group activities wewe planned, from october 2009 to January 2010. A variety of methods were used to collect materials, such as participant observation, in-depth interviews and collection of documents.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2001

The childbearing process is not only a biological phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child but also a sociocultural phenomenon which is reflected on her value, belief in the sociocultural context according to social change and acculturation. The familial relation and sociocultural context in the multigravidas are more complex and intermingled than in the primigravidas. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of identity from the first trimester of pregnancy to the third trimester of pregnancy in the Korean multigravidas and to understand deeply the perspectives of pregnant women reflected on Korean sociocultural values, beliefs, norms and familial culture. The participants of 10 pregnant women in Seoul, Korea were observed for 10 months from January to October 2000 and interviewed in their homes and comfortable place. Data analysis was accomplished 'line by line method' and significant concepts were classified according to themes, categories, and domains. The results of this study were as follows : The participants experienced 4 categorized subjects : understanding the oneself - mother to be, performing the dual role, drifting the emotion, and living disheartened during pregnancy. The participants were showed universality and diversity pattern in the self understanding process. The universal pattern were 'mother to be' showing maturation, life along family and priority on motherhood between being a mother and a woman. The diverse pattern were taking the dual role in working mothers having the higher self actualized value and personal identity rather than maternal identity, drifting emotion in resigned mothers, and living disheartened in mothers who have two daughters and no son. In conclusion, the Korean multigravidas experienced womanhood as well as motherhood through the self understanding process with familial connections during pregnancy. Therefore it is suggested that if the harmony and the balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting during pregnancy in the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore, the health care providers have to divert their attention from biomedical perspectives to biocultural perspectives integrating bio-psycho-sociocultural aspects of pregnant women in a clinical setting.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.379-393
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• 2015

This study proposes a new way to investigate purchasing behavior for preschool children's clothes using an ethnographic research method. The study consisted of 16 subjects composed of preschool children (aged 6 and 7) and their mothers. The analysis results are as follows. First, the in-depth interviews, indicated 14 attributes that mothers considered when purchasing children's clothes. Next, the result of conducting component analysis for consideration attributes indicated that the order of importance of attributes for mothers' opinions varied partially for some attributes (such as price) that depended on if the child was being raised only by the mother or with the help of another person. Second, in the accompanied shopping for the preschool children's clothes, the result of identifying the differences between the perception of consideration attributes and shopping behaviors confirmed some differences between consideration attributes recognized in the interviews and attributes practically considered when purchasing. Housewives (who were the mothers of girls) said that materials and comfort were the most important in the interviews; however, employed mothers of girls perceived design to be the most important attribute. The mothers of girls assessed design as an important attribute that they could never concede. Third, the children's opinions were found to partially influence mothers' purchasing behavior in the purchase of preschool children's clothes. Preschool children expressed their opinions on wearability and design in the process of wearing clothes at home or buying them outside; subsequently, mothers recognized children's opinions and reflected them in their practical purchases.