• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53-73
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• 2013

This study revisits issues for Big data. Three research questions, understanding the concept of Big data, important issues of Big data research and utilization methods for library information services, are explored by the literature and practice reviews. Study results revealed several important issues of Big data including the concept in the context of real world situation, the problems with the accuracy and reliability of the data, privacy and ethical issues, and issues of intellectual property rights. With understanding these issues, a few utilization methods were introduced for Library and Information services. It was included using its analysis for developing vision, adopting Library management, supporting community services, and providing customized information services for various users. The study concluded Big data analysis would effectively provide valid evidences for all those services.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4813-4818
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of chewing gutka,areca nut, snuff and tobacco smoking among the young population in the Northern India Population between the age of 15 to 22 years. Methods: The study was approved by the ethical committee. A total of 10 school and colleges located in the rural and urban areas was selected. A total of 1500 young individuals aged between 15 to 22 years were selected. A self-administered questionnaire was designed comprised of 14 closed ended questions about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards consumption of areca nut, gutka and tobacco smoking that were filled by the participants. Descriptive statistics were obtained and mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentages were calculated. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Result: A total of 1050 out of 1500 students responded to the questionnaire. A total of 227 subjects agreed that they are consuming the tobacco. Out of this, 196 (86.34%) were boys and 31 (13.65%) were girls who agreed in consumption of tobacco product. Out of 196, 150 boys (76.5%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 46 (23.4% ) practice the habit of chewing areca nut and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 31 girls, 25 girls (80.6%) practices the habit of smoking 1 -5 times a day and 6 (19.4%) practice the habit of chewing areca nut and gutkha 1 - 5 times a day. Out of 740 subjects, 530 were boys and 210 girls have full knowledge of deleterious long term effects of tobacco consumption. Conclusion:The present study concluded that young population of North India lack Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding consumption of areca nut, gutka and tobacco smoking. Here is an urgent need to take effective steps, especially on launching community awareness programs for the school children and public to educate them about the consequences of tobacco use, and on assessing their effectiveness in curbing the problem.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.325-327
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• 2013

Objective: To differentiate between benign and malignant hyperparathyroidism on the basis of excretion of HCG and its malignant isoforms in urine. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in Manipal Teaching Hospital from $1^{st}$ January, 2008 and $31^{st}$ August, 2012. The variables collected were urinary HCG and HCG malignant isoform, calcium and parathyroid hormone. Preceding the study, approval was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Analysis was by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Results: Out of the 20 cases, 10 were primary hyperparathyroidism and the remainder were parathyroid carcinomas. The urinary HCG $6.1{\pm}0.6$ fmol/mgCr was with in normal range in benign hyperthyroidism but was markedly elevated in three cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism (maximum value of excretion in urine for HCG was 2323 fmol/mgCr). The excretion of malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 0 in benign hyperparathyroidsm and in four cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism which fell into the category of persistantly low HCG. The maximum excretion of the malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 1.8, in the category of very high HCG. Calcium and parathyroid hormone were mildly raised in benign parathyroidism, while parathyroid hormone was markedly elevated in cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism falling into the category of very high HCG. Conclusions: The excretion of urinary HCG in urine has the ability to distinguish between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas and thus has potential to become a marker of disease progression in malignant parathyroid disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1965-1967
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• 2013

Background: To obtain the maximum additional information about the prognosis of gastric cancer, we compared CA-50 with other previously defined markers. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ July 2012 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. The variables collected were age, gender, AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA50, assayed with ELISA reader for all cases. The cut off values for serum AFP, CEA, CA19-9, and CA-50 were 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 10 ${\mu}g/l$, 37 U/ml, and 20 U/ml, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Results: Of the 40 examined patients, 13 patients had tumors located in the upper third of the stomach, 6 patients had tumors in the middle third, 16 patients had tumors in the lower third, and 5 patients had tumors occupying two-thirds of the stomach or more. The distribution of lymph node staging of the patients was as follows: 7 patients belonged to N0, 9 patients to N1 stage, 10 patients to N2 stage, and 14 patients to N3 stage. The statistical method of Cox proportional hazards using multivariate analysis also illustrated that tumor markers including CEA (2.802), CA19-9 (2.690), CA50 (2.101), were independent prognostic factors, as tumor size (1.603), and lymph node stage (1.614). Conclusions: The tumour markers now available, like CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 50, chiefly perceive advanced gastric cancer. The preoperative rise in those tumour marker level have a prognostic significance and may be clinically helpful in choosing patients for adjuvant management.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2008

