• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.179-183
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• 2014

Investigators planning to use animals in their research and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) members who review the research protocols must take personal responsibility for ensuring that they have the skills and knowledge to perform their duties, applying the Three Rs principles of Russell and Burch. The two Korean laws introduced in 2008 and 2009 regulating animal use for scientific purposes in line with the Three Rs principles have been revised a total of 11 times over the last 6 years. Both regulatory agencies, e.g., the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, provide regular training based on the legal requirements. Based on the amended Animal Welfare Act, the IACUC appointment framework has been upgraded: appointments are now for two-year terms and require a qualified training certificate issued by the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency since 2012. The authors reviewed the current curricular programs and types of training conducted by the two governing agencies through Internet searches. Our Internet survey results suggest that: a) diversity should be provided in training curricula, based on the roles, backgrounds and needs of the individual trainees; b) proper and continued educational programs should be provided, based on trainees' experiences; and c) active encouragement by government authorities can improve the quality of training curricula.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.122-137
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find the exact state of cyberbullying and the countermeasure for it. cyberbullying is characterized by having the wideness, the anonymity and the intellectualization unlike the harassment of off-line. The result of this study, the cyberbullying is increased through the e-mail, cellular phone, and website around the teenagers. In particular, the cyberbullying has appeared mainly among the same age friends, it is proved that injurers inflict the harassment mainly at their own place and the ratio of the harassment by one self is higher than many. In addition, it is quite probable that the injurer-student who inflicts the harassment in off-line also can do it in on-line and to attack the cyberbullying is easy to find by the student who is indulged himself in internet use. Therefore, it is presented that the countermeasure in educational side and systematic side on this study. First on the educational side, there are presented the practice of the preventive education against the cyberbullying, expansion of the preventive schools for the cyber ethics and cyber crime and strengthening of the guideline for students in cyberspace. Second on the systematic side, there are presented the appointment of various committee, to strengthen the protection of damaged students, preparation of laws for cyberbullying, expansion of information office for internet addiction, improvement of the system for the school custodian and to extend the operating for cyber clearness school.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.653-660
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• 2010

Along with the steady growth of health functional food (HFF) markets, research evaluating the human effects of HFF has been expanding. In this study, we investigated the regulatory and management system of human study on HFF in the USA, Japan and UK, and the Korean domestic regulations on HHF, medicines, medical devices, cosmetics and biotechnology in order to improve the domestic management system. In these four countries, institutional review board (IRB) or research ethics committee (REC) approvals are required for on human study of HHF, but regulatory and management systems differ from country to country. In the USA, human studies on HFF for structure/function claims do not require the FDA's prior approval but clinical trials of the disease treatment effects of HHF require prior approval from the FDA. In the USA, IRBs are managed by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) rather than the FDA, and IRBs in those institutions which would execute the clinical trials requiring prior approval from the FDA or human studies funded by the USA federal government are required to be registered on the DHHS. In the UK, although the government does not require prior approval of human study, authorized RECs managed by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) and other independent RECs review the human study. In Japan, human study for HFF must conform with "Ethical guidelines for epidemiological research" and IRB registration has not been required. In Korean domestic regulations, the responsibilities, compositions, functions and operations of IRBs on medicines, medical devices and biotechnology are legally specified, but not those of IRB on HHF. These foreign statuses for the management of human study on HFF and comparisons with Korean regulations are expected to be used as basic data to improve the domestic legal system.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.103-128
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• 2023

According to the current act of Decision-Marking in Life-Sustaining Medicine, the decision to withhold or discontinue life-sustaining treatment is primarily based on the wishes of a patient in the dying process. Decision-making regarding life-sustaining treatment for these patients is made by the patient, if he or she is conscious, directly expressing his/her intention for life-sustaining treatment in writing or verbally or by writing an advance medical directive and physician orders for life-sustaining treatment. It can be exercised. On the other hand, if the patient has not written an advance medical directive or physician orders for life-sustaining treatment, the patient's intention can be confirmed with a statement from the patient's family, or a decision to discontinue life-sustaining treatment can be made with the consent of all members of the patient's family. However, in the case of an unrelated patient who has no family or whose family is unknown, if an advance medical directive or physician orders for life-sustaining treatment are not written before hospitalization and a medical condition prevents the patient from expressing his or her opinion, the patient's will cannot be known and the patient cannot be informed. A situation arises where a decision must be made as to whether to continue or discontinue life-sustaining treatment. This study reviewed discussions and measures for unbefriended patients under the current law in order to suggest policy measures for deciding on life-sustaining treatment in the case of unbefriended patients. First, we looked at the application of the adult guardian system, but although an adult guardian can replace consent for medical treatment that infringes on the body, permission from the family court is required in cases where death may occur as a direct result of medical treatment. It cannot be said to be an appropriate solution for patients in the process of dying. Second, in accordance with Article 14 of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act, we looked at the deliberation of medical institution ethics committees on decisions to discontinue life-sustaining treatment for patients without family ties.Under the current law, the medical institution ethics committee cannot make decisions on discontinuation of life-sustaining treatment for unbefriended patients, so through revision, matters regarding decisions on discontinuation of life-sustaining treatment for unbefriended patients are reflected in Article 14 of the same Act or separate provisions for unbefriended patients are made. It is necessary to establish and amend new provisions. In addition, the medical institution ethics committee must make a decision on unbefriended patients, but if the medical institution cannot make such a decision, there is a need to revise the law so that the public ethics committee can make decisions, such as discontinuing life-sustaining treatment for unbefriended patients.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2014