"Personalized medicine," the goal of which is to provide better clinical care by applying patient's own genomic information to their health care is a global challenge for the $21^{st}$ century "genomic era." This is especially true in Korea, where provisions for clinical genetic services are inadequate for the existing demand, let alone future demands. Genomics-based knowledge and tools make it possible to approach each patient as a unique biological individual, which has led to a paradigm-shift in medical practice, giving it more of a predictive focus as compared with current treatment oriented approach. With recent advancements in genomics, many genetic tests, such as susceptibility genetic tests, have been developed for both rare single gene diseases and more common multifactorial diseases. Indeed, genetic tests for presymtomatic individuals and genetic tests for drug response have become widely available, and personalized medicine will face the challenge of assisting patients who use such tests to make appropriate and wise use of genetic risk assessment. A major challenge of genomic medicine lies in understanding and communicating disease risk in order to facilitate and support patients and their families in making informed decisions. Establishment of a health care system with provisions for genetic counseling as an integral part of health care service, in addition to genomic literacy of health care providers, is vital to meet this growing challenge. Realization of the promise of personalized medicine in the era of genomics for improvement of health care is dependent on further development of next generation sequencing technology and affordable sequencing test costs. Also necessary will be policy development concerning the ethical, legal and social issues of genomic medicine and an educated and ready medical community with clinical practice guidelines for genetic counseling and genetic testing.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the published research in the Journal of Muscle and Joint Health and to suggest the future perspectives. Methods: In this study, we reviewed the contents of 195 articles published in this journal from the first issue of the year 1994 to 2007. Results: The majority of subjects were adult, mostly with arthritis. The position of the authors was mostly professor (73.3%). Most of studies did not clearly describe about ethical consideration. The data collection was mostly conducted in the hospital (53.8%) or community (36.9%), with the questionnaire (62.6%). The types of research design were correlational study (36.4%), experimental study (31.8%), survey (18.5%), and qualitative research (4.6%). Physical variables included pain, fatigue, activities of daily living, joint flexibility, muscle strength, etc., psychosocial variables were measured by self-efficacy, depression, quality of life, etc., and cognitive variables by knowledge, education, etc. The most utilized nursing intervention for experimental study were exercise, self-help, and education. Conclusion: Further research is needed to extend the target population research design from multidisciplinary perspectives.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4067-4069
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• 2013

Background: The present study was undertaken to establish any correlation of elevated levels of CA19-9 with tumor stage or grade of urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences between $1^{st}$ July 2012 and $31^{st}$ December 2012. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. CA19-9 was assayed with an ELISA reader for all cases and expressed in U/ml with 37U/ml taken as the cut-off upper value for normal. Results: Out of 20 cases enrolled, 15 were of urothelial carcinoma and the remaining 5 were controls. There was marked difference between the mean values of CA19-9 in cases $40.2{\pm}19.3U/ml$ of urothelial carcinoma and controls $7.98{\pm}7.34U/ml$. The number of cases in Ta, TI, T2, T3, T4 stages of urothelial carcinoma were 2, 6, 3, 3, 1 respectively. The percentage rise in CA19-9 was less with low grade tumors (22.2%) when compared with high grade tumors (66.6%) (p value $0.001^*$). The percentage of rise in CA19-9 for muscle invasive tumors was very high when compared to superficial tumors. Similarly, the percentage of rise in CA19-9 for metastatic disease was very high when compared to non-metastatic disease and it was found statistically significant (p value $0.001^*$). Conclusion: Serum CA19-9 levels predicts the prognosis of urothelial carcinoma as it is almost invariably raised in tumors having metastatic spread.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.547-553
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• 2015

Objectives: In this comparative analytic study the standard competency of American Dental Hygienists proposed by the America Dental Education Association was examined and compared with the competency of American school of entry-level to identify the competence required by domestic dental hygienists. Methods: Based on the standard competency presented by the America Dental Education Association the 109 schools which provide respective dental hygiene competency among 336 universities and colleges belonging to the entry-level were compared with each other, and the collected data were processed by SPSS 21.0. Results: The descriptive statistics upon overall competence were prepared and the results of survey revealed the highest average score of 7.53 for the Core competency. It was identified that there were statistically significant difference between two groups of the above(the top 25%) and below the average level(the 25% from the bottom) in all the competency. The competency of participation in local community and patients' care were appeared as significant variables affecting the core competency of dental hygienists with the 76.4% of explanatory power, and the model reveals the statistically significant results(p<0.001). Conclusions: Based on these results it was identified that the ethical, communication skill, self-development efforts, and capability of critical thinking and judgment were necessary competency for the dental hygienists. Further efforts to integrate and standardize the competency of domestic dental hygienists are thus needed and based on these integrated and standardized competencies the integrated curricula to cultivate domestic dental hygienists should be developed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.572-576
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• 2012

In this research, we examined the courses of the colleges of Korean medicine in Korea to find out how well the education on medical ethics is being conducted so that we could make good use of our findings as basic material to make arrangements to develop ethics education in Korean medicine. In the same research, we conducted a survey to find detailed information on the current state of ethics education and its actual application at 12 colleges of Korean medicine in Korea. As a result, 8 colleges out of 12 included medical ethics in their courses. They were among the subjects in the first year or second year of a preparatory program. Most of them were classified as requirements while some of them were classified as electives in humanities or liberal arts. As ethical issues in the medical community become more diversified and important, it is imperative that health care providers maintain firm ethics. As the need for medical ethics and ethics education is getting larger, ethics education at colleges of oriental medicine is becoming a more important focus. Therefore, it is necessary to expand ethics education at the colleges of Korean medicine in Korea and set a precedent for studying ethics in Korean medicine based on that.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2253-2255
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• 2012

Objective: The objective of our present study was to assess the role of serum amyloid A (SAA) in stages and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Material and Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study carried out in the Department of Medicine and Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2008 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables collected were SAA, CRP. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Quantitative analysis of human SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) was performed by radial immune diffusion (RID) assay for all cases. Results: Of the 422 total cases of renal cell carcinoma, 218 patients had normal and 204 abnormal SAA. SAA levels were grossly elevated in T3 stage ($122.3{\pm}SD35.7$) when compared to the mean for the T2 stage ($84.2{\pm}SD24.4$) (p value: 0.0001). Similarly, SAA levels were grossly elevated in M1 stage ($190.0{\pm}SD12.7$) when compared to the M0 stage ($160.9{\pm}SD24.8$) (p: 0.0001). There was no significant association with elevated CRP levels ($209.1{\pm}SD22.7$, normal $199.0{\pm}SD19.5$). Conclusion: The validity of SAA in serum as being of independent prognostic significance in RCC was demonstrated with higher levels in advanced stage disease.