The committee of admitted doctors developed a questionnaire regarding medical dispute and distributed it to 1,600 members of Korean Academy of Orthodontics. The questionnaire consisted of three categories and 56 items covering basic information about the doctors and patients who had experienced medical disputes, the cause and workaround of medical accidents, and methods for taking precautions. The present survey showed a similar proportion of responders who had experienced a medical accident compared to the study in 1997. The primary reason for medical disputes was dissatisfaction with appearance. Many doctors felt that they would likely experience a medical dispute at some point. Most disputes were settled by doctors themselves, usually for an amount of less than 5 million Korean won. For some doctors, medical accidents lead to ongoing psychological problems. Responders felt that continuing education for medical dispute is very necessary. These results reveal a need for the association of orthodontists to lead advancements in education and countermeasures for preventing and managing medical accidents and disputes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.140-142
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• 2004

As a molecular imaging is the most up-to-date technology in Nuclear Medicine, it has complicate ethical and regulatory problems. For animal experiment, we have to follow institutional animal care committee. for clinical experiment, we have to get approval of Institutional Review Board according to Helsinki declaration. In addition, approval from Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) is essential for manufacturing and commercialization. However, too much regulation would suppress development of new technology, which would result in the loss of national competitive power. In addition, most new radioactive ligands for molecular imaging are administered to human at sub-pharmacological and sub-toxicological level. In conclusion, a balanced regulation is essential for the safety of clinical application and development of new technology.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.18
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• pp.281-315
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• 2008

This paper reviews recent records issues surrounding former president Roh Moo-Hyun's private possession of the copies of the presidential records in Korea. While the former president transferred his records to the National Archives of Korea, he copied his electronic presidential records and kept them in his house after the term. His retention of the "records copies" arouse critical records issues and criminal charges. In this paper, I examined the definition of presidential records and legal status of records copies, authenticity of electronic copies of public records in public and private records systems, nature and scope of presidential privilege of access to his records, and most importantly, political neutrality of national archives. I examined these issues comparing with foreign experience, especially that of the United States which has the Presidential Records Act like Korea. All issues are examined in the professional spirit of archives principles and archives ethics. Legal status of the electronic copies of presidential records is not firmly established and the criminal charge seems groundless. However, it is against public archives principles and ethics that private former president privately possesses and manages private information and national security information held in the electronic copies of the presidential records. Presidential Records Act of Korea provides an effective tool to protect the presidential records for 15 years and it should be respected. It is time to consolidate the public records management institutions in Korea, not to disintegrate them.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.36
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• pp.42-77
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• 2006

As a term 'Media Big Bang' will appear, the media is extending explosively. But actually it is appearing the paradoxical phenomenon which journalism meets a crisis. If the purpose of journalism is 'to provide people with the information they need to be free and self-governing', the crisis of Journalism directly brings about the result which damages audience welfare. Consequently the preceding task which defends the public good of journalism is accurately to get at the root of the substance which brings about the crisis of Journalism. In this paper, the principle and basic ethics of Journalism was theorized on the concept of truth and fairness, how about Korean journalism was answered to the standard is analyzed. With the result it was confirmed Korean journalism does not defend even truth and fairness about important agenda to be solved today. It was recognizes the substance which brings about the crisis of Journalism is 'the crisis of basic ethics', and was presented a an alternative proposal. It was introduced the research of 'Committee of Concerned Journalists' in the United States, and proposed the effort which is saved journalism with organic combination of Korean academic world and journalist' group.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.235-241
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of advertising section of the daily newspaper through content analysis. From April 2015 to March 2017, a total of 1,927 advertisements were analyzed by the newspaper ethics committee, and the following results were obtained. Firstly, most types of features (advertising) received more attention than warnings. Secondly, we can confirm that the amount of advertisement in section (featured) of major daily newspapers is gradually increasing, and section advertisement is appeared in major business districts. Third, there were many violations in the practice guidelines of the newspaper code of ethics as the media's responsibility and press coverage. Finally, in the case of certain companies and products, if you do not follow the principles of publication for profit and publicity, you may need to make your own efforts to protect the credibility and fairness of newspapers, and more autonomous guidelines.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2021

In this study, we looked at the appearance of Edutech, which is being put into the educational field after Corona 19, with the advent of the 4th industrial revolution. In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, the infrastructure, data, and service of Smart Stick that actively utilized ICT became the main pillars of smart education. In particular, smart education is being implemented through e-learning, smart learning, and edutech, and on this basis, it has become possible through the expansion and use of the Internet and computers, the dissemination of smart devices, and a software foundation using big data. Based on this, it was confirmed that Edutech is being implemented through the establishment of a quarantine safety net, a learning safety net, and a care safety net for individual learners and safe life based on artificial intelligence. Lastly, in order for edutech education using big data to become a discourse for everyone, it is necessary to consider artificial intelligence and ethics in the use and application of edutech.